RIARTE
Not a member yet
3980 research outputs found
Sort by
Management properties and procedures in the information model of the historic building hbim on building facades
No full textHistoric Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has become the ideal tool for professionals studying building conservation and restoration. The BIM model allows one to identify structural deformations following three-dimensionally resolved models. In addition, this methodology is specifically designed to register parametric construction models, as an information manager by adding semantic components to the model, including information on the different transformations of the historical artefact, and allowing continuous progress in the buildings life cycle. In this work, graphic information and data related to conservation projects are compiled that allow a management of all the documentation integrated in the same Project, from all the disciplinary fields related to the heritage conservation and rehabilitation process. Specifically, from the geometric identification and the restoration documents, it is intended to develop an experimental application where both terrestrial laser scanning records and the use of image processing routines can allow automatic operations to monitor alterations in façades, in order to subsequent control by conservation experts. For this, a building with certain characteristics has been chosen, such as the Miguel de Mañara palace in the city of Seville. A building that has a main façade of 43.30 metres in length by 6.75 metres in height and, in which its façade rotates in an angled guideline to adapt to the urban planning of the time. The analysis is based on the applicability of two segmentation algorithms and the construction of the multilayer enclosure model where the different stratigraphies of the results obtained are exposed. © 2023 M. D. Robador González et al
Semantic interoperability for cultural heritage conservation: Workflow from ontologies to a tool for managing and sharing data
No full textThe benefits of using BIM in the construction sector are now widely recognised. From this awareness comes the aspiration to have the same advantages for the Cultural Heritage (CH) sector, to obtain more sustainability in the process. Indeed, research in recent years has been orientated in this direction. Attempts to use BIM tools to CH have shown the limits of the ability to correctly represent and transmit information, especially on cultural value and conservation activities, and on the presence of available objects, due to the lack of specific content in IFC, which means a lack of interoperability. The provision of ontologies is necessary to allow interoperability. Ontologies permit the conceptualization of a representative model of reality by defining classes, attributes, and relationships that describe a domain. The research experiments and proposes a flowchart to connect a specific ontological model for Cultural Heritage in a BIM environment. Using Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS), it is possible to modify, improve, and adapt the functions according to the specific needs of users. In addition, this paper analyses the interconnectivity among three software in the BIM environment: FreeCAD, ArchiCAD and Revit, and the steps for an exchange of information between the geometric model and its semantic properties are established. The decorated umbrella vault of Masegra Castle in Sondrio was selected as a case study to show the application of the method and your tool. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
New lightened plaster material with dissolved recycled expanded polystyrene and end-of-life tyres fibres for building prefabricated industry
No full textThe overexploitation of natural resources and the shortage of labour in the building sector is encouraging the development of prefabrication applied to building. This is leading the agents involved in construction to increasingly opt for the application of prefabricated systems that optimise resources while shortening construction execution times. Thus, the main objective of this research is the development of a new lightweight construction material composed of plaster, in which the conglomerate has been partially replaced by dissolved expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste and the addition of textile fibres from end-of-life tyres (ELT). The results obtained after the physicochemical and mechanical characterisation of the new plaster composite show how a 31.3% lighter material is obtained, with a 66.7% lower thermal conductivity and a 33.3% higher flexural strength in plates compared to traditional gypsum material. This improvement in the technical performance of the composites produced, combined with the reduction in the consumption of natural resources and the large amount of waste recovered and reintroduced into the production process, confirm the suitability of the new construction material developed for use in the production of more sustainable prefabricated plates and panels. © 2023 The Author
Energy Self-Sufficiency Urban Module (ESSUM): GIS-LCA-based multi-criteria methodology to analyze the urban potential of solar energy generation and its environmental implications
No full textThe concentration of the population in cities has turned them into sources of environmental pollution, however, cities have a great potential for generating clean energy through renewable sources such as a responsible use of solar energy that reaches its rooftops. This work proposes a methodology to estimate the level of energy self-sufficiency in urban areas, particularly in a district of the city of Zaragoza (Spain). First, the Energy Self-Sufficiency Urban Module concept (ESSUM) is defined, then the self-sufficiency capacity of the city or district is determined using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds and cadastral data. Secondly, the environmental implications of the implementation of these modules in the rooftops of the city using the LCA methodology are calculated. The results obtained show that total self-sufficiency of Domestic Hot Water (DHW) can be achieved using 21 % of available rooftop area, meanwhile the rest of rooftop area, dedicated to photovoltaic (PV), can reach 20 % of electricity self-sufficiency, supposing a final balance of a reduction in CO2 emissions of 12,695.4 t CO2eq/y and energy savings of 372,468.5 GJ/y. This corresponds to a scenario where full self-sufficiency of DHW was prioritized, with the remaining roof area dedicated to PV installation. In addition, other scenarios have been analyzed, such as the implementation of the energy systems separately. © 2023 The Author
Sustainable building repair: A K-means approach to addressing fissures in ceramic brick partition walls
No full textThe purpose of this work is to determine, catalogue, and quantify failures appearing in ceramic brick partition walls after the delivery of buildings, based on claims filed by users and on the philosophy of learning from failures. To examine the more than 600 cases presented, technical affinity groups were defined for the descriptors used, a series of checks were carried out using cluster analysis, a proprietary procedure was implemented for calculating the risk of demands being filed, and a final risk assessment process was made, divided into five categories. It was found that there is a recurring presence of large cracks due to incorrect bond/connections between brick wall panels. The repair of the most frequent cause of Incorrect lock/connection of the panes was analysed in terms of CO2 emissions. The study of a large number of real cases, such as has been done in this paper, can allow us to advance and define new strategies to significantly minimise future failures, making it difficult for them to reach the usage phase of the building. The access to a type of data source never before used in the world to corroborate the types of damages and causes that occur in partitions (indicating their recurrence and evaluating user dissatisfaction) is unprecedented. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
