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Humanística en el sector de la construcción. La visión de Riegl sobre valores patrimoniales
Get PDFEn el mundo de la edificación, donde la técnica es el pilar fundamental de la formación y el desarrollo profesional, la importancia de integrar una perspectiva humanística puede ser a menudo subestimada. Sin embargo, la integración de estos campos no solo enriquece la práctica competitiva, sino que también responde a una demanda creciente. En una reciente encuesta realizada entre colegiados de la arquitectura técnica, se destacó una percepción de insuficiencia en la formación para abordar proyectos de restauración, una disciplina que exige no solo conocimiento técnico, sino también una profunda comprensión de la historia, la cultura y fundamentos de distinta índole para poder intervenir
An Evaluation of the Technologies Used for the Real-Time Monitoring of the Risk of Falling from Height in Construction-Systematic Review
No full textThe construction industry has the highest number of fatal accidents compared to other industries. However, manual safety compliance monitoring is complex and difficult for safety engineers, and more automated solutions need to be found. The main research objective was to review the state of the art of real-time monitoring technologies used to assess the risk of falling from height in the construction sector. A systematic review is proposed in order to summarise the technologies used for real-time monitoring in the construction sector, following the PRISMA methodology. Only studies that assessed the risk of falling in real time were selected. From an initial set of 1289 articles, 40 were classified as strictly relevant to addressing the research questions. Various technologies that use artificial intelligence have been designed to monitor workers in real time and to send alerts to workers at any time in the event of a risk situation, thus preventing accidents. This study showed that new technologies are being introduced to predict the risk of a fall in real time, changing the approach from reactive to proactive and allowing this monitoring to improve workplace surveillance and safety. Further research is needed to develop effective systems that are easy for people to use without compromising productivity
Effect of steel fibres on the shear behaviour of SCC dry joints in precast segmental bridges
No full textThe purpose of connections in precast concrete segmental bridges (PCSBs) is to transmit significant compressive and shear forces, ensuring the stability and stiffness of the structure. Castellated dry joints are increasingly used for the connection of precast concrete elements in these regions of discontinuity. Due to the low tensile strength of concrete, the use of steel fibres to improve the shear strength of this joint type has become widespread. In addition, in recent decades self-compacting concrete (SCC) has become popular in the precast industry due to its workability and ease of placement. Although there are experimental campaigns that studied the influence of steel fibres on the shear capacity of castellated dry joints, experimental tests using normal strength self-compacting concrete (NS-SCC), with and without steel fibres, have not been found. Therefore, this research analyses the influence of adding steel fibres to NS-SCC to improve the mechanical behaviour and shear strength of castellated dry joints in PCSBs. An experimental campaign of 37 push-off-type tests was conducted to assess their effect on the cracking, failure mode, shear strength and residual strength of the joint. The study revealed improvements in post-peak behaviour and shear capacity, which became more significant for higher steel fibre contents. A comparison to other authors’ experimental results was made and indicated lower shear strength when using SCC. Additionally, the AASHTO formulation overestimated the shear strength of the NS-SCC joints tested in this study, except for the specimens with 80 kg/m3 of steel fibres
Study of the correlation of the mechanical resistance properties of Macael white marble using destructive and non-destructive techniques
No full textThe current research explores the influence of thermal gradients on the mechanical strength of Macael marble using both Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Destructive Testing (DT). The material undergoes various temperature gradients (−20 and 300ºC) in sets of daily accelerated aging cycles (100 cycles). The results illustrate the impact of thermal gradients and reveal a decrease in the material's mechanical properties of up to 24%. Moreover, the reduction observed in the initial cycles at lower gradients (50 cycles, −20/50ºC) continues to progress with the increasing intensity and number of cycles. Changes induced in the microstructure manifest as microcracks between calcite grains. The correlation coefficient R2 > 0.9 confirms the effectiveness of non-destructive tests as reliable techniques for assessing the material's strength capacity and potential deterioration
The European Green Deal and its translation into action: Multilevel governance perspectives on just transition
