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Use of composite plaster material for the development of sustainable prefabricated: study of its manufacturing process, properties and supply chain
No full textThe building sector is currently involved in a process of change as a result of concerns about the sustainability of the construction industry. For this reason, the application of circular economy criteria that are committed to the development of new, more sustainable construction materials has become one of the major challenges included in the European Green Pact. In this research, the physical and mechanical characterisation of a new plaster composite material with the incorporation of recycled rubber granular particles and glass wool waste fibres has been carried out. It has been possible to replace up to 30% of the original plaster material with recycled raw material, improving the thermal behaviour of the prefabricated plaster plates. In addition, good mechanical performance has been obtained and the weight of the precast elements has been reduced. Finally, using the FlexSim simulation software, different scenarios have been examined which have permitted to know the increases in productivity in the manufacturing process derived from the use of these lightened sustainable materials, as well as to verify the reduction in fuel consumption (litres/plate) and CO2 emissions during transport. For all these reasons, the implementation of circular economy criteria applied to waste management is fundamental to progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. © 2023 Publicaciones Dyna Sl. All rights reserved
Unravelling the role of triisopropylphosphane telluride in Ag(I) complexes
No full textThe coordination chemistry of chalcogenide ligands has always attracted significant interest in the field of inorganic chemistry, especially for soft metals such as those of group 11. Despite the scarcity of research on phosphane tellurides, we report on the synthesis and characterisation of five novel silver complexes containing the phosphane telluride ligand, TeP(Pr-i)(3), along with other ancillary ligands such as mono or diphosphanes. Spectroscopic studies were performed to investigate the behaviour of these complexes, including their redox properties, as demonstrated by the 1,1-diphenylphosphaneferrocene (dppf) silver derivatives. Additionally, these complexes showcase remarkable rapid interchange equilibrium, revealing silver species with distinctive Ag2Te2 cores and a combination of bridging and terminal TeP(iPr)(3) ligands. A promising avenue for further investigation and potential applications emerges
Prevalence of Pneumoconiosis in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review
No full textConstruction workers can be exposed to fibres, dust, and other toxic particles that can cause pneumoconiosis from silica, asbestos, and mixed dust. This systematic review aims to analyse how pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to dust contributed to the rise of occupational diseases in construction workers from 2001 to 2021. Sixteen keywords were combined to perform the search in six databases. Were included 26 articles which fulfilled all the defined inclusion criteria. A global analysis of risk disease distribution shows that exposures to mixed dust (41.1%), silica (37.5%) and asbestos (21.4%) were related to pneumoconiosis. In addition, individual analysis revealed that pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to chemical agents (silica, asbestos, and their dust) in the construction industry are predominantly related to the exposure to silica (Silicosis 38.1%), asbestos (asbestosis 33.3%, lung cancer 33.3%), and mixed dust (lung cancer 21.7%). Mixed dust seems to be the source of the highest incidence of pneumoconiosis, silica associated with silicosis is the most frequent disease. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Multi-side Digital Image Correlation (DIC) evaluation of CFRP bonded to poplar timber
No full textDigital Image Correlation (DIC) is a technique that permits full analysis of the strain field distribution upon the surface of solids. The nonlinear bonding interaction between poplar timber and CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers) reinforcement under mixed mode I&II is analyzed. The test setup inserts an eccentric axial load and a corresponding bending moment. The experiments show strain distributions composed of two lateral transfer zones in which bonding mode II predominates and, a central zone of constant strain in which bonding mode I is dominant. The maximum load capacity increases with the bond length until the effective bond length. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Taxonomy and Indicators for ESG Investments
No full textInstead of the well-known three-pillar model of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, the shift in valuation paradigm to the sustainable realm needs a fundamental methodological and operational modification, with a focus on determining and describing metrics, criteria, and performance indicators that can be used to support Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG)-based valuation practices. As of now (2023), there is significant language and semantic heterogeneity in the indicators, standards, and operational methods to be used while conducting ESG assessments and analyses. The primary objective of this contribution is to analyze the current ESG criteria/indicators that can be found in relevant scientific publications. A scoping review of the recent ESG literature (2015–2023) as well as a content study of the reports from the most influential worldwide rating agencies—which are now utilized as models in the usage of criteria, indicators, and ESG metric applications—have been both carried out. A total of 182 indicators (78 environmental, 64 social, and 40 governance) have been gathered as a result of the investigation. In the endeavor to design and apply ESG-focused valuation and analytical practice, sets of Key Performance Indicators for the three dimensions have been found using cluster analysis and text mining, and a reference taxonomy has been provided based on them. © 2023 by the authors
