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Russian Words for ‘freedom’ Revisited
Get PDFThe paper deals with the Russian words referring to ‘freedom’ (svoboda, volia, and their derivatives svobodnyj, vol’nyi, vol’nost’, etc.) in both synchronic and diachronic aspects. I seek to elaborate and to refine the analysis given in some earlier publications (by Anna Wierzbicka and by myself). The paper analyzes the spatial dimension of the semantics of the words under consideration, the contrast between svoboda and volia before the Revolution, their semantic development during Soviet times and their current semantic status. It also considers metalinguistic comments on their semantics by Russian speakers. I make special reference to the role of these words in The First Circle by Alexander Solzhenitsyn and the problem of their translation into other languages. In addition, I briefly consider the use of the words in question in the translations of various texts into Russian (with reference to the parallel corpora of the Russian National Corpus). The starting point for such an analysis is the assumption that one may regard translation equivalents and paraphrases of a linguistic unit extracted from real translated texts as a source of information about its semantics. This approach is particularly efficient in case of language-specific words that defy translation. Translations into Russian may be even more revealing in this respect: when Russian is the source language, the choice of a paraphrase depends on the translator’s meta-linguistic reflection while an occurrence of a Russian language-specific expression in the target text, more often than not reflects a “naïve” choice of words as a part of “natural” linguistic activity
КОГНИТИВНАЯ МАТРИЦА ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Get PDFЦель статьи — показать движение научной мысли от зарождения до определения понятия «языковая личность». Отмечается, что до 70-х гг. прошлого столетия эмоции полностью исключались из сферы лингвистического внимания. В связи с появлением антропоцентрической лингвистики эмоции были признаны центром человеческой личности, но многие ученые по-прежнему уделяли внимание в основном только языку человека, и в структуре понятия «языковая личность» оставалась значительная лакуна — отсутствовала ее эмоциональная компонента. Задачами данной статьи являются: 1) изучение этапов становления теории языковой личности; 2) доказательство необходимости включения эмоциональной компоненты в структуру концепта языковой личности; 3) обоснование нового термина — «эмоционально-коммуникативная личность», который логично вписывается в терминосистему современной коммуникативистики и не отрицает термин «языковая личность», а подчеркивает коммуникативную важность ее эмоциональной компоненты. Теоретическим материалом послужили многочисленные концепции языковой личности от В.В. Виноградова (1930-е гг.) до Г.И. Богина, Ю.Н. Караулова (1980-е гг.), а затем, с 90-х гг. по настоящее время О.А. Дмитриевой, И.А. Мурзиновой, 2015; Shakhovsky, 2000; В.И. Шаховский, 2008 а, б; А.А. Штебы, 2014 и мн. др. В зарубежной лингвистике такое терминопонятие не разрабатывалось. Другим теоретическим источником явились многочисленные работы по теории эмоций в языке. В отечественном языкознании лингвистика эмоций разрабатывается с 1969 г. Основные результаты этой работы отражены в публикациях В.И. Шаховского, с 1969 по настоящее время; С.В. Ионовой, 1998, 2015; Н.А. Красавского, 2001; Т.В. Лариной, 2009, 2015; Я.А. Волковой, 2014 и мн. др. В современной интерпретации проблема формулируется как «язык и эмоции» в работах: A. Schleicher, 1869; Ch. Bali, 1944; A. Binet, 1946; F. Dane, 1987; B. Volek, 1987; R. Dirven, 1997; S. Niemeier, 1997; A. Wierzbicka, 1999 и др. Использованными в статье методами являются: критический анализ теоретических работ, гипотетико-дедуктивный метод, научная интуиция автора исследования. Автором установлено следующее: 1) теория языковой личности многолика, но до настоящего времени не предлагает полной картины этого феномена, что, в свою очередь, не позволяет сформулировать единую дефиницию языковой личности; 2) в связи с возникновением и развитием лингвистики эмоций и коммуникативистики стало очевидно отсутствие структурно-эмоциональной компоненты в матрице языковой личности. В связи с этим в работе даны аргументы в пользу введения нового термина — «эмоционально-коммуникативная личность», который закрывает лакуну, существующую во всех определениях языковой личности; предложено описание когнитивной матрицы эмоционально-коммуникативной личности, дополняющее понимание термина «языковая личность»; 3) подчеркнуто, что именно структурно-эмоциональная компонента языковой личности позволяет осознать ее (не)экологичность; 4) предложенная матрица расширяет эмотивно-когнитивную компетенцию homo loquens / homo sentiens
REVIEW of V.V. Feshhenko (ed.), 2016. Linguistics and Semiotics of Cultural Transfer: Methods, Principles, Technology. Moscow: Kul’turnaja revoljucija Publ, 500 pp. (In Russ.)
