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Design and Validation of a Mobile Application for Construction and Demolition Waste Traceability
No full textMany studies have developed technologies intended to automate the process toward improving sustainability and achieving a circular economy in the construction industry. Despite some research works that have been recently conducted to help construction agents in the management of construction and demolition waste (CDW), developing new CDW monitoring and traceability tools—through a collaborative and integrative approach—is still an urgent challenge. This paper developed a hybrid mobile app for the real-time traceability of construction waste generation and management, where agents involved in CDW management can work together and trace the generation and management of waste. For this, a research method was developed following three stages: (1) planning and design, including identification of the information to be incorporated in the app and the output data; (2) development of the app; and (3) app testing by several construction agents, stressing the benefits and limitations. The developed app allows not only estimating but also tracing the amount of CDW generated in a construction project, ensuring the correct management and control of the waste. In addition, it promotes collaborative work, as the agents involved in CDW management, i.e., construction companies, site managers, truck drivers, waste managers, and management plants, can work together and see in real-time the management of the waste. © 2023 by the authors
BIM-based Assessment of Solar Glare Risk on a Road Section
No full textGlare is a lighting phenomenon that causes vision impairment or subjective sensations of visual discomfort. It can obstruct a drivers vision for a short period of time, resulting in sudden reductions in speed that can lead to collisions between vehicles or road collapses. Sun glare is one of the main factors that disturbs or obstructs vision. In addition, near the endpoints of a tunnel, the risk of glare is amplified when its axis has a clear east-west orientation due to the requirements of the layout. On the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a collaborative working methodology that allows the creation of parametric digital models of an asset (infrastructure or building). These contain the geometry and data necessary to support design, construction and maintenance operations. Moreover, simulations and analyses can be performed over the generated models to predict the behavior of the asset, or the circumstances that could affect it. This work evaluates the safety of a road section based on a methodology that generates and analyses the results of the solar lighting study using a file in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, an open standard for the exchange of BIM models. The developed methodology makes use of the geometric information of the linear work, the calculation of shadows and the BIM model. The case study is located on the island of Tenerife, at the exit of Santo Domingo tunnel (in Buen Paso direction), in the municipality of La Guancha. This section of road is characterized by three aspects: its orientation, its curved layout and the confluence of lanes it presents. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved
Workflow for high definition documentation of the roman archaeological site of Herrera (Seville)
No full textStructure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become in the last years one of the most used methodologies for three-dimensional recording in many scientific fields thanks to its great precision, low cost and speed. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow methodology to obtain precise results for the graphical documentation of an archaeological site with complex structures (Rouco & Benavides, 2023) The improvement of photogrammetric hardware and software has provided us with a tool of great value for archaeological research and survey. SfM photogrammetry has been widely applied to cultural heritage studies in a variety of ways, such as digitizing historical buildings, archaeological sites and artefacts. Improvement in UAV-mounted camera technology and calibration methods of non-metric cameras have expanded the use of photogrammetric modelling to non-professional and semi-professional users (Westoby et al. 2012). Although the potential of SfM photogrammetry allows obtaining 3D models with a very good graphic appearance using almost any type of camera, these models need certain calibration and adjustment processes in order to achieve enough precision for professional use. This paper focuses on discussing some important data capture workflow recommendations, as well as the new processing workflows implemented in Agisoft Metashape version 2.0, which improve 3D digital reconstruction and graphical documentation to make it complete and precise. The Herrera Roman Baths site offers an excellent opportunity to explore the complex casuistry in the record of cultural heritage due to the complexity in the registration of the structures and the high degree of precision and graphic resolution that the project required for the tasks of restoration of decorative elements. The existence of a roof structure that protects them has forced us to carry out a manual flight with a UAV at a very low altitude (4m), and to develop different modeling strategies to guarantee metric precision and a high level of detail. © 2023 University of LAquila, Department of Civil Construction, Building and Architecture, Environmental Engineering. All rights reserved
Impact of 3D Printing on the Overall Project Success of Residential Construction Projects Using Structural Equation Modelling
