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Envisioning the idea. Creative graphic processes in architecture and concept art
No full textEl artículo establece un paralelismo entre el arte de concepto desarrollado en industrias creadoras de mundos como los videojuegos y la animación y los procesos gráficos creativos de la arquitectura. Se pone en relación estrategias de pre-producción, como los dibujos conceptuales, el guion de color o los bocetos en miniatura, con los dibujos de estudio, los dibujos secuenciales o las visiones seriales que definen la experiencia y la narrativa gráfica arquitectónica. La coherencia entre las distintas estrategias visuales para explorar la idea y el propósito comunicativo podría ser útil en el diseño arquitectónico al considerar cuestiones vinculadas a la percepción experiencial y emocional. Los hallazgos manifiestan una metodología de desarrollo visual basada en el análisis del diseño de la idea
A point cloud classification method for the Scan-to-BIM process in Architectural Heritage
No full textHeritage Building Information Modelling (H-BIM) has completely changed the meaning of managing architectural sites and ancient buildings. Nowadays, the application of cutting-edge methods for analysis, conservation and restoration is made possible by the modern 3D scanning technologies, such as terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) and digital cameras, which produce highly accurate point clouds. Furthermore, as these files are time-consuming and computationally expensive, strategies are being developed to optimise their handling and to streamline the conversion of a point cloud into a BIM model, adopting Scan-to-BIM approaches and widespread Artificial intelligence. In this scenario, the current work investigates the use of the CANUPO multiscale algorithm and the RANSAC model-fitting method for the classification of the staircase of Palazzo Nico, a neoclassical building in Gioia del Colle, Italy, using data obtained through TLS. The location’s geometry, which includes numerous floors, vaults, balustrades, and typical 19th-century-style ornate staircase, makes it an excellent case study for assessing the applicability of these tools, serving as a source base for additional modelling procedures. © 2023 University of LAquila, Department of Civil Construction, Building and Architecture, Environmental Engineering. All rights reserved
The modern origins of Holy Week in Seville. II. The brotherhoods at war (1808-1820)
No full textEsta obra forma parte de un proyecto de varios volúmenes en que se traza la historia de las hermandades y cofradías de penitencia de Sevilla en época moderna partir de un análisis exhaustivo de fuentes documentales procedentes mayoritariamente de sus archivos. De momento, se han publicado ya, por ahora en dos volúmenes, los resultados correspondientes al periodo comprendido entre 1777 y 1820. El segundo volumen, "Las cofradías en guerra (1808-1820)", analiza las consecuencias económicas y sociales que produjo la guerra de la Independencia hasta llegar al estallido militar y político que supuso el alzamiento de Rafael de Riego en 1820. Se trata, pues, de un amplio trazado de las relaciones entre las élites políticas y económicas, los comerciantes y las clases trabajadoras que constituyeron las hermandades en consonancia con el devenir histórico de la ciudad
Predictive Model of Clothing Insulation in Naturally Ventilated Educational Buildings
No full textProviding suitable indoor thermal conditions in educational buildings is crucial to ensuring the performance and well-being of students. International standards and building codes state that thermal conditions should be considered during the indoor design process and sizing of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Clothing insulation is one of the main factors influencing the occupants’ thermal perception. In this context, a field survey was conducted in higher education buildings to analyse and evaluate the clothing insulation of university students. The results showed that the mean clothing insulation values were 0.60 clo and 0.72 clo for male and female students, respectively. Significant differences were found between seasons. Correlations were found between indoor and outdoor air temperature, radiant temperature, the temperature measured at 6 a.m., and running mean temperature. Based on the collected data, a predictive clothing insulation model, based on an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, was developed using indoor and outdoor air temperature, radiant temperature, the temperature measured at 6 a.m. and running mean temperature, gender, and season as input parameters. The ANN model showed a performance of R2 = 0.60 and r = 0.80. Fifty percent of the predicted values differed by less than 0.1 clo from the actual value, whereas this percentage only amounted to 32% if the model defined in the ASHRAE-55 Standard was applied. © 2023 by the authors
Characterization and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Adobes from La Huacana, Mexico
No full textEarthen architecture is one of the oldest construction solutions known, with archaeological evidences as ancient as the first human settlements. Nevertheless, in the last decades, adobe constructions have been abandoned and severely modified, been displaced by the use of industrial materials like concrete blocks and ceramic bricks. The importance of these traditional systems in the local communities is a crucial aspect, since the techniques have been transmitted for generations and are part of the inner culture. Adobe samples from heritage buildings, including complete specimens and cylinders, were collected in the town of La Huacana, in the state of Michoacan, in Mexico. Also these structures were surveyed and analyzed from the technological and architectural study of the buildings and materials. After the field work the samples were brought to the materials laboratory of the Michoacan University of Saint Nicholas of Hidalgo and were analyzed with non-destructive tests, mechanical resistance and soil mechanics trials. The experimentation allowed to calculate the mechanical resistance as well as the ultrasonic pulse velocity; the results were compared to the sieve analysis, the Atterberg limits and the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) of the samples. The material characterization of the adobes allowed to determine the properties of these construction materials, which commonly are not deeply studied. The samples from La Huacana presented a very singular composition with great percentages of fine material, while the mechanical properties were quite satisfactory in comparison with the background researches. It is expected to perfect and regulate the characterization of earthen materials by means of research works like the one presented, achieving a complete perspective of these traditional systems. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Conservation and Preservation of Historic Plasterwork: The Study of Decorative Pineapples of the Royal Alcazar of Seville
