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La “desprotección” del suelo rústico frente a la ocupación ilegal. El caso del Cerro de San Miguel
Get PDFEn las últimas décadas se está produciendo un proceso de ocupación ilegal del suelo rústico, en concreto de los suelos limítrofes con el Albaicín y la Alhambra. La falta de reacción por parte de la Administración está provocando un efecto “llamada” que está teniendo como consecuencia que proliferen los asentamientos en zonas de gran valor histórico y ambiental. Así, han sido ocupados el Cerro de San Miguel, el Barranco de los Naranjos, el Barranco de los Negros, Valparaiso, laderas del Avellano, barrancos cercanos al Cementerio, ... Todos estos ámbitos cuentan con unas características comunes. Son zonas elevadas, de gran valor ambiental y paisajístico, aparentemente abandonadas, cercanas a la ciudad, pero separadas de la misma para no entrar en conflicto directo
Post-occupancy evaluation in residential buildings: A systematic literature review of current practices in the EU
No full textPost Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is a process that aims to assess buildings’ performance after occupation. Assessments are conducted to create a better understanding of the actual performance of buildings, including energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and occupant satisfaction. Despite POE potential benefits and practices in residential buildings in the EU, it has been marked by a lack of consistency in the methods, data collected, research approach, and analysis used, making comparability of the results and replicability of methods difficult. This study, through a systematic literature review of POE practices in residential buildings in the EU between 2011 and 2021, aims to provide a better understanding of most common methods applied in the POE studies. A total of seven POE identifiers are investigated, including the research objective, the case study investigated, data collection method, data collected, monitoring details, and the research approach and data analysis. Findings indicated the lack of consistency in reporting, the use of methods, tools, and data collected in POE studies. This research uncovers valuable insights that result in a roadmap recommendation for the successful implementation of POE practices in residential buildings for a more consistent POE approach. © 2023 The Author
Analysis of the Accessibility Improvement Index in Urban Areas through Heritage Buildings Used as Museums—Case Studies in the Region of Murcia (Spain)
No full textEquality of opportunity for all people, regardless of their abilities, is a fundamental principle in contemporary society. This includes the ability to use any object, service, or environment. The analysis of universal accessibility in the built environment is a requirement to achieve the full inclusion of society as a whole, both in the urban and architectural spheres. This study is based on the analysis of the current and potential states of accessibility, which makes it possible to obtain the accessibility improvement index, a parameter that identifies how much the accessibility of a physical environment can be improved by removing architectural barriers. The methodology is applied to a sample of 25 heritage buildings used as museums to observe how they function. The results show that the feasibility of barrier removal is higher than 75% in all the buildings in the sample, reaching 100% in some cases. The results obtained are contrasted with other works and highlight the potential of expanding the analysis developed to other urban and built environments to ensure full equality of access to the physical environment. © 2023 by the authors
Unreal memories: the collective image of architectural in visual social networks
No full textImages of architecture spread quickly on visual social networks that gain interest to disseminate and communicate architecture. For this reason, it is a must to diagnose the social construction of the image of architecture, to explore the restrictions and publication formats of the platform, to identify the reaction and dissemination habits in relation to the visual features of photography and to delve into the possibilities and the risks introduced by artificial intelligence systems. The research method follows a cognitive association approach through various graphic case studies on Instagram. The exploratory design to approach the role of the image to communicate architecture in visual social media arises from the concept of the fragment and the biased vision, a division required due to the nature of related image suggestions as a browsing method on Instagram. The findings identify opportunities and action strategies to complement the contents that build the collective image of architecture adapted to the logic of the new scenario. © 2023, Editorial Universidad de Granada. All rights reserved
The Church of St. John the Apostle and Evangelist of Massamagrell. History and Intervention
