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An approach to HBIM methodology applied to the conservation of altarpieces: two case studies in the Canary Islands
No full textThe altarpiece is a heritage asset with specific formal characteristics, which justifies its registration in favour of its conservation and dissemination. Given its three-dimensional nature, this study proposes the use of the HBIM methodology to create a digital replica of the altarpiece, which constitutes an information model for professional, academic or informative use. Its application involves a set of processes, intervening agents and many options regarding tools-hardware and software-used according to the needs. We present two case studies: an altarpiece in its original location and another moved to a workshop, which poses different challenges on how to capture its physical configuration, what information to add and how to present it to the user. We propose a methodology for documenting altarpieces initiated in the Canary Islands and that could be extrapolated to the study ofaltarpieces from different periods and geographies
Integration of dynamic information on energy parameters in hbim models
No full textThe conservation of cultural heritage can be affected by different changes in temperature and humidity within architectural spaces, so energy performance and interior microclimate of historic buildings require adaptation to new maintenance and prevention studies. The search for these new investigations brings cultural heritage closer to new digital technologies such as Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). In this work, a new interdisciplinary methodology is developed between energy operators and BIM operators, so that a new framework is created to monitor energy parameters through intelligent sensors that measure temperature and humidity in the fully interoperable and semantically enriched 3D model itself. The studys commitment involves solving the interoperability workflow between sensors and the BIM platform, taking advantage of this new interconnectivity. For the study, a methodology applied to the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Seville was carried out, where from a survey through a georeferenced terrestrial laser scanner with topographic equipment, it is modelled from the point cloud, incorporating the sensors in the HBIM Project. In the workflow, it has been shown that the integration of microclimate data inside churches can be managed directly in the environment of an HBIM-based model and transfer a reverse flow in the process. © 2023 J. Moyano et al
Deep learning model for automated detection of efflorescence and its possible treatment in images of brick facades
No full textOne of the most common pathologies in exposed brick facades is efflorescence, which, although they often have a similar appearance, their effects and way of solving them can range from a one-off cleaning to a repair that involves adding or replacing the material. Therefore, the novel goal of this work is to verify whether it is possible to automate this task of distinguishing what type of intervention each brick needs. To do this, the methodology followed focuses on proposing, training and validating a deep convolutional neural network with the real-time end-to-end method that simultaneously predicts multiple bounding boxes and class probabilities for those boxes. For this, images of 765 building facades will be used, of which 392 were selected, proceeding to label 4704 bricks, resulting in that the model achieved a mAP maximum at epoch 100 with 0.894, which is therefore of interest for the creation of intervention maps. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Fuzzy model for predicting the strength of mortars made with Pozzalani cement and volcanic sand from electrical resistivity
No full textCoating mortars act as a physical barrier to protect the load-bearing structure against corrosion. However, not all mortars have the same protective capacity. Hydration in the early ages of manufactured mortars is a very influential parameter in their electrical resistivity values and in the evolution of their mechanical performance. In this work, the electrical resistivity data and its relationship with the evolution of the mechanical strength in different mortar dosages are analysed. From the data obtained, a predictive system with fuzzy logic is designed with the aim of predicting the value of the compressive strength of the mortar at the age of 28 days based on the electrical resistivity measurement obtained within the first seven days after its manufacture. The designed system has been validated with data from other mortar dosages not included in the design, proving to be a useful tool for establishing quality criteria for coating mortars. © 2023 The Author
Investigating a Workflow for Obtaining Physical Models from Digital Twins Obtained through Photogrammetry and TLS: New Ways for a Sustainable Dissemination of Heritage
No full textThe objective of this article is to generate and validate a workflow that allows us to print physical twins (models) from digital twins obtained from unique buildings of our architectural heritage. These physical twins will guarantee the preservation and diffusion of the cultural asset, and will promote new pedagogical ways to spread the heritage. In addition, these physical cufflinks are an interesting tool to guarantee universal accessibility through low-cost and rapid distribution typological models. We can overcome physical barriers and reach many more users, regardless of their economic, physical, or location conditions. To obtain this workflow, digital twins of architectural elements of high cultural value obtained by photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanner will be used. The digital twin will be optimized through different platforms, and an optimized exchange file will be generated for its dissemination and printing. A digital platform will be proposed that guarantees the free distribution of these digital twins to any user. Finally, the physical twins will be obtained. For the development of this work, we have chosen to use 3D resin printers with SLA technology (selective laser exposure to light by laser) due to their performance and high quality in the models obtained. © 2023 by the authors