Design of a Support Tool to Improve Accessibility in Heritage Buildings—Application in Case Study for Public Use
No full textThe existing literature shows the interest in the study of accessibility within heritage architecture, particularly in the context of repurposing these structures to extend their lifespan. Published examples primarily focus on barrier identification or intervention within specific buildings, without the development of methods that facilitate their widespread application for barrier removal. The proposed methodology entails the division of the building into analytical zones, the identification of existing barriers, the proposal of feasible solutions, and the establishment of various action plans based on the building’s priorities. The results reveal a significant percentage of removable architectural barriers within the analysed buildings, all in harmony with the preservation of the heritage. Among the conclusions, it is noteworthy that the method’s applicability extends to heritage and non-heritage buildings of varying uses and typologies, showcasing the substantial accessibility potential within heritage architecture. © 2023 by the authors
Guidelines for Conservation and Restoration of Historic Polychrome Plasterwork: the Church of St María la Blanca in Seville, Spain
No full textCarrying out an intervention for the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage, focused on the preservation of decorative elements such as polychromed plasterwork, implies following a methodology to study the materials and techniques used in each case to establish an intervention proposal according to the circumstances. This work offers some methodological guidelines necessary to approach the conservation of plasterwork and its polychromies, applied in a recent case study according to the criteria established by the 14th General Assembly of ICOMOS in 2003, the Law 14/2007 of Andalusian Historical Heritage, the Law 16/1985 of the Spanish Historical Heritage, and indications contained in the ECCO Guidelines. The novelty of the paper is that it presents the conservation decisions on a real case from the beginning until the end — showing the entire process and validating the proposed methodology — by using current restoration techniques and digital tools for the reconstruction of plasterwork
Do we need complex and multidimensional indicators to assess energy poverty? The case of the Chilean indicator
No full textEnergy poverty is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, and several indicators have been developed to evaluate and quantify it. However, often greater complexity does not mean greater precision. In the case of Chile, the Energy Poverty Network established the Three-dimensional and Territorial Indicator of Energy Poverty (EPTTI in Spanish) to assess the energy poverty situation of Chilean families. The EPTTI is based on a multidimensional approach with 10 indicators. Although, their evaluation involves resources that may hinder a practical application. This study analyzed the consistency between the individual responses of an indicator and the adapted EPTTI evaluation, using a database of 641 families. The results show that the excessive energy expenditure and the type and energy source of heating systems indicators are the variables with the greatest influence on energy poverty assessments. These results served to both propose simplified approaches for energy poverty assessment with the indicator, and establish policies of action that regional governments should address to reduce the situation of energy poverty
Assessing the Future Streetscape of Rimini Harbor Docks with Virtual Reality
No full textThe human factor plays an important role in the successful design of infrastructure to support sustainable mobility. By engaging users early in the design process, information can be obtained before physical environments are built, making designed spaces more attractive and safer for users. This study presents the collected data of a virtual reality (VR) application in which user perception has been evaluated within an urban redevelopment context. The area under consideration is the Canal of the Port of Rimini (Italy), a degraded area not connected to the city center. The redevelopment of degraded urban areas is the first step towards achieving the sustainability aims set out in the Sustainable Development Goals. Prior to this work, evaluation methods were developed in the decision-making process, considering different social, economic, and environmental aspects in order to obtain a priority scale of interventions for urban regeneration. Architectural solutions were proposed to represent targeted and specific interventions that are designed precisely for the context to which they are dedicated in order to make the Canal Port area a continuum with its urban context and to improve its perception by tourists and inhabitants. To assess these proposed infrastructure modifications, two models of VR were created, one relevant to the current condition and one representing the future condition after redevelopment of the area. Virtual visits to the Canal of the Port of Rimini were created under two scenarios, namely, the current situation and the future situation after redevelopment of the infrastructure. Then, human participants were involved through two different questionnaires. The first allowed participants validate the VR model created by comparing it with the real context, while the second served to evaluate the perceptions of users by comparing the two VR models of the canal before and after the intervention. The results of this empirical research highlight the benefits of engaging users early in the design process and improving the user experience before implementing renovation of the infrastructure