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On the origin of the epithet “Logothetes” used by Pachomius the Serb
Full text linkThe article presents the results of the search regarding the epithet Logothetes used with the name of the renowned fifteenth-century hagiographer and hymnographer Pachomius the Serb in texts stating his authorship, his signatures, and acrostics found in his works or texts that he copied. The data show that Pachomius used this epithet only in signing his early works — the Panegyric of Barlaam of Khutyn and two canons of the Service for the icon of Our Lady of the Sign, all composed at the end of the 1430s in Novgorod. This makes unlikely the previously suggested connection of this epithet with Pachomius’s fame as a writer or his work as a chronicler. The most plausible interpretation is that it designated some office held by Pachomius, as proposed by A. Turilov. However, the time when and the place where these works were composed suggest that it might not be an office in the service of the Patriarch Nikon of Peć in Serbia, but some office at the service of the Archbishop of Novgorod Euthymius II or the Metropolitan of Kiev Isidore. The hypothesis of Pachomius’s connection with Isidore allows us to explain how he made the acquaintance of Euthymius II and received commissions from him to write texts for the important Novgorodian religious feasts, and also the dropping of this epithet later on. The article is supplemented by tables presenting all currently known Pachomius’s signatures and acrostics and examples of signatures found in texts attributed to Pachomius but not known in author’s manuscripts
The speaking subject in Jerzy Bartmiński’s Linguistic Worldview Program: A Cognitive Grammar perspective
Full text linkThe paper examines the concept of the speaking subject, the key term of Jerzy Bartminski’s Linguistic Worldview Program (LWP), from the point of view of Ronald Langacker’s theory of Cognitive Grammar. We propose to characterize the dynamic, open nature of Bartminski’s speaking subject in terms of Langacker’s notion of conceptualizer, a hybrid category consisting of the speaker and the hearer, between whom the discursive negotiation of meaning takes place. It is assumed that the model applies to all types of discursive interaction involving all kinds of spoken and written discourse, including literary works. In order to be able to account for the meaning negotiation process in discourse, we propose to use Ronald Langacker’s theory of the Current Discourse Space (CDS) combined with the Storyworld Possible Self model (SPS) as developed by María-Ángeles Martínez in her analysis of literary texts
Tradycja i pamięć językowa uśpiona, pielęgnowana i ożywiana. Pytania o źródła polskiej tożsamości kulturowej
Full text linkTradition is understood here in the cultural sense (following Kazimierz Dobrowolski) as “the heritage that older generations pass on to younger ones”, regardless of whether the process is conscious or not and to what extent. By confronting data from contemporary Polish with data from its earlier stages (excerpted from the work of Lehr-Spławinski, Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, Gołab, Rzetelska-Feleszko and others), the author identifies various linguistic and cultural spheres, sources of the cultural heritage, linked to the lexical and conceptual system of contemporary Poles in a variety of ways. Those include: the Slavic sphere, the Indo-European sphere (the weakest in terms of memory), the Ancient Greek-Roman and Judeo-Christian spheres, the Western-European sphere, which modified and enriched the Ancient and Christian traditions. The Polish of the 20th c. also draws from the tradition of the landed gentry and from folk tradition (including peasantry). Links with specific spheres are documented with lexical examples, both common and proper nouns (given names, family names). This kind of “stratigraphic” approach reveals layers of contemporary Polish and the multiplicity of stages in the development of Polish national culture
Językowe obrazy PRZYJAŹNI w języku duńskim
Full text linkThe article aims to describe two images or views of friendship in Danish. The data, excerpted from dictionaries (lexical definitions, synonyms, antonyms, hyperonyms, derivatives, and compounds) and from the National Corpus of Danish, show that there exist two parallel images of friendship in the language: one is connected with a more traditional understanding of friendship as a strong and close bond, the other is based on the idea of many acquaintances/friends. Corpus data suggest that it is the other, more recent image of friendship that is now most frequently evoked by speakers of Danish, although the traditional view is still present in their consciousness. This conclusion is corroborated by an analysis of the word ven, the main lexical exponent of the cultural concept being investigated
Stereotyp warszawiaka we współczesnym języku polskim
Full text linkThe article aims to reconstruct the stereotype of warszawiak ‘resident of Warsaw’ in contemporary Polish. The analysis is based on three kinds of data: systemic, from questionnaires, and textual. Definitions of the lexeme warszawiak are surveyed, beginning with Samuel Linde’s Słownik języka polskiego; this is supplemented with a consideration of the lexeme’s selected derivatives. The main basis of experimental research is the questionnaire conducted in three sections of Warsaw’s student populace. Four questions were asked in the questionnaire: about the features of a typical warszawiak, a true warszawiak, about objects (artifacts) characteristic of the person, and collocations of the adjective warszawski ‘of, relating to Warsaw’. Two textual sources were also used: the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) and comments to online publications about Warsaw. The stereotype that has been reconstructed appears to be coherent and relatively stable. Especially two features attributed to warszawiacy ‘residents of Warsaw’ are rather resistant to change: conceit (whose basis is one’s location or origin) and artfulness. However, the stereotype also contains new components, mainly neutral ones, such as a rushed lifestyle, modernity, and focus on individual development. The most negative picture of warszawiak is the one that emerges from online comments; the most positive one emerges from responses to the question about the true warszawiak. Within the stereotype there is also internal classification of warszawiacy ‘residents of Warsaw’ with regard to the birthplace and family background