No full textAfter a decade of research and development, 3D printing is now an established technique in the construction sector, complete with its own set of accepted standards. The use of 3D printing in construction might potentially improve the outcome of the project as a whole. However, traditional strategies are often used in the residential construction industry in Malaysia, which causes serious public safety and health issues along with a negative impact on the environment. In the context of project management, overall project success (OPS) has five dimensions, such as cost, time, quality, safety, and environment. Understanding the role of 3D printing in relation to OPS dimensions in Malaysian residential construction projects would allow construction professionals to adopt 3D printing more easily. The aim of the study was to find the impact of 3D construction printing on OPS while considering the implications for all five dimensions. Fifteen professionals were interviewed to first evaluate and summarise the impact factors of 3D printing using the current literature. Then, a pilot survey was conducted, and the results were checked using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The feasibility of 3D printing in the building sector was investigated by surveying industry experts. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to investigate and validate the fundamental structure and linkages between 3D printing and OPS (PLS-SEM). A strong correlation was found between 3D printing in residential projects and OPS. Highly positive implications are indicated by the environmental and safety dimensions of OPS. Malaysian decision-makers may look to the outcomes of introducing 3D printing into the residential construction industry as a modern method for increasing environmental sustainability, public health and safety, reducing cost and time, and increasing the quality of construction work. With this study’s findings in hand, construction engineering management in Malaysia’s residential building sector might benefit from a deeper understanding of how 3D printing is used for improving environmental compliance, public health and safety, and project scope. © 2023 by the authors
The illegal urbanization of the island of Valdecañas (Cáceres): total demolition by Supreme Court ruling of 2022
No full textLa Sentencia de 9 de febrero de 2022 del Tribunal Supremo (TS), que ordena la demolición total de la urbanización sobre la isla artificial del embalse de Valdecañas (Cáceres), supone la mayor demolición en España de construcciones ilegales, con la singularidad de que la responsabilidad no es de una empresa privada ni de un particular, sino de la Administración. Contiene importantes repercu-siones para el Urbanismo en España: primero, porque impedirá las interpretaciones interesadas de los gobiernos autonómicos que han estado urbanizando el “suelo no urbanizable protegido” mediante diferentes coartadas, tras haber incluido el 23% del territorio español dentro de la Red Natura 2000, con valores ambientales o sin ellos; segundo, porque la jurisprudencia sentada por el TS cierra la puerta -que había dejado abierta en primera instancia el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Extremadura- para que las construcciones ilegales pudieran no ser demolidas, aceptando la excusa de su elevado coste, que habría imposibilitado el concepto legal de “reparación del daño causado”.The judgment of February 9, 2022 of the Supreme Court, which orders the total demolition of the urbanization on the artificial island of the Valdecañas reservoir (Cáceres), represents the largest demolition in Spain of illegal constructions, with the singularity that those responsible do not they are neither a private company nor individuals, but the Administration. It contains important repercussions for Urban Planning in Spain: firstly, because it will prevent the interested interpretations of the regio-nals governments that have been urbanizing the “protected non-urbanizable land” through different alibis, after having included 23% of the Spanish territory within the Natura 2000 Network, with or without environmental values; second, because the jurisprudence established by the Supreme Court closes the door - which the Superior Court of Justice of Extremadura had left open in the first instance - so that illegal constructions could not be demolished, accepting the excuse of their high cost, which would have made it impossible to legal concept of “reparation of the damage caused”
Thermal performance of historic buildings in Mexico: An analysis of passive systems under the influence of climate change
No full textThe commitment to energy efficiency in buildings has become more relevant as a measure to mitigate the increase in temperature established by the Paris Climate Conference. This phenomenon has increased in historic buildings, which are not designed to maintain an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the occupants despite the recent increase in temperature, resulting in intensive energy use. This research evaluates the thermal performance of a passive cooling system in a historic religious building through a correlational method. The analysis included different occupancy levels and the climate model provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The study considered meteorological data from the current scenario (2022) and two chronological progressions throughout the 21st century (2050, 2100). The meteorological database of future projections was collected by the Meteonorm software considering three climate change scenarios, specifically the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). The objective was to determine the effectiveness of the passive cooling system in mitigating climate change. The findings showed a reduction in radiative and conduction heat gains of 70 % in the current scenario and a decrease in temperature for the most unfavourable scenario (RCP 8.5 in 2100) between 1.4 °C and 1.9 °C. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using efficient passive systems to mitigate climate change in temperate climates