Obtaining Replicas of Historical Plasterwork Using Photogrammetric Techniques and Additive Manufacturing
No full textThe use of techniques such as photogrammetry and laser scanning for the acquisition of geometric data in the field of heritage and conservation has become considerably widespread in recent years due to the great advantages they offer. In addition to being highly accurate, these techniques do not require direct contact for data acquisition. In this way, the integrity and preservation of the element to be recorded is guaranteed. Based on the three-dimensional registration of elements of great heritage value, it is possible, among many other applications, to reproduce them. Replicas have an essential role to play in restoration, heritage dissemination, analysis and study. This work analyses the suitability of different additive manufacturing techniques for obtaining moulds from which to reproduce heritage elements of great value, registered by using techniques such as photogrammetry or laser scanning. As a case study, different Mudejar plasterwork panels located in the Real Alcázar of Seville have been selected, contributing to their enhancement. The models obtained have provided the basis for the manufacturing of different moulds, from which singular details of the studied plasterwork have been reproduced. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Use of Audiovisual Methods and Documentary Film for the Preservation and Reappraisal of the Vernacular Architectural Heritage of the State of Michoacan, Mexico
No full textThe State of Michoacan has a wide and rich architectural heritage which is represented by different vernacular typologies which employ different materials and techniques according to the local resources. However, this wide knowledge and cultural heritage are disappearing, with several monuments and buildings being abandoned due to new dynamics and social changes. The traditional techniques have been substituted for modern and industrial construction systems since they are associated with obsolete ways of life. Through international cooperation for development and research projects, many activities were carried out to analyze the durability of local materials and vernacular constructions of the state. The main ones included the architectural survey and inspection of these buildings, photographic and drone surveys, characterization in the laboratory and oral interviews with local users. During the field work, these interviews with the local population, the creation of multimedia content and the use of audiovisual methods had crucial importance in the documentation of this local knowledge and culture, being great methods for scientific communication and dissemination. The main product is the documentary Xirangua, which means ‘roots’ in the Purépecha language, the main indigenous ethnicity in the state. This documentary explores the traditional architecture and construction of Michoacan, showing the reality within the loss of this vernacular heritage and portraying the importance of its conservation through the perspective of the local population, users and artisans. The use of these audiovisual techniques has demonstrated to be a suitable option to promote and preserve cultural heritage and educate, include the local actors in the process, and make the general public aware of the current issues, with this being one of the first works which explores this approach. © 2023 by the authors
New Technologies for New Materials and Products from Construction and Demolition Waste
No full textConstruction and demolition waste (CDW) accounted for almost 36% of total waste produced in the European Union in 2018. Growing recovery rates are achieved but mainly for low-value applications. Variable composition and characteristics undermine customers’ confidence who prefers primary materials with certified properties and at more competitive value/cost. Zero energy and waste targets are driving to rethink the waste value chain, necessitating a search for new technologies to reduce carbon emissions and waste volumes towards a more efficient and circular system. This paper presents an outline of the approaches to enhance CDW management that will be developed in the newly funded Horizon Europe project RECONMATIC. This project will develop digital and automated solutions to support advanced CDW management towards zero targets and will explore applications of technologies at different phases of the asset whole life cycle. Technical issues will be considered in aspects such as material segregation, pre-demolition audits, selective deconstruction, waste traceability procedures, as well as broader economical-societal issues such as business model, health & safety, sustainability, and technology readiness level. RECONMATIC aims to usher a paradigm change in CDW management by helping the construction industry taking a step change in circular economy development. © 2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland
Analysis of the design of conventional research facilities for small animals throw three different cases
No full textLas unidades de experimentación convencional de animal pequeño son instalaciones complejas de planificar y diseñar. Es por ello que a la hora de diseñar una nueva unidad puede resultar muy valioso recopilar la información que se encuentra disponible sobre unidades similares ya construidas para así poder analizar los diferentes modelos conceptuales y los flujos de trabajo que puedan servir de referencia para su diseño. En este trabajo, a través de expresiones gráficas estandarizadas, se estudia el modelo organizativo y el diseño conceptual de la unidad de experimentación convencional de animal pequeño de tres Institutos de Investigación Sanitaria acreditados por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A partir de la puesta en común de los resultados obtenidos del análisis de varios casos, se pueden sacar conclusiones que pueden ser de utilidad en el diseño de fututos centros, tanto para los investigadores como para los profesionales responsables de la programación funcional, diseño, construcción y puesta en funcionamiento de nuevos centros de experimentación convencional de animal pequeñ
SDG monitoring framework for rural settlements mapping interactions with the Spanish Urban Agenda
No full text2023 is the midpoint between the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 target date. Therefore, the scope must be effectively addressed because time is running out. Alignment with local agendas gives rise to the incorporation of measurable indicators since the relevant data are more closely linked to the territory itself. Currently, the Spanish Urban Agenda (AUE) is the only one that includes standards for municipalities with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants. Thus, its alignment is mainly focused on achieving SDG outcomes in rural settlements. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to understand the trade-offs, integrating the AUE into the “5Ps" of the SDGs and the “3 pillars” of sustainable development to have a decision-making tool. In this way, the descriptive local data of the AUE are used as indicators for the diagnosis of the SDGs. The methodology applied is the scientifically validated “RMap” methodology, consisting of knowing the context of the reference sources and locating the synergies of linkages. The main result is the SDG monitoring framework based on the AUE, with specific standard values for rural settlements, suitable to carry out voluntary local reviews (VLRs) for governments that until now, had no official reference data. © 2023 The Author(s