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Туристические уведомления в контексте изучения языкового ландшафта и переводоведения
Get PDFIn the 21st century, even local tourist spots are globally accessible and need to be communicated in a globally shared language, a lingua franca (Ben-Rafael & Ben Rafael 2015). The language of most obvious choice among speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds is English. When translating notices in national parks into English, translators should predominantly consider the function of the TT (target text), the target audience (not exclusively L1 speakers of English but, the speakers of a variety of languacultures commu-nicating in English as lingua franca (ELF) and opt for translation solutions that would account for visitors representing a diversity of languacultures. The present paper aims at finding out what modifications in translation of visitors’ rules may be necessary if the target readership is to be considered, and at expli-cating the translation process through applying a transdisciplinary perspective of ELF studies, linguistic landscape (LL) studies, cross-field studies on conceptualization, translanguaging and translation studies. The study shows that these modifications affect the significance and hierarchy of the four principles operating in LL (presentation-of-self, power-relations, good reasons and collective-identity) and are projected into specific LL-tailored translation solutions (shifts in modality, lexis, style and discourse markers). The modifi-cations are achievable in ELF, which, as a form and function, a de-regionalized and de-culturalized artifact of global village, is capable of catering for a variety of languacultures with their specific societal conven-tions, practices, and the whole explicit and implicit axio-sphere
Why the Left Hemisphere Is Dominant for Speech Production: Connecting the Dots
Get PDFEvidence from seemingly disparate areas of speech/language research is reviewed to form a unified theoretical account for why the left hemisphere is specialized for speech production. Research findings from studies investigating hemispheric lateralization of infant babbling, the primacy of the syllable in phonological structure, rhyming performance in split-brain patients, rhyming ability and phonetic categorization in children diagnosed with developmental apraxia of speech, rules governing exchange errors in spoonerisms, organizational principles of neocortical control of learned motor behaviors, and multi-electrode recordings of human neuronal responses to speech sounds are described and common threads highlighted. It is suggested that the emergence, in developmental neurogenesis, of a hard-wired, syllabically-organized, neural substrate representing the phonemic sound elements of one’s language, particularly the vocalic nucleus, is the crucial factor underlying the left hemisphere’s dominance for speech production
Прагматика гасел у пресі підрадянської України
No full textThe article is devoted to functioning and pragmatic load of the slogans in the Soviet Ukrainian press. The most widespread groups of slogans for their illocutive purpose are constatives, directives, commisives. The author proposed a new kind of slogans – glorivicatives, the purpose of which was the expression of favour of the authorities and glorifi cation. It has been defi ned that a very large spectrum of the multidirected slogans addressed to different groups of recipients enhanced the role of the slogans as manifestations of the language of power
БАЦЕВИЧ Ф., ЧАСТКИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ДИСКУРСИВНІ СЛОВА, Львів: ПАЇС, 2014, 288 с.
No full textA review of book БАЦЕВИЧ Ф., ЧАСТКИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ДИСКУРСИВНІ СЛОВА, Львів: ПАЇС, 2014, 288 с
Соціолінгвістичний аспект морфонології
Get PDFThe article deals with the influence of extra linguistic factors on the functioning of morphonological phenomena. It was found that the regularity of the corresponding changes in the phonemes in the speech of representatives of different social groups depends not only on the level of knowledge in the Ukrainian language, but also on the conditions of communication. The attention is paid to psycholinguistic peculiarities of perception alternation of phonemes. Particular attention is paid to the question of the effect of spelling on morphonological phenomena in the language system and in official and public speech. The main attention is paid to the sociolinguistic aspect of morphonological variation in personal names of people. Among the various extra linguistic factors that determine the communicative situation, the social conditions of communication, the official or informal relationships of participants in the communicative act, their social and psychological characteristics are important for the functioning of morphonological phenomena
«Чувственный образ бесконечности»: интерсемиотический перевод русской классики для зарубежной аудитории
Get PDFThe article is a continuation of the author’s cycle of works devoted to foreign cinematographic and stage adaptations of Russian classical literature for foreign audiences. The research material includes 17 American, European, Chinese, Indian, Japanese fiction films and TV series, one Broadway musical and 9 Russian films and TV series used for comparison. The paper analyses different theoretical approaches to intersemiotic translation, ‘de-centering of language’ as a modern tendency and intersemiotic translation of literary works in the context of intercultural communication. Key decisions about the interpretation of original texts are made by directors and their teams guided by at least three goals: commercial, creative and ideological. Intersemiotic translation makes use of such strategies as foreignization, domestication and universalization. The resignifying of a literary text by means of the cinematographic semiotic system is connected with such transformations as: a) reduction — omission of parts of the original; b) extension — addition, filling in the blanks, and signifying the unsaid; c) reinterpretation — modification or remodeling of the original in accordance with the director’s creative ideas. A challenge and at the same time one of the key points of intersemiotic translation is a difficult choice between the loyalty to the original, comprehensibility for the target audience and freedom of creativity. The research shows that transformations and use of differenttranslation strategies can have both positive and negative consequences. Positive outcomes include: visualiza-tion and comprehension of the Russian cultural space; adaptation of Russian experiences for the target culture; retranslation of universal values expressed by the original. Negative consequences result in: the distortion of the original due to insufficient cultural literacy; purposeful deformation of cultural meanings for ideological reasons; erroneous interpretation of the literary text; deformation of the original macro-meaning; preservation of the plot, but loss of the in-depth meaning of the original text. Any degree of creative freedom still requires intercultural competence and a careful choice of semiotic signs aimed at expressing the key ideas of the original
