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Construction Management Model Under a Lean Construction Approach Based on Business Process Management (BPM)
No full textThe exponential increase in construction costs and the demands of clients highlight the need to improve the efficiency of the construction process. This chapter presents a management model that integrates different paradigms and technologies from the field of construction management such as Lean Construction, with emerging technologies associated with other fields such as Business Process Management (BPM) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The integration of these solutions will allow an improvement in the management of the construction work, in relation to quality, avoiding delays in project construction delivery time and deviation of costs. Furthermore, through the integration of the Last Planner System (LPS), as a Lean Construction tool, into the management model, it is achieved a reduction in the impact caused by unforeseen events in the planning of works. The use of BPM and SOA will allow the automation of control and management processes, integrating all participants and facilitating the availability of real and updated information on all construction tasks
Advances and Innovations in Shelters to Cover Needs in Emergency Housing Situations
No full textThroughout the history of humanity, housing emergencies have frequently occurred due to war conflicts, migratory events, natural disasters, etc. In this sense, technological advances have given rise to new solutions to resolve these situations. Therefore, the objective of the research will focus on the study of the emergency shelter in the reception phase, since it is the most emergency situation, to determine how related technologies have been developed in the last decade (2012–2022). Regarding the methodology, it will focus on the analysis and evaluation of scien-tific publications and patents, as well as on the location of commercial solutions for humanitarian distribution, beyond the tents, as well as some experimental designs and initiatives, collecting data on the characteristics of said technological advances and to what extent they resolve the corresponding situation. The results indicate that, in the last decade, the growth in the number of investigations and patents has been very pronounced with the technological hegemony of certain countries, concluding that significant progress has been made, although there is still a long way to go, especially to guarantee that these advances reach the people who need it
Green Roofs and Other Nature-Based Solutions in Barcelona: Environmental Benefits, and Physical and Mental Well-Being
No full textGreen roofs are an urban-oriented class of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) that have gained traction over the last years. Their multiple benefits target environ-mental and social domains, both separately and at their intersection level. This chapter reviews how in its twenty years of research history, the Barcelona-based Interdisci-plinary Group on Building Science and Technology (GICITED) has addressed these solutions as one of its main objects of study. The interdisciplinarity of the team has been proven adequate to approach such multidimensional field from different perspectives, diving into deep technical and analytical studies without renouncing to the subtle nuances of social systems. Here we present a historical chronology that allows the current green-roof trend to be put into context. Then we review the main corpus of our research in this field, from the interaction with industry and the advancement of technical knowledge to the more recent social reappraisal of these green solutions. We emphasise how our sharp but narrow focus has expanded in scope to progressively become a wide socio-environmental awareness, where green roofs are understood under the umbrella of a rich spectra of issues associated with them. Finally, far from stagnating, we conclude with several climate and biodiversity-driven concerns that will inevitably take the leading role in any serious Nature-based research
Vernacular Technologies and Vernacular Architecture. A Tendencies’ Review in Scholarly Publication Over the Last Twenty Years
No full textThis chapter presents a literature review that collects and analyses scien-tific publications on vernacular technologies and architecture. It aims to understand the evolution of academic research over the last 20 years and to demonstrate the general and multidisciplinary interest of the academic world in these topics and the complexities involved in categorising research. As a result, the analysis identi-fies global trends in the field of study and helps map out ideas about possible future directions. The author divided the review of publications into the fields of Vernacular Technology/s and Vernacular Architecture precisely to understand the main differ-ences between the knowledge areas. The topic of Vernacular Technologies involves the analysis of historical environments, buildings and objects as a product or space related to technology or engineering. In contrast, Vernacular Architecture involves investigating this field more humanely. This dual approach is the reason for the anal-ysis precisely because the study of the vernacular comprises a heterogeneous and ambivalent line of contemporary research. The study of trends over the last 20 years helps to appreciate that research on technologies or architectures of the past may have room for high-impact publication if it relates to contemporary environmental issues, to the science of sustainability or to assess engineering problems. However, the contemporary spiral of publications and the emerging consolidation of journal rankings will shape the future of topics
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Short-Term Tourist Accommodation Rental Market in Spain. A Comparison Between Cities
No full textAccording to the World Tourism Organisation, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the tourism market, with a simultaneous fall in supply and demand. This paper seeks to analyse whether there were differences in the rental price of tourist accommodation in Barcelona and Madrid as a consequence of the pandemic. As well as whether there were variations in the prices and availability of the number of tourist accommodations in both cities. In order to carry out this research, a database has been constructed with information on the accommodation advertised on http://insideairbnb.com/, for the period 2019–2021, with a final sample of 64,268,682 and 64,008,627 records for Barcelona and Madrid respectively. Several descriptive analyses and hypothesis tests have been carried out considering prices and the number of accommodations as the target variables. The results show statistically significant differences between prices and the number of accommodations between these two cities. In particular, a decrease in the number of accommodations is observed in both cities as a consequence of the state of lockdown and alarm. Finally, in both cities, the results show that the prices of available accommodation are higher than the prices of unavailable accommodation
