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Про деякі дієслова та віддієслівні похідники в науково-технічній термінології
Full text linkVerbs with identical roots and different affixes in modern Ukrainian scientific and technical terminology have been considered in the article. The author has pointed out that it is impropriate to use a verb with postfix -ся if a shorter name that is a verb without postfixes exists in the literary language. In modern Ukrainian scientific and technical terminology calques of Russian passive and qualitative verbs with postfix -ся have been used with such purpose. At the same time shorter name of this process that is a verb of zero voice without postfix can be used
Die Mundarten Ostmasurens im 19. Jahrhundert (auf der Grundlage von Georg Wenkers Fragebögen zum Deutschen Sprachatlas)
No full textPrzedmiotem omówienia są ankiety do Niemieckiego atlasu językowego, opracowane przez bibliotekarza pracującego w Marburgu – Georga Wenkera (1852–1911). Publikacja zawiera analizę językową tych ankiet (z 80 miejscowości) z terenu Mazur wschodnich – powiatów ełckiego, gołdapskiego, oleckiego. Choć ankiety służyły do eksploracji gwar niemieckich, to jednak udało się wskazać polskie cechy gwarowe, dzięki czemu było możliwe częściowe odtworzenie stanu gwar mazurskich w XIX wieku na terenie wysuniętym najdalej na wschód ówczesnych Prus Wschodnich. Ankiety to jedyny zbiór danych z tego czasu, dający szeroki ogląd gwar Mazur wschodnich, położonych na obszarze peryferycznym, przez długie lata znacznie oderwanym od polszczyzny ogólnej, mającym nikłe związki z polskim życiem kulturalnym i politycznym, na co dzień naznaczonym infiltracją języka niemieckiego.This book is devoted to the discussion of questionnaires for the German Linguistic Atlas (Deutscher Sprachatlas), designed by Georg Wenker (1852–1911), a librarian working in Marburg. The present study offers a linguistic analysis of replies to Wenker’s questionnaire collected in eighty locations in eastern Mazuria – the Ełk, Gołdap and Olecko districts. Although the questionnaire had been designed to explore German dialects, it was possible to identify Polish dialectal features and to conduct a partial reconstruction of the state of Mazurian dialects of Polish in the easternmost part of the historical province of East Prussia in the nineteenth century. Wenker’s survey material is a unique set of data from the period which provides a broad perspective on local dialects of eastern Mazuria, a peripheral area which had a limited contact with the general Polish language for a long time, did not have much connection with Polish cultural and political life, and was characterised by the penetration of the German language.Publikacja finansowana z subwencji na utrzymanie i rozwój potencjału badawczego Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk.This work was financed from a subvention for maintaining and developing the research potential of the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences
Słowotwórstwo w przestrzeni komunikacyjnej - książka abstraktów
No full textKsiążka abstraktów z międzynarodowej konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów "Słowotwórstwo w przestrzeni komunikacyjnej" dofinansowanej przez MNiSW w ramach programu Doskonała nauka (Warszawa, 8-10.09.2020)
Стереотип ‘Чужа країна’ в свідомості та мовленнєвій практиці російського священника (на матеріалі оповідань священника Я. Шипова)
Full text linkIn the sphere of intercultural or international communication it is important to take into account stereotypes of nations in order to create communicative act properly. Stereotypes are changeable, so knowledge about them will allow to influence on the change of their structural content. We need to find out 1) what Russians in general and Russian priests in particular mean by this sphere; 2) if the system of notions Alien Country is social stereotype. The system of notions and values concerning other countries presented by common Russians and Russian priests differ little, essential difference these spheres reveal only by feature Orthodox / Non-Orthodox, which is characteristic for notion sphere of priests and passion for everything foreign, which is characteristic for common Russians. Europe, America, Finland, Switzerland, Australia, France, Macedonia, China, Japan, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia and Greece belong to the concept sphere “Alien country”. The concept sphere “Alien country” comprises centre and outlying area, which differ in degree of negative value. The centre is characterized by the largest degree of negative value, it is represented by America; the outlying area is characterized by the least degree of negative value; it is represented by Serbia and Greece. The last one is valued rather neutrally or positively. Europe, Finland, Switzerland, Australia, France, Macedonia, China, Japan, Turkey and Ukraine are placed further from the centre. Among them Europe is marked the most negatively. Simultaneously semantic and valuational opposition is characteristic feature for America – Russia, Europe – Russia, Switzerland – Russia, Finland – Russia, Macedonia – Russia. Ukraine is not opposed to Russia due to its “non-state status” according to Russians and it couldn’t be object of opposition or comparison. China, Japan and Turkey are marked be lexeme “other”, which doesn’t reveal connotation “hostility” and testifies the structuring the opposition by other valuational criteria: not opposition, but comparison. Serbia and Greece are on the crossroad of the notion sphere “Own/ Alien”, partly transferring in the sphere “Own” due to religious feature – orthodox. Characteristics and valuations, which Russian priests and common Russians give other countries, are mostly marked by emotional, but not logical criteria. This fact reveals that our thoughts about alien countries form social stereotype
BULGARIAN LANGUAGE – HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS : A Collection of Papers in Honour of the 140th Birth Anniversary of Acad. Stefan Mladenov
Full text linkKundera światowy? Hrabal peryferyjny? Przekład jako forma promocji?