No full textLa iglesia de Massamagrell es sin duda una de las iglesias más grandes de la Comunidad Valenciana, por ello es conocida popularmente como la catedral de l’Horta. Es un ejemplo paradigmático del barroco tardío con trazas rococó que sufrió la destrucción de los altares y la pérdida del libro de fábrica y gran parte de la documentación del archivo parroquial el 26 de julio de 1936. El 8 de octubre de 2020 colapsó parte de la cúpula y durante su reconstrucción se tomó conciencia de la importancia del templo en la historia de la arquitectura valenciana. Promovido por el Ayuntamiento, se creó un grupo de investigación con la finalidad, por una parte, de recoger las actuaciones realizadas en el proceso de intervención y restauración de la cúpula y, por otra, de elaborar un estudio histórico sobre el templo parroquial. Los investigadores Vicent F. Zuriaga Senent y Julio Samuel Badenes, junto al arquitecto Jorge García Valldecabres, han elaborado los capítulos dedicados a la historia de la iglesia desde el siglo xiii hasta nuestros días. En ellos se abordan, entre otros temas, el contexto histórico y artístico de la parroquia, la documentación, las pinturas –de manera singular las atribuidas a Antoni Peris o Luis Antonio Planes– y la intervención de Luis Domingo en las esculturas y retablos, así como las artes decorativas, el patrimonio inmaterial y los procesos de intervención realizados desde 1939. Jaime Alcayde Bellver, arquitecto, y el historiador del arte Gaetano Giannotta han elaborado un capítulo dedicado al análisis de la arquitectura, la ornamentación y las técnicas constructivas durante los años de construcción de la iglesia (1735-1767). El libro finaliza con un último capítulo a cargo de los arquitectos Luis Cortés Meseguer y José Pardo Conejero sobre el proceso de restauración de la cúpula, que concluyó en 2021
Analysis and Precision of Light Detection and Ranging Sensors Integrated in Mobile Phones as a Framework for Registration of Ground Control Points for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Scanning Technique for Building Information Modelling in Archaeological
No full textThe protection of heritage sites is one of the keys that our civilisation presents. That is why great efforts have been invested in order to protect and preserve movable and immovable property with a certain historical value, as is the case of archaeological sites scattered throughout the territory of southern Iberia (Spain) in the form of dolmens and negative structures dug into the ground, constituting a good sample of the megalithic culture in southern Spain. To study, manage and preserve these archaeological monuments, considered a set of cultural assets, various techniques and methodologies are required to facilitate the acquisition of three-dimensional geometric information. The Scan-to-BIM approach has become one of the most up-to-date work exponents to carry out these objectives. The appearance of LiDAR techniques, and recently their incorporation into smartphones through integrated sensors, is revolutionising the world of 3D scanning. However, the precision of these techniques is an issue that has yet to be addressed in the scientific community. That is why this research proposes a framework, through experimental measurement, comparison and knowledge of the limitations of this technology, to know the precision of the use of these smartphones, specifically the iPhone 13 Pro, as a measurement element to establish points of control with the aid of photogrammetry by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in archaeological sites. The results demonstrate a residual uncertainty of ±5 mm in the capture of GCPs from the mobile phone’s LiDAR light detection and ranging sensor, and there was a deviation of the measurements in a range between 0 and 28 m of distance between the GCPs of (0.021, 0.069) m. © 2023 by the authors
Assessment of the ecological role of historic centres based on the relationship between biodiversity and urban composition
No full textHistoric centres provide their inhabitants with identity and well-being. Although studies focus on the conservation of the built environment, in recent years the environmental component of historic centres has also been analysed. Issues such as ecosystem services and biodiversity have become more pressing due to rapid population growth, development and the climate crisis. Green spaces in historic centres often conserve biodiversity, as they tend to be protected spaces. This article presents two case studies in Castellón de la Plana (Spain) with the aim of analysing the relationship between the built environment and avian biodiversity. The study uses a four-phase process. The first phase incorporates a review of recent literature to select biodiversity indicators, while the second focuses on open data analysis and incorporation into GIS software. The third phase consists of field data collection and the mapping of biodiversity indicators. Finally, phase four involves the preparation of thematic maps, which allows us to visualize behavioural patterns connecting bird colonies with the morphology of the built environment in order to draw relevant conclusions that can help improve biodiversity. The analysis allowed the calculation of eight indicators and the identification of building typologies, the percentage of green areas and the inspection of features promoting avian biodiversity. In total, 31 bird species were detected, 27 in the historic centre of Castellón and 26 in the historic centre of the Grao district. Among them, the mapping distribution of three endangered species demonstrates their dependence on these historic built habitats. Apus apus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum are present in 97, 82 and 56% of grids, respectively, with ANOVA correlation confirming these species densities found. The study is somewhat limited in the use of the line transect method due to the potential structural biases intrinsic to the unique nature of the districts assessed. © 2023 The Author
