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The study of Ukrainian and German lexical parallels in dictionary format
No full textThe article presents the lexicographical description of lexical parallels – formally similar words in two languages which are semantically similar or not – for Contemporary Ukrainian and German. In addition, the authors revise the concepts of crosslinguistic homonyms and synonyms
Методологічні принципи укладання галузевого термінологічного словника
No full textThe problems of compiling a branch terminology dictionary have been considered in the article. The methodological principles of the dictionary compiling – the systematic and multi-level reflection of the branch terminology as a conceptual unity and combining the lexicographic description of the branch terms have been determined and described. The macrostructural and microstructural parameters of the branch terminology dictionary have been developed
Food and Axiology According to Two Texts in the 16th century Moldavian miscellany Ms.Slav. BAR 649
Get PDFThe article focuses on two dietary calendars with pseudo-attribution to Tsar Solomon in the 16th-century Moldavian Tulcea Miscellanyfrom the Library of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. Their original text in Old Cyrillic is reproduced for the first time. The author sets the task to reveal the semantics of food prescriptions as a manifestation of the axiological criteria of the medieval man, influenced by medical, naturally scientific, predictive, daily knowledge and practices, as well as to trace the language peculiarities and functionality of the texts. An important issue is how the texts’ genre and themes fit into the mixed-content miscellanies of a type of monastic encyclopedias. Therefore, their genre specificity is discussed, with particular attention to the attitude towards food. This attitude appears to be an amalgam of ancient medical and medieval rational concepts, which, unlike other texts, are not guided by the norms of the Christian worship or fast. A hypothesis is made about the principles of the compilation in the miscellany and the role of the anthroponym Solomon as a linking element in different parts of it. The establishing of a local Moldavian type mixed-content miscellanies to which BAR649 belongs, allows to clarify how remarkable works of the Middle Bulgarian literature were kept and how the culture of miscellanies, typical for the Balkans in the 14th–15th centuries, was inherited and continued.
DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.2.
The Poetic Phraseology of Pushkin’s translation “From A. Chénier”: Sources and Contexts
Get PDFThis article extensively explores the poetic language of Pushkin’s poem From A. Chénier («The cover, soaked by caustic blood…»), which is a translation of A. Chénier’s eclogue «Œta, mont ennobli par cette nuit ardente…». The differences between plots, images and lexical-semantic components of the original text and the translation constitute the material for verification, revision and expansion of currently known literary sources and contexts of Pushkin’s poem. Philological and literary analysis shows that Pushkin’s translation novelties are not rooted directly in antique sources, as previously alleged, but stem from their French translations or more or less distant literary adaptations that Pushkin read and knew well (the list includes A. Banier’s prosaic translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses and the 15th book of Fénelon’s The Adventures of Telemaque). The article also demonstrates close genetic and typological links between the poetic language of Pushkin’s translation and a range of contemporary literary images and poetic “formulas” that were traditionally used for depicting excruciating amorous passion and battle frenzy. The complicated palimpsest of allusions links Pushkin’s translation in the first case to the 3rd book of Virgil’s Georgics, Thomson’s Seasons and, in a broader context, to the elegiac topos of “amorous folly” (see Chénier’s «Hier, en te quittant, enivré de tes charmes…» and Pushkin’s To a Dreamer), and in the second case — to I. I. Dmitriev’s poem Ermak. Emphasizing the diversity of stylistic and semantic grounds for the translator’s choice of phraseological toolkit, the article regards Pushkin’s text as one of the multiple literary representations of poetic topoi typical for the first third of the 19th century
Dwa sposoby wartościowania baby w przysłowiu Gdzie diabeł nie może, tam babę pośle
Get PDFThe article attempts to show how the proverb Gdzie diabeł nie moze, tam babe posle, lit. ‘Where the devil does not dare, he’ll send a woman’ [When the going gets tough, the tough get going], functions in the intertextual space of contemporary Polish public discourse. The history of the proverb is presented, along with its explanations and the stereotypes of the devil and the woman. It is then shown what modal formulae and genological qualifiers are used with the proverb in order to increase its persuasive potential, what position it holds when it is used in argumentation, in implication or in opposition. Conclusions are more general: the functioning of the proverb in discourse illustrates the distancing of paremic derivatives from their bases, as a result of which they lose their constitutive paremic features and turn into examples. The case on hand also involves axiological conversion: the woman in the proverb was first evaluated negatively (she is worse than the devil in her harmful actions), now her image is positive (she does something good against the devil). The proverb functions as praise of someone who has defeated the devil in overcoming difficulties
Память народно-культурной традиции в современном ритуальном дискурсе
Get PDFMemory belongs to the most frequently used concepts in contemporary Russian and Bulgarian discourses. It is treated as the highest individual and collective value, an inalienable feature of the society’s humanistic, intellectual, and spiritual development. Special attention is paid to research on folklore and ethnography, with a focus on the processes in which the memory of folk tradition is viewed as a sociocultural value. Data from Russian and Bulgarian culture have been carefully examined to discover the reasons why memory comes in variants and why facts in the process of revitalization are treated selectively. Cyclic annual rituals and those commemorating the deceased have been analysed to discover the basic models of actualizing folk memory (modification of old and emergence of new traditions) and shed light on the commercial aspect of memory (tourist attractions, shows, and performances)