No full textThe study of materials and constructive systems for the conservation and preservation of architectural heritage is of great relevance in the case of the Royal Alcazar of Seville, a World Heritage Site since 1987. This palatial complex stands out for its plasterwork decorations and this work aims to study the most significant anomaly: the detachment of all the pineapples presented on the sebka surfaces. The present study focused on the organoleptic inspection of pineapples, together with a planimetric survey and the study of their environmental conditions. The study developed has allowed (i) to establish the hypothesis of the different fixation systems used over time; (ii) to identify anomalies present in decorative pineapples; and (iii) to analyse recent emergency actions undertaken in the pineapples to prevent their detachment. The results obtained represent novel information of historical, artistic, and constructive interest in these ornamental pieces in plaster, useful for future conservation and restoration interventions. © 2023 Taylor & Francis
Macrocell Corrosion Currents in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution and Reinforced Concrete
No full textChloride-induced rebar corrosion is one of the main causes of damage in reinforced concrete structures (RCS). Chloride attacks lead to depassivation creating pits, which can imply major losses of sections. The current generated at these spots (microcell) is contributed by the current produced between corroded and uncorroded areas (macrocell). The influence of both currents has been deeply investigated based on solution studies, which do not actually represent the behaviour of concrete-embedded elements. The studies about macrocell currents in solution are interesting to analyse this phenomenon quickly and simply. However, they must not be interpreted as the reality of RCS because this requires studies using rebars embedded in concrete. The performed experimental plan verified this fact. In addition, another objective of this study was to analyse the influence of concrete’s electrical resistance and the limiting effect of the cathode/anode surface (Cs/As) ratio on macrocell currents in solution and in concrete. For this study, specimens manufactured using concretes with different properties were used: standard concrete (SC), high-performance concrete (HPC), very high-performance concrete (VHPC) and ultra-high performance-fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The conclusions show how the Cs/As ratio plays a key role in regulating macrocell current intensity, but what really governs this phenomenon is concrete resistivity because it regulates the participation of a bigger or smaller cathode surface. The influence of this parameter as a limiting factor of macrocell currents is fundamental, especially in high resistivity concretes like VHPC and UHPFRC. © 2023, The Author(s)
Performance of barrier systems and functions in the construction industry
No full textObjectives. Improving knowledge about the mechanism of accident occurrence in the construction industry provides important information to help design and implement appropriate barriers to stop the spread of unexpected events. This study characterizes the sequence of accidents in the construction industry by linking the most commonly identified circumstances, the barriers and barrier functions infringed and the specific way in which each of these functioned. Methods. In order to achieve the proposed objective, an analysis was made of 241 investigations of work accidents that occurred in the construction sector in Spain between 2009 and 2014. The statistical difference between the groups of variables was determined using contingency tables in which the value of the χ 2 statistic was calculated. Results. The results obtained show that behavioural factors are fundamentally identified, such as the worker’s non-observance of ensuring their own safety or the deficient interpretation of rules. Conclusions. This study illustrates that to understand the performance of barrier systems and functions, efforts must be focused not only on the things that go wrong, i.e., accidents, but also on the things that go right within the variability of daily performance in systems as complex as the construction industry. © 2022 Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB)
Climate change, heat stress and the analysis of its space-time variability in european metropolises
No full textGlobal warming is a pressing problem that necessitates immediate action. This phenomenon is particularly affecting the quality of life in larger cities due to population growth and human mobility. Understanding the space-time variability of the heat stress that various locations will face in the future is therefore crucial for us. Taking into account the aforementioned facts, the current study examined the evolution of the Hi heat stress index in four European capitals - Berlin, Madrid, Paris, and Rome - during the months of July, August, and September between 2008, 2012, and 2017. The European Space Agency (ESA) UrbClim climate model was used to collect environmental data. Furthermore, Local Climatic Zones (LCZ) classifications and land use/cover change (LULC) coverages were used to improve the evaluation and extrapolation of the results. According to the findings, the studied areas experienced significant increases in environmental temperatures and the heat stress index Hi between 2008 and 2017. The four cities average increase is 0.31 °C per decade, with the southern cities experiencing greater intensity and the northern cities experiencing less intensity. When comparing the spatiotemporal variability of heat stress in different zones, the study discovered that areas with more impervious areas and fewer green areas are more vulnerable to potential increases in heat stress. As a result, future urban developments with more green areas can be able to create spaces that are more resistant to heat stress, improving peoples quality of life. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
Interpretation of the remains of the church of the Monastery of San Jerónimo de Buenavista (Seville) based on a multifocal approach and the creation of a digital model
No full textAfter the French invasion and the disentailment of ecclesiastical property in Spain in the 19th century, the monastery of San Jerónimo de Buenavista in Seville fell victim to neglect, looting and ruin. Archaeological prospections begun in 1988 yielded evidence of the foundations and some of the paving of the lost areas, but the parts of the monastery’s church that are still standing today have barely received any attention beyond establishing certain spatial relationships with the underlying remains. To examine the construction and spatial characteristics of the building, we developed a digital model based on a photogrammetric survey, a stratigraphic interpretation of traces, a spatial analysis based on the geometric systems of formal control that were used at the time, and the identification of typological references. The aim of these overlapping approaches was to obtain the most objective understanding possible. © (2023), (Caspur -Ciber Publishing). All Rights Reserved