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Normal Values for the fT3/fT4 Ratio: Centile Charts (0–29 Years) and Their Application for the Differential Diagnosis of Children with Developmental Delay
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ASC speck serum concentrations, a component of sterile cellular inflammation, are associated with individual cardiopulmonary capacity
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A link between age, affect, and predictions?
No full textThe prevalence of depressive symptoms decreases from late adolescence to middle age adulthood. Furthermore, despite significant losses in motor and cognitive functioning, overall emotional well-being tends to increase with age, and a bias to positive information has been observed multiple times. Several causes have been discussed for this age-related development, such as improvement in emotion regulation, less regret, and higher socioeconomic status. Here, we explore a further explanation. Our minds host mental models that generate predictions about forthcoming events to successfully interact with our physical and social environment. To keep these models faithful, the difference between the predicted and the actual event, that is, the prediction error, is computed. We argue that prediction errors are attenuated in the middle age and older mind, which, in turn, may translate to less negative affect, lower susceptibility to affective disorders, and possibly, to a bias to positive information. Our proposal is primarily linked to perceptual inferences, but may hold as well for higher-level, cognitive, and emotional forms of error processing
Validation of the BOADICEA model in a prospective cohort of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers
No full textBackground: No validation has been conducted for the BOADICEA multifactorial breast cancer risk prediction model specifically in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers to date. Here, we evaluated the performance of BOADICEA in predicting 5-year breast cancer risks in a prospective cohort of BRCA1/2 PV carriers ascertained through clinical genetic centres.
Methods: We evaluated the model calibration and discriminatory ability in the prospective TRANsIBCCS cohort study comprising 1614 BRCA1 and 1365 BRCA2 PV carriers (209 incident cases). Study participants had lifestyle, reproductive, hormonal, anthropometric risk factor information, a polygenic risk score based on 313 SNPs and family history information.
Results: The full multifactorial model considering family history together with all other risk factors was well calibrated overall (E/O=1.07, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.24) and in quintiles of predicted risk. Discrimination was maximised when all risk factors were considered (Harrell’s C-index=0.70, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.74; area under the curve=0.79, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.82). The model performance was similar when evaluated separately in BRCA1 or BRCA2 PV carriers. The full model identified 5.8%, 12.9% and 24.0% of BRCA1/2 PV carriers with 5-year breast cancer risks of <1.65%, <3% and <5%, respectively, risk thresholds commonly used for different management and risk-reduction options.
Conclusion: BOADICEA may be used to aid personalised cancer risk management and decision-making for BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV carriers. It is implemented in the free-access CanRisk tool (https://www.canrisk.org/)
Vitamin-D-Bindungsproteinkonzentrationen im Blut während der Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse der LIFE Child Studie
No full textDie Dissertation befasst sich mit den Vitamin-D-Bindungsprotein (DBP) Konzentrationen im Blut von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Rahmen der LIFE Child Studie. Die Forschungsarbeit zielte darauf ab, altersspezifische DBP-Referenzwerte zu etablieren und die Zusammenhänge zwischen DBP und verschiedenen Parametern wie unter anderem Alter, Geschlecht, BMI, Pubertätsstadium, orale Kontrazeptiva und Entzündungsmarkern zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Mädchen signifikant höhere DBP-Werte als Jungen aufwiesen und die DBP-Werte bei Adipositas und in späteren männlichen Pubertätsstadien sanken, während sie bei Einnahme oraler Kontrazeptiva und erhöhten CRP-Werten anstiegen. Letztlich betont die Studie die zentrale Rolle von DBP bei der Beurteilung des Vitamin-D-Status und liefert robuste Referenzperzentilen für die untersuchte Kohorte
Der Gero-Parcours. Ein Ausbildungstool zur Simulation altersbedingter Einschränkungen in der Seniorenzahnmedizin.
No full textIntroduction: Dental students usually have little experience with older people. During their education, they usually have contact only with patients who are able to attend dental schools. For this reason, the Gero-Parcours as an education instrument was developed. The students could try out the limitations that occur more often in old age.
Materials and methods: The Gero-Parcours consists of different stations (e.g. hearing and visual impairments, teeth brushing by foreign cleaners, emotion), which are always run through by 2 students at the same time. At each station, a supervisor is available to the students for the exercises. Each station takes about 15. min, then there is a change to the next station. It is reported about a course with 15 topics in 11 stations.
Results: The Gero-Parcours is perceived as a helpful educational element by XX% of the students. XX% had more understanding of the aging process and the limitations of the elderly.
Discussion: The Gero course illustrates ageing with the limitations. The students and teachers appreciated this practical training. However, when planning a Gero-Parcours, it is necessary to provide the necessary resources for the course. Students from the higher years can also be recruited and trained as superviors.
Conclusion: The Gero-Parcours can be easily adapted to the number of students and supervisors as well as to the time available. It should be made mandatory in the dental education curriculum. The students found the Gero-Parcours to be a helpful education-instrument
Die Therapie von Alkoholkonsumstörungen in der DDR
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit stellt grundsätzliche Aspekte und Entwicklungen der
Alkoholsuchttherapie innerhalb der Psychiatrie in der DDR dar und geht dabei vertiefend auf die therapeutischen Zentren in Brandenburg-Görden und Schwerin ein. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf den medikamentösen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten im Rahmen der Entwöhnungsbehandlung in der DDR. Die Forschungsgrundlage bildet in erster Linie die in der DDR erschienene wissenschaftliche Literatur. Zudem konnten durch Interviews mit den in der DDR ehemals tätigen Suchtmedizinern Hubertus Windischmann und Hugo von Keyserlingk weitere Informationen aufgenommen werden.:1. Einführung
1.1. Ausgangslage der Forschungslandschaft
1.2. Motivation und Relevanz des Themas
1.3. Methodik
1.4. Historischer Kontext
1.5. Bedeutung der Arbeit
2. Publikationen
2.1. Die Praxis der medikamentösen Alkoholentwöhnung in der Psychiatrie der DDR –
Die Methoden der Aversions- und Disulfirambehandlung
2.2. Die Wegbereiter Schwerin und Brandenburg-Görden bei der Entwicklung der
Therapie von Alkoholkonsumstörungen in der DDR
3. Zusammenfassung
4. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis
5. Spezifizierung des eigenen wissenschaftlichen Beitrags
6. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit
7. Lebenslauf
8. Danksagun