O koncepcji „Leksykonu aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej”
Get PDFThe article discusses the concept behind the The dictionary of active Bulgarian and Polish phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej]. The authors outline the theoretical underpinnings of this project, touching on the issue of interlingual equivalence, and explain the process of selecting and verifying phraseological material and the methodology of presenting lexicographical information in the dictionary. The article includes various examples of active phraseological units from both languages
Are there Analytical Adjectives in Russian? Evidence from a Corpus Study and Experimental Data
Get PDFIn the scholarly literature there has been a discussion on whether modern Russian is developing more analytical tendencies, with special attention to new nominal compounds such as VIP-zal 'VIP lounge', veb- stranica ‘web page’. Traditionally, such units are described in terms of “analytical adjectives”, which covers all nominal non-inflectional units related to a head noun (Panov 1960, 1971). The data analyzed in this article suggest that what has previously been described as “analytical adjectives” constitutes at least three different patterns: 1) nominal [N[N]] compounds that roughly represent two groups: type (a) where the first component (modifier) should be a loan word (units like internet, veb, top, etc., the head noun of such compounds can be of Russian origin); type (b) where the second component (head noun) tends to be a loan word, whereas the modifier can be of Russian origin (this type is characteristic of names and titles like Gorbačev-fond ‘The Gorbachev foundation’) 2) appositions that mostly include abbreviations and names of styles and can be used both pre-positionally and post-positionally to the head noun (units like VIP); 3) a contracted pattern (potential stump compounds, or blends, like internacional-sem’ja from the inflectional adjective internacional’nyj ‘international’ and the noun semja ‘family’). The third pattern was productive in Soviet discourse (cf. zapčasti from zap[asnyje] ‘replacement’ časti ‘parts’) and seems to be regaining productivity. The presence of these three patterns affects not only the system of Russian word-formation but also the Russian grammatical system in general, since it evokes various intermediate cases between adjectives and compounding elements. We present a very general overview of the aforementioned patterns based on the data from a corpus study, an Internet study and a linguistic experiment
“Diatriba de Europaeorum linguis” by Joseph Justus Scaliger and the Church Slavonic Translation of the 17th century
Get PDFThe article contains a linguistic analysis of the Church Slavonic translation of a short fragment of one of the chapters from the Latin-language geographical atlas compiled by the Dutch cartographers Willem and Joan Blaeu in the first half of the 17th century. The fragment we’re interested in is the Diatriba de Europaeorum linguis (Diatribe on the Languages of the Europeans) by Joseph Justus Scaliger, written in 1599 and published in 1610. Joan and Willem Blaeu include the complete text in their chapter on Europe. The translation of the first part of the Atlas, which contained this chapter, was carried out by Epiphanius Slavinetsky in 1650s in Moscow, and is preserved in the author’s draft, as well as in the clean copy made by a Moscow scribe, both of which are located today in the State Historical Museum manuscript collection. The language of this translation provides a vivid example of the “scholarly” register of Church Slavonic, which was developing at the time, indeed, amongst Slavinetsky’s circle of companions. The article is mainly concerned with the lexical structure of the translation; creation of new words, expanding meanings of lexemes and use of rare Church Slavonic words are characteristic for the Atlas’ translation as a whole, and they have been found in the analysed fragment in particular. We are also inspecting some graphical and orthographic specifics of the translation, mainly the ways of interpreting personal names, which are fairly frequent in a geographical text. The article includes the full text of Scaliger’s Diatribe according to the 1645 edition of the Blaeu’s Atlas, with marked differences from the original edition of 1610, as well as Slavinetsky’s Church Slavonic translation according to the manuscript kept in the State Historical Museum (Moscow)
Типизированные лексические паттерны в русских инструкциях по применению лекарственных препаратов: корпусное исследование
Get PDFThis methodologically-oriented corpus-driven study focuses on distinctive patterns of language use in a spe-cialized text type, namely Russian patient information leaflets. The study’s main goal is to identify keywords and recurrent sequences of words that account for the leaflets’ formulaicity, and — as a secondary goal — to describe their discoursal functions. The keywords were identified using three methods (G2, Hedges’ g and Neozeta) and the overlap between the three metrics was explored. The overlapping keywords were qualitatively analyzed in terms of discoursal functions. As for the distinctive multi-word patterns, we focused on recurrent n-grams with the largest coverage in the corpus: these were identified using the Formu-lex method (Forsyth, 2015b), which provides complementary data with respect to more conservative n-gram and lexical bundles approaches. The results revealed that the most distinctive keywords were identified using Hedges’ g metric, that the largest overlap occurred between G2 and Neozeta metrics, and that the frequent use and discoursal functions of the identified lexical patterns correspond with situational contexts and communicative purposes of patient information leaflets. It is hoped that this study will provide an opportunity for a methodological reflection and inspire further corpus-driven research on distinctive recurrent lexical patterns (e.g., keywords, n-grams, lexical bundles) or — more generally — on formulaic language in texts originally written in Russian