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Towards a more sustainable environmentally production system for the treatment of recycled aggregates in the construction industry: An experimental study
No full textThe reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste is becoming an advisable choice to reduce the consumption of key raw materials and the environmental impact generated by the construction of new buildings. This study proposes the introduction of two new stages of recycled aggregate processing that allow redesigning the production process of recycled aggregates towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly system: sieving with secondary crushing and washing. Based on an experimental study, our findings show that the new stages reduce significantly the content of impurities and the water absorption of recycled aggregates, obtaining a better final product (i.e. cement mortar) for buildings. Moreover, the new final product made with treated recycled aggregates also experiences significant improvements in their physical and mechanical properties (i.e.: increased on average, 5% in flexural strength, 6% in compression strength and reduced shrinkage by 2%), in turn reducing both the costs associated with the manufacture of the new product and its environmental impact compared to other products that solely include untreated recycled aggregates. The potential economic and solid waste management implications for firms that choose to deploy the new production system depicted are also discussed. © 202
The “Roman Bridge” of Cangas de Onís (Asturias, Spain) and the intervention of Luis Menéndez-Pidal (1940-1942): the recovery of the river landscape through the conservation of the bridge
No full textt El “puente romano” de Cangas de Onís que ha llegado a nuestros días es fruto de la importante restauración que el arquitecto Luis Menéndez-Pidal realizó entre los años 1940 y 42. Con esta intervención consiguió recuperar el puente, su funcionalidad e imagen, respetando las modificaciones históricas que el arquitecto consideró valiosas y apropiadas para su conservación. En el artículo se analiza el procedimiento de restauración y se valora un resultado que fue clave para la reconciliación entre el paisaje fluvial y el territorio, por las repercusiones que tuvo en la mejora del acondicionamiento paisajístico del municipio. La metodología empleada en el estudio se apoya en tres ejes: el estudio histórico preliminar, como instrumento auxiliar del proyecto de restauración; el análisis y la interpretación, desde una perspectiva arquitectónica contemporánea, de la documentación técnica desarrollada en esos trabajos; y, por último, el estudio directo del puente y su entorno.The “Roman bridge” of Cangas de Onís that has survived to the present day is the result of the important restoration works carried out by the architect Luis Menéndez-Pidal between 1940 and 1942. With these works Menéndez-Pidal managed to restore the bridge, its functionality and image, mantaining the historical alterations that the architect considered valuable and fitting for its conservation. The article analyses the restoration work’s procedure and assesses its final outcome, highlighting the positive impact that this project had in the municipality's landscape by reconciling the river landscape and the territory, . The methodology used in the study is based on three axes: the preliminary historical study, as an auxiliary instrument of the restoration project; the analysis and interpretation, from a contemporary architectural perspective, of the technical documentation developed in these works; and, finally, the study of the bridge itself and its surroundings
Industrialized Construction and Sustainability: A Comprehensive Literature Review
No full textThe industrialized model of construction is gaining more and more prominence in the specialized literature and in discussion forums wherein the different economic, social, and environmental advantages it offers compared with the traditional model are shown. The greater control over all processes results in savings in materials, less waste, less traveling to the construction site, and optimized energy consumption. Furthermore, this construction model often involves a higher quality finish and complex construction details of better quality. All these aspects make industrialized construction an interesting model from the perspective of sustainability. This study aims to investigate the relationship between industrialized construction and sustainability, and the benefits associated with it. A systematic review of the literature was performed based on research published between 2000 and 2022. The methodology followed consisted of searching for different combinations of keywords. Then, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted to see the total number of publications and study aspects, such as their temporal and geographical evolution, and the subject areas they dealt with. After this analysis, our discussion and conclusions revealed some of the gaps existing in the research studies conducted in order to propose possible lines of research for the future
How to Achieve Balance in the Life Cycle Equation of a Building?
