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The real estate rating terminal as a system for improving transparency in the real estate sector
No full textEl sector inmobiliario ha sido a menudo calificado como poco transparente debido, entre otras causas, a la limitada disponibilidad de datos. La actual incertidumbre internacional pone de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar en transparencia, en especial en sectores importantes de la economía del país, como el inmobiliario. Este sector es un refugio en épocas de incertidumbre y de altas tasas de inflación. En este contexto, tanto los inversores institucionales como los particulares requieren de una mejora del marco de toma de decisiones. El sistema tradicional basado fundamentalmente en el valor de los activos inmobiliarios resulta actualmente incompleto. A pesar de la actual coyuntura económica, en España se ha mejorado en el aspecto de la transparencia de su sector inmobiliario en los últimos años. La tecnología y la digitalización se están manifestando como componentes clave en esta mejora. A las herramientas y métricas tradicionales de asesoramiento en las inversiones del sector se suman otras nuevas, como las basadas en el concepto de riesgo, big data e inteligencia artificial. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución experimentada en estos últimos años en una de estas nuevas herramientas, la terminal de riesgos inmobiliarios
From Risk Assessment on Site to How to Improve Safety: An Easy “App” to Control Construction Site Conditions
No full textA construction site has specific risks and organizational conditions requiring on-site safety inspections. Paperwork inspections have important limitations that can be overcome by substituting paper records with digital registers and using new information and communication technologies. Although academic literature has provided several tools to carry out on-site safety inspections adopting new technologies, most construction sites are not currently ready to adopt them. This paper covers this need of on-site control by providing an application that uses a simple technology accessible to most construction companies. The main objective and contribution of this paper is to design, develop, and implement a mobile device application (App), named “RisGES”. It is based on the model of risk that grounds the Construction Site Risk Assessment Tool (CONSRAT) and on the related models that connect risk with specific organizational and safety resources. This proposed application is aimed to assess the on-site risk and organizational structure by using new technologies and considering all relevant resources and material safety conditions. The paper includes practical examples of how to use RisGES in real settings. Evidence for the discriminant validity of CONSRAT is also provided. The RisGES tool is at once preventive and predictive since it yields a specific set of criteria for interventions intended to decrease the levels of risks on-site, as well as to detect improvement needs in the site structure and resources for increasing the safety levels. © 2023 by the authors
Life-Repolyuse from the Laboratory to a Commercial Product as Part of the Circular Economy: The Entrepreneurial Approach
No full textThis work addresses the European Life-Repolyuse project entrepreneur approach as an example of how to transform a scientific laboratory material in a real market product in a fast and efficient way. The key aspect to reach the success was aligning the vast expertise of the Building Engineering Research Group (GIIE) from the University of Burgos, in the reuse of polyurethane foam waste with the involvement manufacturer of the new sustainable building material in the framework of a joint business collaboration. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd
Recycling of fines from waste concrete: Development of lightweight masonry blocks and assessment of their environmental benefits
No full textA significant body of research has been carried out to find suitable waste materials or industrial by-products that could replace portland cement and reduce the environmental footprint of the concrete industry. Many studies focus on technical aspects, lacking an assessment of environmental impacts associated with using these alternative materials, and the contribution to the sustainability of the sector remains unclear. In this paper, we present the development of lightweight blocks containing the finest fractions of waste concrete along with a holistic study of the developed products structural and environmental performance. The results demonstrate the feasibility of such a recycling strategy and its environmental benefits. However, despite replacing 60 wt.% of portland cement in the developed lightweight blocks, their carbon footprint is not negligible, and to reduce CO2 emissions in the construction sector significantly will require holistic measures that promote the reuse of whole building elements instead of their disintegration and subsequent recycling. © 2022 Elsevier Lt
Thermal and acoustic properties of new plasterboard composites with additions of cigarette butt waste
No full textA set of gypsum composites with four different types of cigarette butt morphologies were developed to evaluate thermal and acoustic properties. In addition, for the acoustic samples, another set of four different types of surface finishes were developed to assess the acoustic absorption coefficient. The thermal results showed that the recycled material could work as thermal insulator in all morphologies. But for acoustic, the residue must be placed vertically on the surface to achieves similar values to materials considered acoustic absorbers. Then, it is possible to manufacture a plasterboard with this composite that improves the properties of regular ones. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
Disconnected, yet in the spotlight: Emergency research on extreme energy poverty in the Cañada Real informal settlement, Spain
No full textCañada Real is a 15-km informal settlement located in Madrid, Spain. With over 8000 inhabitants most dwellers live below the poverty line in informal, low-quality housing. Due to the impossibility to have legal supply contracts with utility providers, Cañada Real settlers have relied on irregular connections to nearby electricity and water distribution networks for decades. However, in October 2020, technical changes implemented by the distribution system operator left some 4000 people without access to power, and more than two years later a large share of them remain in those conditions. Emergency research has been conducted to document the change in living conditions experienced by Cañada Real residents. Census data have been analysed together with primary data from a 39-household survey, data retrieved from electricity service continuity sensors and direct measurements of indoor thermal comfort in 12 households. This set of data provides unique evidence on the impact of a collective disconnection event of an unprecedented magnitude in an EU context. Results give evidence of a case of ‘extreme energy poverty’ that existing datasets and indicators fail to capture. The collective adaptation response displayed by a group of residents, who agreed on an intermittent, predictable disconnection schedule, highlights social fabric, self-organization and local capacities as resilience factors that provide temporary relief. Still, collective reconnection appears as a necessary first step to secure a minimum level of material living conditions. Political action is needed to modify the existing framework that marginalizes vulnerable dwellers as non-compliant customers, without any provisions against supply disconnections. © 2023 The Author