Full text linkW artykule podjęto próbę opisania wybranych aspektów oddziaływania nowych koncepcji (takich jak historia literatury europejskiej czy historia światowej republiki literatury), które weszły do dyskursu literackiego i przekładoznawczego i które współistnieją z tradycyjnymi kategoriami, takimi jak literatura dawna, współczesna, literatura narodowa, literatura światowa czy proces historii literatury. „Pomieszanie języków” (confusio linguarum), związane z pojawieniem się tych pojęć powieściowych, niewątpliwie wpłynęło na dziedzinę studiów translatorskich, a w szczególności na promocję przekładu i autoprzekładu oraz na inne zjawiska z tym związane. Ciekawą rolę w tej dyskusji odgrywa również to, co nazywam „perspektywą”, z której obserwuje się włączanie danych utworów lub autorów do literatury europejskiej lub światowej. W dwóch z czterech analizowanych w artykule dzieł dominuje perspektywa francuska (paryska), charakterystyczna dla pewnego etapu badań porównawczych, który, jak się zdaje, już się zakończył. Dwie pozostałe publikacje, napisane z perspektywy czeskiej, są adresowane do czytelników anglo- i niemieckojęzycznych
Тенденції внормування правил позиційного чергування у/в на початку XX століття
Full text linkContemporary Ukrainian spelling presents clearly formulated rules for the positional rotation of vowels and consonants in order to achieve euphony. However, there are numerous errors associated with violating these rules which, in our opinion, are caused not only by the lack of a broadcasting culture but also by the fact that certain positions are too strictly limited and this deprives the speaker to apply positional rotation based on his own linguistic sense. The purpose of the article is to investigate the main trends in normalization of the rules in positional rotation of “у” and “в” at the beginning of the XX century in a projection to modern normativity by proposing the classification of erroneous models in their comparison with the normative ones. This will reveal the rules based on formal grounds
Вставлені конструкції в публіцистиці Івана Багряного
Full text linkStructural and semantic features of inserted constructions in Ivan Bahrianyi's nonfiction works are analysed. Analysis of the prose texts shows that parentheses are on the one hand text forming elements and on the other hand – means of author’s impact on the reader expressing his communicative pragmatic intentions. In order to express his thoughts more exactly the author interrupts the narration inserting additional comments and details. Parentheses create a stylistic space which is necessary for expressing complicated thoughts with their emotional colouring and associations. Syntactic structure of parentheses is determined by communicative factors. Parenthetical words and word combinations mostly explain and specify some words in the main clause. Parenthetical sentences of different structure perform text-formating functions by expending information of the main clause. Transformation from factual information to its figurative perception and the opposite is observed in constructions with parentheses. Evaluating parentheses actualize depicted events. Inserting additional information into the main clause breaks a syntagmatic chain and demands special intonation, which draws the reader’s attention. Other stylistic functions of parentheses are: expressing emotional-evaluating remarks; creating satirical effect, intimacy and dialogue effect; accenting detail; stylization of the speech of author; widening temporal perspective of the text; providing laconic style. There have been determined lexical, morphological and syntactical means of actualization of parentheses. Repetition, parallelism of syntactic structure of the main clause and parenthetic construction, amplification of conjunctions also contribute to the expressiveness of the text.
I. Bahrianyi uses parenthetic constructions to create satirical effect and enforce contrasts. Subjective-evaluating parentheses prevail in his works. They perform the function of pragmatic influence of the author on his reader. They focus reader’s attention by semantic richness and expressiveness. As a result of the research it is found out that the inserted structures are an important feature of the individual style of I. Bahrianyi
Why was Pavel Negrebetskii Executed?