Recovery of End-of-Life Tyres and Mineral Wool Waste: A Case Study with Gypsum Composite Materials Applying Circular Economy Criteria
No full textThe building sector is currently undergoing a process of change due to concerns about the sustainability of the construction industry. The application of circular economy criteria to develop new, more sustainable construction products has become one of the major challenges for the society of the future. This research advances towards the development of new lightened gypsum composites that incorporate waste from end-of-life tyres and recycled fibres from mineral wool thermal insulation in their composition. The results show how it is possible to reduce the consumption of the original raw materials by replacing them with recycled rubber granular particles, developing new construction products that are lighter, with better water resistance and greater thermal resistance. Additionally, it is shown that the incorporation of recycled fibres from rock wool and glass wool insulation is a good solution to improve the mechanical resistance of lightened gypsum composites, giving these construction and demolition wastes a second useful life by reincorporating them in the process of manufacturing new prefabricated housing products. © 2022 by the authors
Characterization and under Water Action Behaviour of a New Plaster-Based Lightened Composites for Precast
No full textPlaster is a construction material widely used for the production of prefabricated parts in building construction due to its high capacity for hygrothermal regulation, its good mechanical performance, and its fireproof nature, among other factors. Its historical use has been linked to ornamental elements, although more recent research is oriented towards the industrialisation of plaster composites and the design of prefabricated parts for false ceilings and interior partitions. In this work, the behaviour against water of four new plaster-based composite materials is studied, using additions of two types of super absorbent polymers (sodium polyacrylate and potassium polyacrylate) and a lightening material (vermiculite) in their manufacturing process. In addition, the transmission of water vapour through the samples was studied together with the water absorption capacity of the samples in order to check the suitability of the use of plaster-based materials exposed to these environments. The results of this study show that composites with the addition of super absorbent polymers as well as vermiculite significantly improve their water performance compared to traditional materials up to 7.3% water absorption with a minimal (13%) reduction in mechanical strength compared to current materials with similar additions. In this sense, a plaster material is obtained with wide possibilities of application in the construction sector that favours the development of sustainable and quality buildings, in line with Goal 9 for Sustainable Development included in the 2030 Agenda. © 2023 by the authors
Extending the use of adaptive thermal comfort to air-conditioning: The case study of a local Japanese comfort model in present and future scenarios
No full textThe use of setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models has been identified as an efficient energy saving measure in the latest years. The recent studies applying adaptive setpoint temperatures consider ASHRAE and EN16798-1 international models. However, this study has considered a local Japanese adaptive comfort model instead. Therefore, this study analyses the energy demand resulting from the application of a local Japanese comfort model and compares it with the energy demand resulting from the use of the worldwide ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive model and other fixed setpoint temperatures. Building energy simulations have been performed considering all different climate zones in the territory of Japan, and also considering full air-conditioning and mixed-mode building operation modes, as well as present and future scenarios under the influence of climate change, namely Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for years 2050 and 2100. Results show that energy savings ranging between 29 and 52% and 33 and 78% could be achieved by using setpoint temperatures based on the Japanese local adaptive comfort model respectively in full air-conditioning mode and mixed-mode. These results were obtained using the adaptive model for free running buildings, therefore assuming high levels of adaptation. In the context of climate change, the total energy demand decreases in cold climates between 14 and 65% and 18 and 91% for full air-conditioning mode and mixed mode respectively, while in warm climates, it increases between 8 and 36% and 17 and 51%, again respectively for full air-conditioning mode and mixed-mode. Therefore, the use of setpoint temperatures based on the Japanese local adaptive comfort model is identified as a very efficient energy saving strategy. © 2023 The Author(s