Ludowe nazwy ziół w polskim językowym obrazie świata
Full text linkThe article deals with folk names of herbs, analysed within the framework of linguistic worldview reconstruction. The author begins by referring to the general assumptions of Brent Berlin’s folk taxonomy of plants, which in her opinion can also be applied to Polish herb names. She then points out that the names entrenched in folk tradition must be distinguished from botanical, scientific names, sometimes mechanically transferred from sources in other languages. However, she makes a distinction between borrowed and assimilated names. The quantitative richness of herb names points to their high practical and cultural rank among country dwellers, but this richness (through word-formational and etymological analysis) can be reduced to a few onomasiological bases: names derived from the plant’s appearance and physical properties, the time and place of growing, or its use and cultural context (beliefs). In word-formational analysis what matters is not only the base but also affixes, which point to word-formational categories, such as names of “feature bearers” or “activities”. It is claimed that the word-formational analysis itself is insufficient and must be supported by linguistic and co-linguistic evidence
Отражение на културни компоненти във фразеологичните единици
Full text linkThis article focuses on the basic tasks of linguistic research, with particular emphasis on contrastive phraseological linguocultural studies. The author presents one of the possible classifications of phraseological units which reflect various manifestations of culture. Examples from Polish, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Russian, Spanish and Italian are presented. As the conceptual nature of phraseological images makes them “operators” or “cells” of cultural memory, special attention has been paid to phraseological culturemes (phraseoculturemes) as devices of coding cultural content that reveal a particular picture of the world and the specific worldview of a cultural community and are linked to cultural codes. Starting from the concept of “cultural memory”, the author demonstrates that the phraseological meaning is a complex semantic and conceptual formation that is able to reflect different historical modes of acquiring knowledge about the world, and thus preserves particular types of cultural information. The main idea of the article is the assumption that contrastive linguocultural studies in the field of phraseology make it possible to identify discrepancies in the process of semiosis across linguistic communities and to explain national differences captured in the imagery of phraseological units
Дихотомія “смисл–текст” в екстраполяції на мотив як лінгвістичну текстову категорію
Full text linkThe phenomenon of motive as an aspect of psychological category of a deed has been pointed out. Linguistic radical of motive understanding has been outlined, its relevance for textual linguistics has been substantiated. The connection of motive with the textual category “a man/human” and the sphere of textual senses has been observed. Motive has been presented as anthropic, value determined linguistic semantic and pragmatic textual category which is developed in the deep structure of the text where it is defined as the category of the viewpoint, and subordinates the category of modus, thus showing its essential features related to the conscious and unconscious inner states which urge to being active and provide realization of personal senses of the author (the narrator) and the characters. Value sense has been defined as the foundation feature of linguistic category of motive on the basis of the correlation between value-directed senses within the outlook and textual communicative senses. The principles of motive structure organization have been characterized, which, in its turn, agrees with the dynamics of modus plans of the text in the aspect of realization of invariant model “perceptive modus → emotive modus → mental modus → will modus”. Lingual signals of motive structure implanting into the semantic space and language markers of the motive activation have been revealed. The opposition of apriority and aposteriority motives has been outlined. The mechanism of development of aposteriority motive in its relation to apriority motive has been reproduced; the specificity of aposteriority motive structure has been highlighted. The relevance of aposteriority motive for the development of new shades of textual senses and enrichment of the basic value-directed sense has been defined. The point of view about apriority and aposteriority motives in respect to phase defining of the existential interaction of the subject with senses has been formulated
Гештальтний різновид асоціативно-метафоричної мотивації науково-технічних аналітичних термінів
No full textThe article focuses on the specifi city of the scientific-technical analytic terms due to the cognitive mechanisms of their creation. It has been ascertained the gestalt type of terminological units’ associative-metaphorical motivation makes the motivators’ selection possibility, denoting the scientifi c-technical objects after the visual images (gestalts). The fact the dominant donor zones supply its sign resources to the scientific-technical terminology has been proved in succession