Working-class suburban housing, homeownership and urban social movements during Francoism in Barcelona, 1939–1975
No full textThe issue of homeownership in the working-class peripheries of post-war Europe has received little attention in planning history. The main reason is probably that public housing built at the time of massive operations of constructing Modernist housing estates in Western and Eastern Blocs adopted tenancy as the predominant form of tenure in almost all cases. In the context of widespread growth of urban homeownership during the second half of the twentieth century in European countries, this paper addresses the singularities of ownership in Francoist Spain. In this case, the main peculiarity is that the working classes that flocked to inhabit the new outskirts were the main protagonists of the intense process of the spread in homeownership. First, the article discusses the ideological roots of the spread of homeownership in Spain as a singular phenomenon. Second, the spectacular growth of homeownership in the peripheral working-class districts of Barcelona and in the municipalities of its metropolitan area is analysed. Then, the paper considers the relationships observed between ownership in the new peripheries and the development of powerful urban movements. A final epilogue places such movements in the Western European context. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Analysis of the behaviour of timber construction solutions to interstitial condensation in areas of high relative humidity: Valdivia, Chile
No full textHigh relative humidity in the environment leads to moisture condensation inside the walls of buildings, affecting the durability of materials. Chilean regulations are analyzed, which do not incorporate the study of the behaviour of construction solutions within the same geographical area, even when they are close to large bodies of water. This study seeks to analyze the behaviour of construction solutions for walls of houses in Valdivia, whose primary material is timber, close to bodies of water that can generate interstitial condensation. Outdoor temperature and relative humidity data were recorded in seven locations during August, analyzing the behaviour of four construction solutions under these outdoor conditions. The initial performance of a conventional and a proposed vapour barrier against indoor relative humidity changes are compared. The results show that the construction solutions generate interstitial condensation, the indoor relative humidity as a determinant factor; when implementing a conventional vapour barrier, the phenomenon was drastically reduced. In addition, Kraft paper is proposed as an alternative material with less environmental impact and capable of complying with vapor diffusion resistance limit parameters with acceptable performance. © 2023 by The authors
Cuatro trazados de la Catedral de Valladolid en un dibujo la nueva copia del plano de Rivera Manescau
No full textLa Catedral de Valladolid representa, pese a lo inacabado de sus fábricas, uno de los hitos del clasicismo en la arquitectura española del renacimiento. Su solar ha sido cuna del desarrollo medieval de la ciudad sobre el que, por su relevante posición topográfica, se han sucedido hasta cuatro templos. En 1943 apareció en la prensa local un plano que representaba esa superposición de colegiatas iniciada en el siglo XI. Ese plano se perdió y en la actualidad los autores han logrado localizar una nueva copia. Es objeto de este trabajo la publicación de esa nueva copia y su análisis gráfico, comprobando con la realidad su veracidad histórica, para concluir con una serie de reconstituciones digitales de los cuatro templos que aparecen en él representados
Incorporating Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) into Common Practices for Architects and Building Engineers
No full textHigher education institutions and educators must provide their students with the opportunity to have global, intercultural, and collaborative experiences that will enable them to solve specific problems in different socio-cultural contexts. Industry 4.0 provides a very suitable context in which to carry out these experiences from home, thus contributing to the wider goals of environmental sustainability and global availability. This work analyzes students’ experiences and engagement when involved in collaborative online international learning (COIL), aimed at establishing how pluricultural competence can be digitally developed in the field of architecture at university level. The experiment was carried out as part of the assessments for first year undergraduate students enrolled in a bachelor’s degree in architecture in Piura, Peru and postgraduate students enrolled in a master’s degree in inspection, rehabilitation, and energy efficiency in Burgos, Spain. Results show that the experience motivated participants, with 48% responding that they were very satisfied, 38% extremely satisfied, and 14% moderately satisfied. The study’s findings confirm that pluricultural competence among students can be enhanced by using virtual cooperation. The learning experience offered participants the chance to boost their confidence and communication skills and to take part in a new learning environment as well as to exchange knowledge with international peers, thereby preparing them to form part of a global environment. © Authors
An innovative approach to assess the limitations of characterizing solar gains in buildings: A Spanish case study
No full textA minimal energy demand should be required in buildings both to optimize the performance of the building façade and to control solar gains. According to the existing studies and national standards, the climate zone classification is usually based on both the degree-days methodology and outdated climate data, thus managing HVAC systems inappropriately or leading to users’ thermal discomfort in indoor spaces. To evaluate the current limitations and to characterize solar gains in the Spanish building stock, an innovative approach is presented. For this purpose, seven clustering algorithms were implemented by distinguishing between winter and summer seasons during the calculation procedures. Solar irradiation from 8,948 locations in Spain were used. Likewise, the control of solar gains was analysed with the regulatory approach of Spain and with those developed through the study. The results of this research revealed that climate zones set by the Spanish Technical Building Code could imply to use values of monthly accumulated solar irradiation with discrepancies between 43.17 and 84.41 kWh/m2, compared to the real values. Hence, an accurate method focused on k-means clustering should be adopted. Furthermore, the results can be used for a more accurate analysis of solar control and improve the energy efficiency of buildings. © 2023 The Author(s