Żart jako próba przełamywania stereotypu niepełnosprawności
Get PDFThe article deals with the role of jokes in the changing of stereotypes of people with disabilities. The analysis is based on verbal jokes and memes collected online, disseminated by the disabled themselves – therefore, they are not malicious but closer to what Kleiner called a well-meaning and loving laughter. They help build a community and at the same time allow people from outside of it to cope with their fear of otherness, to reconstruct their stereotype of the disabled. This is achieved by activating contradictory conceptual frames, a mechanism that evokes a comical effect, relieving the tension that arises in contact with the different and the unknown. One of the frames is the stereotype of the disabled person, marked with Goffman’s stigma, which downplays all their features except their visible disability: the person is viewed as someone on a wheelchair, without a hand, etc. The inclusion of a person in the category “disabled” activates a stereotypical, culturally grounded knowledge – incorrect but providing a sense of security. The features stereotypically attributed by Poles to disabled people are discussed with reference to sociological research. A safe laughter at the Other facilitates a change of cognitive schemata, and as a result can change the stigma of disability prevalent in Polish society
Pamięć historii w stereotypach etnicznych (na przykładach Tatara, Kozaka, Szweda i Turka)
Get PDFThe study proposes an analysis of selected ethnic stereotypes (of Tartars, Cossacks, Swedes, and Turks) couched within the framework of Jerzy Bartminski’s cognitive definition. The analysis is based on data from dictionaries of standard and dialectal Polish, texts of folklore and records of beliefs. A reconstruction of images of foreign invaders makes it possible to capture and verify the parameters of memory identified by Wojciech Chlebda. The holder of memory, in the light of the data analysed, is the guardian of Polish history, a Catholic Pole who trusts in the protection of Virgin Mary and relates the events from a distance (but with a considerable degree of engagement and sympathy). The content of memory are the relations between Poles and other nations. It is characterised by, among others, a-historicity, simplification, fantasising, sporadic reference to facts, people, and places. History functions as the background for presenting the canon of one’s values and assessment of events. The aim and function of memory is also discussed: accounts of invasions facilitated integration, helped identify “us” and “them”, or develop attitudes towards the invaders
Wartości w językowo-kulturowym obrazie świata Słowian i ich sąsiadów. 6, Jedność w różnorodności. Wokół słowiańskiej aksjosfery.
No full textWieloautorska monografia stanowi pokłosie konferencji naukowej "Jedność w różnorodności". Wokół słowiańskiej aksjosfery. EUROJOS XIV", która odbyła się w dniach 11-13 września 2018 w Nałęczowie. Organizatorami byli Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Filologii Polskiej Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej oraz Fundacja Slawistyczna. Tom ten wpisuje się w tradycje badań językoznawczych nad wartościami Słowian i ich bliższych lub dalszych sąsiadów, prezentując cząstkowe efekty analiz, które wraz z wcześniejszymi studiami zamieszczonymi w poprzednich tomach serii "Wartości w językowym obrazie świata Słowian i ich sąsiadów" złożą się na pełen obraz badanego konceptu w "Leksykonie aksjologicznym Słowian i ich sąsiadów".The monograph is the result of the scientific conference "Unity in diversity". On the issues of Slavic axiosphere. EUROJOS XIV ", which took place on September 11-13, 2018 in Nałęczów. The organizers were the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Polish Philology at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University and the Slavic Foundation. This multi-author volume is part of the traditions of linguistic research on the values of Slavs and their close or distant neighbors, presenting the partial effects of analysis, which, together with earlier studies published in the previous volumes of the series "Values in the linguistic wordview of the Slavs and their neighbors" will form the full picture of the concept under study in "The Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and Their Neighbors".Publikacja powstała w ramach zadania "Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa: Jedność w różnorodności. Wokół słowiańskiej aksjosfery. EUROJOS XIV (11-13 września 2018) - finansowanego w ramach umowy 800/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.Druk finansowany przez Instytut Filologii Polskiej UMC
Word-building and motivational features of English official hipponyms
Get PDFThis article is devoted to the peculiarities of the word-building and motivation of the official hipponymicon of the English language. The investigation sets out various characteristics of horse names, which clearly distinguish them from other onymic categories, in particular: there is a vast difference between the official and nonofficial nomination; official hipponyms is the most systematic and unified category among other zoonyms; there are no horse names which are of high frequency in official nomination; the system of hipponyms is multifaceted and horse names engage all word-building devices in their formation; nominal hipponyms are formed without any objective motive and constitute part of the official hipponymicon; wordplay facilitates the creation of nominal hipponyms. Official hipponymicon of the English language as an onomastic subcategory is unstable and is constantly updated. The reasons for the owners to create special names are extra-linguistic – new names are invented to avoid repetitions, since denotational uniqueness is a regulated policy. Horse names engage all word-building devices in their formation: affixation, shortening, abbreviation, compounding, syntactic constructions, occasionalisms and borrowings, as well as onimisation and transonimisation. The survey shows that a large amount of the analysed hipponyms are occasionalisms. They serve as a flexible tool for horse naming in a situation where there is a constant need for the expansion of the hipponymicon. The official hipponymicon reflect newly coined words and realias which appear in the English language. The author claims, that horse names can no more be considered peripheral items in the English naming system