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Українські прізвища з колоративною основою як матеріал для реалізації етнолінгвістичного підходу до вивчення мовних явищ
Get PDFThe proposed article deals with the use of color names and their foundations in the function of anthroponyms. The ethno-uniqueness of the Ukrainian surnames is that, having emerged under the influence of certain conditions, anthroponomists embody specific information about the material and spiritual life of a particular nation, directly or indirectly represent the role played by a person in society, reflecting its physical characteristics and moral qualities, demonstrating the sub The human person's relation to man and man to the world. By accumulating the material, cultural, historical experience of the social environment, anthroponyms serve as a kind of encyclopedia of folk life. As a result of the research, it was established that modern Ukrainian surnames, motivated by the names of colors, presented by the anthropological foundations, are both actually Ukrainian and borrowed formations. Such nominations represent a large volume and a very varied structure and meaning of the lexical layer of the Ukrainian language, which is characterized by historically determined specific features. Dominant in the creation of Ukrainian surnames are the designation of white, black, red (and its shades), gray (and its shades) and green colors. Limited number of surnames, which include peripheral names of colors, indicates that most of their names were formed at that stage of development of society, when the natural, pure dyes prevailed
“Quid est Veritas?” Наталени Королевої: комунікативні стратегії та прагматика тексту
Get PDFDealing with the novel “Quid est Veritas?” by Natalena Koroleva, the article studies the communicative space of the work, namely, its extratextual, intratextual and intertextual levels. By means of characters of the novel N. Koroleva raises the questions about the essence of truth and person’s approaching to God, about complicated laws of interaction between life and death, light and darkness, temporal and eternal love, faith and fear, depriving of the inner core. Consequently, the novel proposes the dialogue of consciousnesses which represent different ways of approaching to the truth. The author does not place final accents on philosophical questions, but reserves her right of authoritative voice on the paratextual level. She appeals to the results of her own researches and biographical facts in the preface and notes to the work in order to prove authenticity of represented events and phenomena
Морфологическая производность
Get PDFIn this paper, I take as my starting point traditional study of word-formation, i.e. word pairs like sad – sadness, bake – baker, where the members are connected formally as well as semantically. Besides, there is a difference in complexity, based on which each pair is ordered, directional.
However, this traditional approach is changed in such a way that the analysis is based entirely on valency properties and semantic relationship is restricted to that of equivalence. So instead of analysing pairs like staryj (‘old’) – starik (‘old man’) I prefer equivalent pairs like staryj muščina (old + man) – starik.
The investigation is carried through not only on the word level, but also on the phrase and sentence levels, including (as in the example just given) pairs where the members belong to different levels.
Special attention is paid to pairs where the secondary member contains a copula, for example Mašinu vel Ivan (‘The car was driven by Ivan) – Voditelem mašiny byl Ivan (‘The driver of the car was Ivan’)
Метафора в біологічній терміносистемі (українсько-польські паралелі)
No full textThe article focuses on the analysis of metaphor as a way of creating terms in a biological terminology. Тhe role of the metaphor in creation the scientifi c picture of the world of the Ukrainian and Polish languages has been described. It has been found out which associations became the basis of a metaphorical transfer
Концептуалізація елементів матеріальної культури в лінгвокультурологічному вимірі
Get PDFThe author gives the semantic analysis of the real culture code dominated by the principles of anthropocentrism, community-centeredness and onomasiological basis selectivity. The material used for the study are the dictionaries of idioms, thesaurus, proverbs and sayings collections as well as English enigmatic folklore discourse. This approach provides a description of key phraseological and thematic unit clusters associated with weaving (raw material, loom, its parts, products, etc.) in English, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian language world cultures based on some modern techniques in the sphere phraseological theory and linguistics
Russian, Swedish, and Finnish adpositions meaning ‘under’ and ‘over’ in temporal constructions
No full textIn Russian, Swedish, and Finnish, adpositions with partly overlapping spatial meanings of ‘under’ and ‘over’ / ‘across’ are used with different temporal meanings, which, from a cognitive linguistic point of view, can be interpreted as evidence for different conceptualizations in these languages. In Russian and Finnish the adpositions meaning ‘under’ are used in the temporal meaning ‘just before’ while in Swedish the adposition has the temporal meaning ‘during’. In Swedish and Finnish the temporal meaning for ‘over’ is ‘throughout the whole period of time’, while in Russian it is ‘after a certain period of time’ or ‘every second’. These constructions and the limitations of their use are described for Russian, while very few studies exist for Swedish and Finnish. In our study, we use corpus and Internet data to investigate what types of lexicalized temporal units are allowed in the temporal constructions under investigation
Роль семантики спонукального дієслова у “проханні-вимозі” (зіставний аналіз даних експерименту в українській та японській мовах)
Get PDFThis paper is focused on the analysis of the directness of requests in relation to the semantics of the verb chosen by speakers of the Ukrainian and Japanese languages to name an action of the addressee. Studies of the directive speech acts reveal a wide use of the imperative mood in Slavic languages in general, and specifically in Ukrainian as well. Though complementary strategies are pointed out to mitigate directness, especially such as the use an equivalent of ‘please’ or diminutives, however there is a still possibility for further approaches to mitigate directives with the imperative mode. On the contrary, Japanese is a language in which requests are expressed mostly indirectly. The aim of this article is to detect if there are certain divergences between Ukrainian and Japanese speakers in determination which verbs they use to name an action of the addressee and as well as how the meanings of such verbs are related to the directness or indirectness of the speech act. The data was collected from 37 native speakers of each language by the method of a discourse completion task. Participants were offered the same communicative situation (to ask the classmate to close a box which he or she left inadvertently opened). This communicative situation lies between request and demand, which may result in mitigation of the directness
Компаративні конструкції як вербалізатори концептів учитель та учень (на матеріалі творів Івана Франка та Чарльза Діккенса)
No full textThe article explores the explications of the TEACHER and STUDENT concepts based on the analysis of similes in the works of Ivan Franko and Charles Dickens. Terminological apparatus for the analysis of similes are model images, donor and recipient spheres. The universal and ethno-cultural components of the Ukrainian and British linguocultures are singled out based on the comparison of similes
Ономастика в дзеркалі українсько-словацької комунікації
Get PDFThe transformation of the onomastic categories in the process of their development has led to the asymmetry of the Slovak and Ukrainian anthroposystems and caused problems in their transposition, which are manifested in the inconsistency of translation. Due to the improper transfer of anthroponym, its carrier may encounter serious problems in the legal context, so when translating its own names one must be especially careful. The proper name is an extremely important link in intercultural communication. Unfortunately, sometimes the proper names of citizens of other countries are transposed without respect to both anthroponyms and their bearers. The current Ukrainian spelling predominantly regulates the transmission of Russian onyms, while other Slavic languages remain out of sight
Menology of the Jerusalem Typicon in the Russian Manuscripts of the XV Century: The Early Formation and Development of the Repertoire of the Commemorations of Saints
Get PDFThis work examines the development of the repertoire of the commemorations of saints contained in the Мenologies of the Jerusalem Typicon. There were two different recensions spread in the Russian manuscripts, both related to the same South Slavic translation of the Sabbas Typicon. The study is based on 75 Russian manuscripts of the Jerusalem Typicon dated from 15th to the 17th century. Based on comparison with the basic South Slavic version, the author has discovered the Older type of Menologies, seen in both recensions and containing the smallest number of additional commemorations compared to the early South Slavic manuscripts. It was established that the Older type does not go back directly to the South Slavic translation, instead being derived from the Invariant recension common to all Menologies of this type