Get PDFREVIEW of V.V. Feshhenko (ed.), 2016. Linguistics and Semiotics of Cultural Transfer: Methods, Principles, Technology.
Moscow: Kul’turnaja revoljucija Publ, 500 pp. (In Russ.
ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРНІ КОНОТАЦІЇ ЕТНОНІМА ЦИГАН (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ФРАЗЕМ І ПАРЕМІЙ)
Get PDFThe ethnonym Tsyhan (Gypsy), being an integral part of Ukrainian proverbs, sentences and phrases, is found in the collection of M. Nomis, the Phraseological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language and in the 11- volume Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language. It has been established that in addition to the ethnonym itself, the paremias include the sayings-markers that are typical for the mentioned nationality, and can be described as peculiar intertextemes in paremia microtext (for example: Achkhavere pid cherevere - expression, which, in the opinion of Ukrainians, Gypsies use to evade horses). The semantic field of the name tsyhan (Gypsy) includes its derivatives, in particular, the abstract noun tsyhanstvo (Gypsyism) and the adjective tsyhanskyi (Gypsy) (eg: Have your tsyhanstvo (Gypsyism) and gentlefolk, the black horse, and also a whip, and Gypsy sun). The analysed ethnonym, functioning in the Ukrainian Paremia Fund, not only implements its lexical semantics, but also actualizes a number of connotative semes. Linguistic-cultural connotations, selected by the method of component analysis through the study of the internal form (according to O. Potebnya) of stable phrases, give an interesting picture of stereotyped perception among Ukrainians of differential mental, status, custom, and sometimes even physiological features of an ethnic group, with which our ancestors, for historical reasons, had very often to contact. Sometimes they, rather than dictionary lexical meaning, serve as a motivational base for a number of literary and dialectal derivatives (for example, to "wheedle, cheat", the gypsywoman is a "dark red colour apple", etc.)
Парфумерно-косметична термінологія української мови та її походження
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the perfumery-cosmetic subsystem of the Ukrainian language as a part of the scientific and technical terminology, which reflects the current state and conceptual apparatus of both spheres: perfumery and cosmetics. The development of the studied term info requires special attention on behalf of linguists. The concepts of perfumery, cosmetics, and cosmetology are verbalized in special terminology as a system of interdependent and interdependent elements, which is used in the process of special and mass communication. The purpose of the study is to establish the origin of the perfume and cosmetic terminology of the modern Ukrainian language. The collected material confirmed that in the terminology of perfumery and cosmetics nominations of praslaviс origin function. The original vocabulary, which amounts to 5.6% of the terms from the number of words we collected (without counting the derivational derivates), is inherited from the Indo-European lexical fund (water, salt), the Proto-Slavic language (perfume, soap, wax), and also as a result of contacts between East Slavic languages and own development of the Ukrainian language (foam, a candle, a sample, concealer, whitener). Borrowings dominate in the body frame of the terminology of cosmetic and perfumery means of the Ukrainian language (45.6% of the total number of terms studied by us), which is explained by the general trend tendency and the international character of the perfume and cosmetics industry. Etymological borrowed words are direct and mediated from Greek (aroma, cream), Latin (gel, concentrate), French (lipstick, cologne), English (spray, corrector, toniс) adapt to the phonetic, lexical and grammatical subsystems of the language. The prospect of further research is a comparative study of the lexico-semantic, structural and functional specifics of the perfumery-cosmetic terminology of the Ukrainian and other Slavic languages
REVIEW of T.V. Dubrovskaya, E.K. Reva, E.A. Kozhemyakin, Ya.F. Yaroslavtseva, D.V. Arekhina (2017). Political, legal and mass media discourse in terms of discursive construction of Russia’s international and interethnic relations. Moscow: Flinta: Nauka Publ, 248 pp. (In Russ.)