Full text linkThe paper seeks to contribute to the discussion among historians about the value, as historical sources, of foreign diplomats stationed in Russia. Two young men, Hildebrand von Horn, an envoy extraordinaire of the Danish king, and the Swede Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld, a student of the Russian language and Russian affairs on a scholarship granted by the Swedish king, met in the Russian capital during the summer of 1684. They had met before—in1682 inCopenhagen—but this time their roles were quite different, as they were in Moscow as representatives of countries with opposite political aims vis-à-vis Russia. Von Horn was inRussiafor the third time, knew many influential people at court and mastered the Russian language. He kept Sparwenfeld informed about what was going on behind the scenes at court. This information was written down by Sparwenfeld in his diary of the Russian journey, published by the author of this paper in 2002.
In July 1684 von Horn told Sparwenfeld about the execution of “a noble and learned Pole, Negrebetskii”. This person, Pavel Negrebetskii, had had an important position at court during the reign of Fyodor Alekseevich but lost his influence after the death of the Tsar. In August the two friends once more discussed Negrebetskii, his torture, and the role of I. M. Miloslavskii in his fate. Negrebetskii was accused of having taken part in a conspiracy against Sof’ia and her supporters in the aftermath of the streltsy uprising in May 1682. The torture was stopped by Vasilii Vasil’evich Golitsyn, and Negrebetskii was hastily and secretly taken to theRed Squareand executed. Why was Negrebetskii executed in this way two years after his stated crime? After discussing various aspects of the question, this paper gives a possible answer. It seems that the real reason was that Negrebetskii did not stop trying to make the Polish king intervene on Naryshkina’s side in the struggle for power between the Miloslavskii and Naryshkin clans. In connection with the arrival of an Austrian embassy in Moscow in May–June1684, anew possibility for Negrebetskii to get in contact with Poland offered itself in the person of the Habsburg resident in Warsaw, I. Zierowsky. Negrebetskii, it seems, took advantage of the opportunity and tried to send a letter with Zierowsky to the Polish king, begging the king for help and support of Naryshkina and her son. The letter was intercepted, and Sof’ia and Miloslavskii decided to get rid of the irritating Pole once and for all. His execution also gave a clear signal to Peter’s supporters that their previous plans were known and that their activities were under surveillance. It was not possible to touch the main actors in the unrealized conspiracy for political reasons; the most active among them was Vasilii Vasil’evich’s cousin, Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn.
So, the entries in Sparwenfeld´s diary about nightly conversations between two foreigners in the Russian capital help to shed light on how and when Pavel Negrebetskii died, and, hopefully, also why
From ‘Nations’ to ‘Archontias’ (I) ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’: Terms and Chronology
Full text linkThis article deals with the terms ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’, which are used in historiography in different and even contradictory ways, and aims to clarify a highly complicated topic, investigating the ways these terms were used by contemporaries, trying to define differences between them and connecting their use with the political changes of the time. Topics discussed include the chronology of the terms’ usage, different ways in which they were being used, relations of ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’ with the Empire, their appearance and disappearance and the political processes connected with it, as well as the analysis of the existing interpretations. The first part mostly discusses chronology and some existing hypotheses. The second (and the main) part analyses the way these terms were used and tries to define them.
The hypothesis presented connects these terms with the re-establishing of imperial authority in the Balkans, marked in the sources by replacing the term ‘Slavic nations’, which had been used until the late 8 century to denote the independent Balkan Slavic societies and their lands. The Empire lacked the capacity for direct subjugation of the independent Slavic communities and was forced to rely on complicated measures including colonization and ensuring Slav cooperation in the process. In the themes where the Empire had enough power, Slavic communities were organized as ‘Sclavoarchontias’, who received archons from the strategos, paid collective tribute and served as symahoi, but kept some inner autonomy. The Empire also tended to ensure the cooperation of Slavic communities around themes by granting titles and subsidies to some powerful Slavic leaders, which led to the creation of client states known as ‘Sclavinias’. They were not part of the thematic system, they had their native and hereditary leaders recognized and affirmed by the emperor by titles and seals and act as imperial allies. A prototype of both had appeared at the end of the 7th c., but only when relations of such types had multiplied after Stauracius’ expedition in 783, corresponding generic terms appeared and became regular