No full textThis paper explores the extent to which the concept of justice, embedded at the core of the European Union's public communications regarding its climate goals, is regarded coherently across governance levels. What do stakeholders across governance levels understand by justice and how is this reflected in their overall perceptions regarding the just transition? We aim to make both a conceptual and an empirically informative contribution by qualitatively exploring how the normative framing at EU level is translated via national contexts at the central level in Member States and then further to local communities via regional and local policy-making mechanisms, in four EU Members States – Finland, France, Germany, and Romania. Our work reveals the deeper impact that the differing interpretations of justice have on the shape policies take and on the allocation of funds, tasks, and responsibilities across governance levels
The search for paradise: Charlotte Perriand's canoe trip around Mallorca
No full textDuring the summer of 1932, Charlotte Perriand made a trip to the Balearic Islands, the relevance of which was reflected in her later memoirs. The trip began in Mallorca, following an itinerary that was unusual for the time: paddling around the island in a canoe. This article reconstructs the route Perriand followed while examining the precedents for the trip and its derivations in her later work, which centred on architecture for leisure and the enjoyment of nature. The article focuses on certain imaginaries that may have fuelled the trip, offering an analysis of the island topos and its subsequent interpretations in the mythological construction of the idea of paradise and emancipatory adventure. The expedition is also situated in its historical context, looking at the specific perspective of the avant-gardes in relation to popular culture, which ended up shaping the ideal of mediterraneity as part of the Modern Movement’s investigations. At the same time, the article points to the singularity of Perriand’s peripheral recognition of Mallorca, defining what is understood as a liminal approach to the territory, carried out mainly from the coastline, which syncopated the experience and the timing of the journey.Durante el verano de 1932, Charlotte Perriand realizó un viaje a las Islas Baleares cuya relevancia quedó reflejada en sus memorias posteriores. El viaje comenzó en Mallorca y siguió un itinerario inusual para la época: bordear la isla navegando en una canoa. Este artículo reconstruye la ruta seguida por Perriand, además de examinar los precedentes y derivaciones del viaje en la consolidación de su obra posterior, focalizada en las arquitecturas del ocio y el disfrute extremo de la naturaleza. El artículo se enfoca en ciertos imaginarios que pudieron desencadenar el viaje, como el análisis del topos insular y sus interpretaciones posteriores en la construcción mitológica de la idea de paraíso y la aventura emancipadora. También se analiza la expedición en su momento histórico, a partir de la mirada específica de las vanguardias hacia la cultura popular, en lo que acabará perfilando el ideal de mediterraneidad como parte de las búsquedas del movimiento moderno. Al mismo tiempo, se ha analizado la singularidad del reconocimiento periférico de la isla llevado a cabo por Perriand, definiendo lo que entendemos como una aproximación liminar al territorio, realizada principalmente desde una línea de costa que sincoparía la experiencia y los tiempos del viaje
Welcome[s]” experience: Tutorial action session at the beginning of the masters’degree in secondaryeducation-teacher training
No full textLa transición educativa hacia la formación para la profesión docente en educación secundaria, especialmente desde campos científico-tecnológicos, añade desafíos tanto para el profesorado como para el estudiantado. Para apoyar esta transición desde el inicio de los estudios dirigidos a la especialización docente, la acción tutorial universitaria emerge como una estrategia vital. Permite trabajar la competencia social y ciudadana, clave para fortalecer la capacidad del futuro profesorado de afrontar desafíos en el aula. El objetivo del presente estudio es presentar y analizar una experiencia orientadora diseñada como punto de inicio en la transición al Máster en formación del profesorado en educación secundaria desde un perfil de titulaciones del ámbito científico-tecnológico. La sesión se diseña combinando evaluación diagnóstica, gamificación y aprendizaje basado en casos. Mediante un estudio de corte descriptivo realizado mediante encuesta, se analiza la percepción del estudiantado, tanto a nivel global como en función de las diferencias generacionales y el género. Los resultados señalan una valoración muy positiva del diseño de la sesión en cuanto a la oportunidad de trabajar la dimensión social y la reflexión, independientemente de la edad y el género. Estos resultados validan el diseño propuesto para favorecer una transición más efectiva hacia la formación para la profesión docente.The educational transition towards training as a secondary education teacher, especially coming from scientific-technological fields, adds challenges for both lecturers and students. To support this transition since the beginning of the studies aimed at teacher specialisation, university tutorial action emerges as a core strategy. It facilitates the development of the social and