No full textIn relation to embodied carbon, it is important to recognize that, building are a significant material bank, as they constitute a repository of high-carbon resources for many decades, according to Level(s) indicator 1.2 Thus, it is important to study designs that facilitate future reuse and recycling at the end of the building’s useful life. Until now, the practice of evaluating reversibility in building materials to establish the potential to avoid impacts, has been at an experimental level and for research purposes to verify the percentage of recoverability of materials at the end of their life cycle. This work present life cycle assessment of three buildings representing the design criteria efficiency, both in energy consumption and the optimal use of materials is carried out, under the “Cradle to Cradle” approach, considering manufacturing as the cradle and the reuse scenario as the second cradle, evaluating the circularity of the components classified as “critical elements” in indicator 1.2. The reduction in the carbon footprint in the life cycle of a building over a period of 50 years is achieved thanks to the benefits beyond the system, especially in two relevant aspects: 1. the independence of the use of fossil resource, which is the case of NZEB buildings 2. The closure of material cycles, through durability, reversibility, and recyclability
BIM Methodology in the Teaching of Graphic Expression in Civil Engineering
No full textThe inclusion of the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology in civil engineering degrees is an unavoidable fact. Although BIM is a work methodology that has been implemented mainly in the final-years subjects, it has a very important graphic component. One of the most interesting consequences of BIM related to Graphic Expression is the internal coherence of the project, since it is no longer a series of independent views. Now, we are working with a single model, and each of the generated planes will be always connected to that model and to that geometry. Therefore, BIM teaching implies updating the teaching of Graphic Expression, with innovative strategies that impact student learning. But, it is not the same to teach Graphic Expression through BIM than through traditional methodologies. Some authors state that the need for students to know how to ‘draw’ should be replaced by the ability to ‘model’ structures and their components. However, certain traditional techniques that are still effective should not be rejected, as they could also reinforce BIM learning in the future. Education, therefore, is polarizing into two points of view, which tend to reject and exclude the theories of the contrary, the traditionalist or analogical and the progressive or digital. In the Teaching Unit of Graphic Expression of the ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de Madrid we think that both points of view are compatible and necessary. In fact, we implement both throughout different subjects, since there is a very wide range of exercises about constructions of great geometric complexity that previously require the study of geometric drawing and classic representation systems, prior to the use of software. This does not mean using the same tools in the same way but supporting the traditional manual process of generating elevations and sections as an intrinsic part of capturing the mental model of the project. In this way, when the volumetric comprehension is complete, modeling with 3D BIM software (within the limits that, at least for now, software involves) is possible. To that end, we teach students how to use the program so that they can adapt the software to their purposes through the generation of their own parametric families. At this point the software becomes useful, since, if we know how to use it, we can model almost any structure, its construction and/or maintenance
3D Modelling and Printing for the Design of the Wooden Structure of the Church of San Martín de Plasencia, Spain
No full textThis paper exposes the methodology with 3D modelling and 3D printing for the design of the wooden structure of the church of San Martín in Plasencia, which is rebuilt after a fire. This experimental method provides advantages both to document and to be able to recover the correct architectural form in wooden structures of the historical heritage, as well as for the structural check and construction of the wooden assemblies
Tackling Difficulties When in Situ Measuring Façades U-value in Operational Stage
No full textAccurate measurements of the façades’ real thermal transmittance are important for the selection of suitable renovation strategies to enhance the energy efficiency of the European building stock to meet the European Green Deal commit-ments. However, during experimental campaigns using the standardised heat flow meter (HFM) methods, several aspects must be taken into account. The factors that can impact on the correctness of HFM on site measurements of façades U-value have been grouped in four factors: instrumentation, environmental conditions, the element being examined and calculating techniques
Characterization of Gypsum Mortars Dosed with Electric Arc Furnace Slags EAFS
No full textThe aim of the research shown in this paper is the study and characterization of gypsum mortars dosed with Electric Arc Furnace Slags (EAFS), produced in the steel manufacturing process with Electric Arc Furnaces in the Primary Metallurgy. For this, gypsum mortars with different amounts of EAFS have been designed using a Type B1 gypsum. Its qualities have been analysed in the fresh and hardened state, in order to value their suitability, in accordance with the technical requirements established in the European Union Norms. The results obtained allow to affirming that gypsum mortars dosed with EAFS are appropriate for use in masonry mortars, both for wall cladding and for being used as raw material for the production of precast materials, fulfilling the technical requirements of European standards
Espai Cràter. Un edifici integrat en el medi
Get PDFL’edifici de l’Espai Cràter no té la pretensió de presentar-se com un petit volcà, sinó que més aviat es mostra com una sala soterrada instal· lada a dins d’un volcà: el poc conegut volcà del Puig del Roser, situat a sota de la plaça de Braus d’Olot
Reutilització d’aigües grises i pluvials als edificis, una mesura més per fer front al canvi climàtic i l’escassetat d’aigua. Cal una major consciència hídrica
No full textL’actual episodi de sequera, en una gran part del nostre territori, ha tornat a posar de nou el focus d’atenció en la delicada situació hídrica que patim i que sembla oblidar-se quan es recuperen de forma natural els nivells normals en rius, pantans i embassaments. Per això, cal aplicar mesures per a la racionalització en l’ús de l’aigua i, entre elles, hi ha la reutilització de les aigües grises i pluvials als edificis. No cal reproduir en aquest article les nombroses dades climatològiques i estadístiques que aporten els serveis meteorològics, administracions públiques i mitjans de comunicació, per arribar, entre d’altres, a tres grans conclusions: 1r. Els episodis de sequera per manca de precipitacions seran cada cop més recurrents a causa del canvi climàtic. Això, hauria de comportar canvis importants en la nostra manera de viure. 2n. El canvi climàtic suposa el principal agent causant de l’anomenat estrès hídric, entès com a dèficit d’aigua crònic. Si la sequera és persistent, entre altres efectes, es perd la vegetació i els cultius, s’erosionen els sòls i s’inicia un procés de desertització del territori. 3r. Es requereixen infraestructures eficients, controlades de manera eficaç, per optimitzar els recursos hídrics disponibles minimitzant, per exemple, les importants fuites d’aigua en xarxes públiques de proveïment i sanejament