Evaluation of Geometric Data Registration of Small Objects from Non-Invasive Techniques: Applicability to the HBIM Field
No full textReverse engineering and the creation of digital twins are advantageous for documenting, cataloging, and maintenance control tracking in the cultural heritage field. Digital copies of the objects into Building Information Models (BIM) add cultural interest to every artistic work. Low-cost 3D sensors, particularly structured-light scanners, have evolved towards multiple uses in the entertainment market but also as data acquisition and processing techniques for research purposes. Nowadays, with the development of structured-light data capture technologies, the geometry of objects can be recorded in high-resolution 3D datasets at a very low cost. On this basis, this research addresses a small artifact with geometric singularities that is representative of small museum objects. For this, the precision of two structured-light scanners is compared with that of the photogrammetric technique based on short-range image capture: a high-cost Artec Spider 3D scanner, and the low-cost Revopoint POP 3D scanner. Data capture accuracy is evaluated through a mathematical algorithm and point set segmentation to verify the spatial resolution. In addition, the precision of the 3D model is studied through a vector analysis in a BIM environment, an unprecedented analysis until now. The work evaluates the accuracy of the devices through algorithms and the study of point density at the submillimeter scale. Although the results of the 3D geometry may vary in a morphometric analysis depending on the device records, the results demonstrate similar accuracies in that submillimeter range. Photogrammetry achieved an accuracy of 0.70 mm versus the Artec Spider and 0.57 mm against the Revopoint POP 3D scanner. © 2023 by the authors
Bridging the gap between health and safety performance and owner’s satisfaction in construction projects adopting pro-environmental construction practices: role of economic performance
No full textThe satisfaction of clients/owners, though very important as a determinant of construction project performance, has often been given very little attention in pro-environmental-related studies. To this end, this study’s aim is to determine how owner’s satisfaction (OS) can be realized via health and safety performance (HSP) and economic performance (EP) on construction projects that adopt pro-environmental construction practices (PCP) in Nigeria and to determine how the impact of HSP on OS can vary contingent on the level of EP. This study’s aim was realized through data obtained from a survey of 249 construction projects and analyzed by adopting the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results of this study signify that HSP has a significant positive effect on OS; the nexus between HSP and OS is partially mediated by EP, while EP moderates the HSP–OS link with high EP producing the stronger effect. The practical contributions of this research emanate from the fact that its findings show that the existing gap between the level of HSP and OS is partly due to EP. Also, projects with high EP have a greater influence on the HSP–OS relationship. Therefore, to bridge the gap between HSP and OS in construction projects that adopt PCP, due attention should be given to EP. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
The role of organizational factors in promoting workers health in the construction sector: A comprehensive analysis
No full textIntroduction: The number of physical and mental problems caused by occupational accidents and diseases increases every year. To control them, the safety climate at work is a recognized critical factor. However, a widely applicable model to capture the safety climate for various industries and organizations is lacking. Method: This study proposes a theoretical model to measure the direct and indirect effects of safety climate on workers physical and mental health, mediated by job satisfaction, in the construction sector. We propose a multidimensional construct of safety climate, considering the most salient factors from the literature, and including psychological capital as a new factor. Using data from the last wave of the European Working Conditions Survey (2015) in Spain, the proposed model was validated using structural equation modeling. Results: Our findings suggest that to further improve the mental health of construction workers, work-life balance and job rewards and compensation must be prioritized along with safety climate. As for physical health, safety climate and work-life balance are crucial. Finally, we provide some recommendations for construction company managers based on a ranking of all the factors affecting the safety climate and the workers’ health. © 2023 The Author(s
Design of lightweight concrete with olive biomass bottom ash for use in buildings
No full textThe ash generated during the combustion of biomass in electricity generation plants is a waste that has increased considerably in recent years, and whose management constitutes an environmental problem. In this regard, the recovery of biomass bottom ash as a partial replacement of natural materials for use in different civil engineering applications, as well as for the manufacture of construction materials, has been the subject of numerous studies that have shown its technical feasibility. However, for its application in the development of new sustainable materials, with thermal insulation properties, it is necessary to expand our existing knowledge of it. In this study, the use of bottom ash from original and processed biomass bottom ash in the manufacture of lightweight concrete, as a replacement for sand (15%–25%) and expanded clay (25%–35%), has been evaluated. In addition, after subjecting the ash to a grinding process, it was also incorporated into the concrete by replacing cement. The physical, mechanical, thermal and durability properties were evaluated according to regulations and the results showed that the thermal treatment applied to biomass bottom ash improved the mechanical performance of lightweight concrete. Likewise, thermal conductivity was reduced by up to 43%, which allows these concretes to be used as insulating materials in buildings. Therefore, this study shows the possibility of recovering biomass bottom ash in the manufacture of lightweight concrete for use in construction. © 202