Sources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health
No full textWith the rise of COVID-19, the society has had the need to search for information about the pandemic and the sources used to obtain information have been very diverse, with a greater predominance of social media, traditional media and consultation with loved ones. In addition, an excess of information has been observed in the media that made access and understanding difficult, as well as a constant concern and anxiety about health that caused a need to search excessively or repeatedly for information on health and disease. This information was not always endorsed by the scientific community and during the pandemic there has been the spread of misinformation, fake news and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 disseminated, mainly through social media. In this sense, both the knowledge and the beliefs apprehended have been able to impact the mental health of the population. © 2023 Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. All rights reserved
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: From Waste to Cement Manufacturing Resource
No full textThis study investigates the possibility of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material to replace part of the clinker in cement. Life cycle assessment has shown that the partial replacement of clinker with blast furnace slag (CEM III) reduces cement’s global warming potential by ~30%, while replacing clinker with fly ash reduces it by up to 55%. When using CEM III as the control binder in cement in which 55 wt% of the clinker was replaced with hydrothermally treated fly ash, the flexural strength decreased by ~60% and the compressive strength by ~65%. When the fly ash was mixed with calcined and vitrified demolition materials, flexural strength decreased by ~30% and compressive strength by ~50%. The hardening of the hydraulic binders fixed the heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. © 2023 by the authors
Victimsville. Or How Hedjuk Landed in Berlin 2030
No full textIn 1984, John Hedjuk presented an application for the Holocaust Memorial of Berlin competition with the name of Victims. A proposal that consisted in 67 structures, with 67 inhabitants in each one, that should be ubicated in the plot by the Berlin citizens. In 2020, a group of architecture students performed the citizens/structures of Victims in an exercise of future imagination, where this Victim’s inhabitants were living in Berlin 2031. This Victims plot performance, was based in the resources and technics used in Dogville film by Lars Von Trier. Welcome to VictimsVille. This paper is going to explain the pedagogical experience of an architecture course, focusing on the construction of a near and technological future as a tool for thinking and developing architecture in practice. The physical construction of the inhabitants of Victimsville, their needs and the prosthesis necessary to coexist and inhabit the Berlin of 2031, we will review and expand concepts such as cyborg (by Donna Haraway), digitalization, virtual reality, politics of care or the political dimension of citizenship. These inhabitants are developed in the abstract representation of the Victims structures (these small, mobile and symbolic architectural elements that Hedjuk design in his work), with the aim of build the domestic and intimate space of VictimsVille with their body and their actions (or performances). © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Application of digital image processing to mortar crack analysis
No full textImage analysis techniques can be used to detect and interpret the degradation processes that a material undergoes and to help identify the causes and mechanisms of degradation. Structures and morphological changes are also analysed to establish hypotheses about physical changes. Together with complementary analytical techniques, chemical and mineralogical changes can be evaluated. The methodological process consists of a sequential simplification of the initial micrograph: segmentation of the image, cleaning and isolation of the crack from associated elements, and crack skeletonisation. This method allows the previous image to be processed, thus successfully isolating the microcracks. It is also valid for their quantification. © 2023 The Author
Self-compacting concrete containing coarse recycled precast-concrete aggregate and its durability in marine-environment-related tests
No full textMarine environments are extremely challenging for the long-term durability of concrete. Prior validation of concrete durability is therefore a prerequisite to guarantee its adequate performance under marine environmental conditions. In this study, the performance of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with variable contents of coarse Recycled Precast-Concrete Aggregate (RPCA) and two different cement contents is assessed in terms of capillary water absorption, natural and accelerated carbonation, resistance to SO2 attack, and moist/dry performance in drinking water, marine water, and sulfate water. These tests are intended to simulate the conditions of a marine environment. In general, the results showed that an SCC containing coarse RPCA of adequate durability under marine conditions could be produced. On the one hand, porosity due to the presence of RPCA increased less as the cement content was increased, which in turn reduced water absorption and SCC carbonation. For example, the effective porosity of the SCC was reduced by 25 % between day 28 and day 180, following the addition of 100 % coarse RPCA. On the other hand, both the SO2-attack and the moist/dry tests revealed that the weight of the SCC with RPCA underwent greater variations, due to the reactions of the cement-hydration products with chlorides and sulfates, as well as salt deposition. However, SCC compressive strength was never adversely affected, as the concrete strength increased up to 8 MPa after the drinking-water and the sulfate-water moist/dry tests when using RPCA. According to both Ficks and Parrots models, the projected service life of all the mixes was over 100 years, regardless of the coarse RPCA content, making this sort of SCC a feasible option for construction in marine environments. © 2023 The Author(s