citizenship competence, key to strengthening the future teacher's ability to face challenges in the classroom. The objective of the present study is to present and analyse a guidance experience designed as a starting point in the transition to the Masters' Degree in Secondary Education Teacher Training, in the scientific- technological itinerary. The session combines diagnostic assessment, gamification, and case-based learning. By means of a descriptive study conducted through a survey, the students' perception is analysed, both from a global perspective and considering generational differences and gender. The results indicate a very positive evaluation of the session's design in terms of the opportunity to work on the social dimension and reflection, regardless of age and gender. These results validate the proposed design to favour a more effective transition to the teaching profession
Evaluation of CO2 and TVOC concentration in a school in Palma during the month of June
No full textIn the context of a warmer climate, one of the population sectors most affected are children. Therefore, it is important to consider the study of school buildings since children invest there about 30% of their time. In schools, human activities (CO2) are the main sources of pollution, along with the emissions of construction materials and cleaning products (TVOC). Additionally, reaching good indoor air quality should not be to the detriment of adequate thermal comfort. This work aims to make a comparison between different classrooms of a school in Palma (Mallorca, Spain) by assessing the values of relative humidity, temperature, TVOC and CO2 concentration during the month of June, the warmest month. This study aims to contribute to the field with the achieved outcomes. It is observed that CO2 increases until it exceeds the limit levels, established by current policies, up to 54% of the time during school time. TVOC concentration also exceeds the limit, up to 65% of the time. On the other hand, indoor temperature is above the comfort range between 75 and 100% of the time, being higher than the outdoor temperature. The relative humidity is mainly within comfortable values
Open Government in Spain: An Introspective Analysis
No full textIn recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research analyzing open government initiatives that enable access to the information held by public bodies, promoting accountability and the fight against corruption. As there are few studies on intermediate governments to date, this research focuses on this level of government in Spain, one of the most decentralized countries in the world. The autonomous communities in Spain manage over 35% of consolidated public spending and are responsible for providing most social services, including health, education, and social services. To achieve this goal, the perceptions of the seventeen heads of open government in Spain’s autonomous communities were collected through a questionnaire. This approach fills a research gap as individuals outside of public administration have made the previous assessments. By allowing for a comparison with the conclusions reached by prior research, this study contributes to the creation of new knowledge. The study’s results are consistent with previous research and suggest that the open government in Spain is positively regarded, not falling below the European or global averages, and has a promising future despite significant obstacles, such as a resistance to change. Transparency is the most developed aspect of open government, while citizen collaboration ranks last. The autonomous communities of the Basque Country, Aragon, Castile Leon, and Catalonia have been identified as the most advanced in terms of open government. The analysis did not reveal any gender-based differences in opinion. Still, it did show variations based on age, the size of the autonomous community, or membership to the most developed group. Therefore, it is evident that promoting open government in the autonomous communities of Spain should continue
Procedure for Waste Prevention and Management to Implement Best Practices in the Design and Construction of a Building
No full textThis research develops a Waste Management System (WMS), which can be used during the design and construction stages of a building, and provides best practices for CDW prevention and management. For this, a literature review of studies dealing with best practices for CDW prevention and recycling was performed in order to develop the WMS, which is composed by eight procedures. Furthermore, the WMS was implemented in a construction company and individual interviews were conducted in order to know the main benefits and disadvantages of its implementation. The results of this study show that implementing a WMS improves CDW quantification, because the company obtains its own CDW generation ratio. The ratios will help construction agents to develop and write the CDW Management Plans and Reports and also achieve more accurate waste management costs. Finally, the integration of this CDW system with the company’s environmental management system supports the cohesion of the construction process organisation at all stages, establishes responsibilities in the field of CDW, and providing greater control of the entire process