Get PDFREVIEW of T.V. Dubrovskaya, E.K. Reva, E.A. Kozhemyakin, Ya.F. Yaroslavtseva, D.V. Arekhina (2017). Political, legal and mass media discourse in terms of discursive construction of Russia’s international and interethnic relations. Moscow: Flinta: Nauka Publ, 248 pp. (In Russ.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “INDIA AND RUSSIA: CROSS-CULTURAL SYNERGY”, DELHI, INDIA, 22—23 FEBRUARY 2018
Get PDFA raport from international conference held in 2018 in Delhi
Признаки избыточности в падежной системе русского языка: трудности с усвоением окончаний и синкретизм падежных форм
Get PDFIn this article we analyze the function of case endings in the Russian language by means of two linguistic experiments. In the first one we aim to discover how well Russian speakers living in Finland (native speakers and non-natives highly proficient in the language) understand which case or number a word belongs to when the correct word form is homophonous with at least one other form. The second experiment seeks to answer the question of whether native Russian speakers need case endings to be able to distinguish syntactic connections between words. The results of the first experiment show that the category of number is more developed than the category of case in the perception of the native speakers, while the second experiment suggests that in the event of case syncretism other factors influence the identification of syntactic connections between the words in a sentence
СТРАТЕГИИ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ГЛАГОЛОВ, ВВОДЯЩИХ РЕЧЬ, В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РУССКИХ ПЕРЕВОДАХ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРОЗЫ
Get PDFThe research presented in the article focuses on the phenomenon of substituting reporting verbs that introduce direct speech (e.g. say) by words with emotive and evaluation meanings in Russian translations of fiction. The paper systematizes and describes grammatical, semantic and stylistic aspects of this phenomenon revealed in typology, studies of the Russian language, stylistics and translation studies up to nowadays. Two opposing views on the issue existing in Russian and European translation critics are presented in the paper: on the one hand, substitution of repeated reporting verbs by emotive ones helps to avoid tautology and monotonousness of the dialog frame, on the other hand, it interferes and distorts the semantics of the original. From the widespread linguocultural attitude, interpreting this issue as a domestication feature in translation, the author offers to shift to functional attitude, focusing on pragmatic effects of such substitutions. The material of the research is represented with the corpus of modern Russian translations of narratives for children. The results of the comparative analysis of texts and statistic data confirm that the substitution of reporting verbs by emotive words and nominations of gestures is regularly found in both domesticating and foreignizing translations, being connected mostly to the specific features of the target children audience and high emotiveness of the fragments where reporting verbs occur. These results enable us to adjust current estimations of the phenomenon in question in the translation assessment, adding functional view on its context and pragmatic effects
Прояви занепаду предківщини. Польська мова на Буковині: Румунія – Україна
Get PDFKsiążka jest jednym z efektów projektu „Mowa polska na Bukowinie Karpackiej. Dokumentacja zanikającego dziedzictwa narodowego”, realizowanego w latach 2015-2018. Książka składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza z nich poświęcona jest Polakom na Bukowinie, ich osadnictwu i rozwojowi ich społeczności, działalności organizacji polskich, konkretnym miejscowościom zamieszkanym obecnie przez Polaków. W drugiej dokonano nowatorskiej typologii gwar polskich na Bukowinie, podając ich charakterystykę gramatyczną, którą porównuje się z cechami gramatycznymi języka ogólnopolskiego. Drugi rozdział tej części opracowania dotyczy środowiska społecznego, w którym rozwijała się polska mowa, i uwarunkowań zewnętrznych oddziałujących na te procesy. Po raz pierwszy diagnozuje się w nim również przyczyny zachowania lub utraty ciągłości językowej w badanych miejscowościach na Bukowinie. W trzeciej części wymieniono procesy i zjawiska, które można dostrzec w sferze świętowania Polaków w cyklu rocznym. Przede wszystkim jednak przedstawiono obszerny wybór wypowiedzi rozmówców na ten temat, które pozwalają czytelnikowi nie tylko zapoznać się z tym aspektem kultury bukowińskich Polaków, ale też dokonać własnej jego analizy. Wszystkie części są bogato ilustrowane współczesnymi i archiwalnymi fotografiami, a dwie ostatnie zawierają również odnośniki do nagrań dźwiękowych z fragmentami wypowiedzi. Książka ta stanowi świadectwo kultury polskiej poza granicami kraju i przyczyni się do zachowania dla przyszłych pokoleń unikatowego dziedzictwa Polaków na Bukowinie.The volume “A testimony to a vanishing heritage. The Polish language of Bukovina: Romania - Ukraine” is a result of the research project entitled “The Polish speech in Carpathian Bukovina: A record of the vanishing national heritage”, conducted in 2015–2018. The book consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to Poles in Bukovina, their settling in the region, the development of their communities, the activities of Polish organizations, and characteristics of specific places inhabited by Poles today. The second part offers an innovative typology of Polish dialects in Bukovina, based on their grammatical features as compared to the features of standard Polish. The second chapter of this part deals with the social setting in which the local Polish speech developed and the external factors affecting these processes. It also presents a first-ever diagnosis of the reasons for retention or loss of language continuity in the studied localities in Bukovina. The third part of the book lists the processes and phenomena to be observed in the year-cycle festivities of Bukovinian Poles. Above all, however, it presents an extensive selection from statements by the interlocutors concerning this subject matter, thus allowing the reader to not only get to know this aspect of their culture but also carry out his or her own analysis. All the parts are richly illustrated with contemporary and archival photographs, the second and third parts also contain links to audio recordings of some of the statements. The book is a testimony to Polish culture outside Poland and a contribution to preserving for future generations the unique heritage of Bukovinian Poles.Praca naukowa finansowana w ramach programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego pod nazwą „Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki” w latach 2015–2018