Monasterio de la Inmaculada Concepción en Loeches. Núcleo irradiador
No full textLa oficina de turismo situada junto a la entrada principal del monasterio de Loeches, en la zona de la iglesia, es la última intervención que se ha realizado en el edificio y, pese a su pequeño tamaño, tiene la ambiciosa misión de destacar la relación entre el conjunto monacal y la Villa
Una propuesta para la Casa de la Moneda
Get PDFLa primera cuestión a considerar es el destino del espacio. Por ello la propuesta que se plantea es que se recupere este espacio como plaza arbolada, como huerto urbano de frutales, una suerte de «patio de los naranjos» laico. Para realzar y poner en valor los lienzos de muralla se propone recuperar parte de la altura que quedó. Por otra parte, la Casa de la Moneda siempre fue un recinto cerrado, rodeado de murallas. La apertura actual de la calle Santander es una agresión reciente que se debe subsanar
Quan les catedrals eren blanques, les obres eren transparents. IPD, un model de contractes col.laboratius
No full textEl sector de la construcción presenta los índices de productividad más bajos de todos los sectores salvo el agrario. La excesiva mano de obra artesanal o la fragmentación del tejido empresarial suelen proponerse como posibles causas. Pero lo cierto es que el sector va en caída libre desde los años 70. En cambio, la última mitad del siglo XX ha sido la época dorada de la ciencia de la Gestión de Proyectos, pero ni tan siquiera se notó la explosión de la informática desde los 90 y vamos camino de malograr los avances con las nuevas tecnologías actuales. Las causas habitualmente aducidas no explican por sí solas la pésima situación. Por otra parte, es un hecho que el grado de cumplimiento de las expectativas en los Proyectos7 es pésimo. Siendo la construcción un sector vital para la economía de cualquier país ¿cómo es esto posible?. Argumentaremos que el verdadero lastre del sector es el paradigma que normaliza la falta de entendimiento entre los interesados. Y no solo la falta de entendimiento y comunicación, sino el visceral antagonismo de intereses que sistemáticamente arruina toda posibilidad de sumar los talentos implicados. Cualquiera en el sector reconoce y asume esta realidad como inevitable, y lucha denodadamente por sobrevivir sobre la balsa. Pero la mayoría de las propiedades no es consciente de que el sector AECO es incapaz en estas circunstancias de ofrecer el máximo rendimiento para sus inversiones. Con este panorama, IPD surge como respuesta directa al desencuentro, centrando el enfoque en la alineación de intereses, fomentando y asegurando el marco de colaboración y confianza entre todos los interesados, donde se puedan dar los mejores resultados posibles. Veremos cómo el sistema es sólido, está formalizado y es capaz de dar respuesta a casos reales. Pero además, demostraremos que LeanIPD hereda lo mejor de siglos de progreso. Estaba claro cuando se construyeron los imponentes rascacielos de los años 30. Era transparente cuando se levantaron las catedrales blancas del medievo. Solo cuando trabajamos juntos y en la misma dirección, es posible alcanzar de forma segura las metas más altas.The construction sector has the lowest productivity rates of all sectors except agriculture. Excessive craft labor or the fragmentation of the business fabric are often proposed as possible causes. But the truth is that the sector has been in free fall since the 1970s. On the other hand, the last half of the 20th century was the golden age of project management science, but the explosion of information techno-logy since the 1990s has not even been noticed, and we are on the way to failing to make progress with today's new technologies. The causes usually given do not in themselves explain the disastrous situation. On the other hand, it is a fact that the degree of fulfillment of expectations in the Projects is abysmal. Construction being a vital sector for the economy of any country, how is this possible? We will argue that the real drag on the sector is the paradigm that normalizes the lack of understanding among stakeholders. And not just the lack of understanding and communication, but the visceral anta-gonism of interests that systematically ruins any possibility of pooling the talents involved. Anyone in the industry recognizes and accepts this reality as inevitable, and fights hard to survive on the raft. But most properties are unaware that the AECO sector is incapable in these circumstances of delivering the maximum return on their investments. Against this backdrop, IPD emerges as a direct response to the mismatch, focusing on aligning inter-ests, fostering and securing the framework of collaboration and trust between all stakeholders, where the best possible outcomes can be delivered. We will see how the system is solid, formalized and capable of responding to real cases. But we will also demonstrate that LeanIPD inherits the best of centuries of progress. It was clear when the towering skyscrapers of the 1930s were built. It was transparent when the white cathedrals of the Middle Ages were erected. Only when we work together and in the same direction can the highest goals be safely achieved
Edificio Fioresta, en San Juan de Alicante. ¡Más Madera!
Get PDFEl uso de la madera ayuda a impulsar y mejorar el proceso de industrialización en la edificación, acortar los plazos de ejecución y aumentar el confort de las viviendas. Prueba de ello es este proyecto