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Bibliometric Analysis and Research Trends on Earthen Architecture and Construction
No full textEarthen construction is one topic that has received much interest lately due to its sustainability potential and upscalability in a circular production model. In recent years, the research projects and publications regarding this field have grown considerably, with a notable literature production that comes from many different disciplines and interdisciplinary approaches. In this sense, a bibliometric analysis allows to study, process and represent data from the existing literature and large bibliographic databases. This tool makes it easier to manage this extensive information regarding parameters such as the occurrence of keywords, authors, number of publications and citations by year, publishers, journals, and production by countries or institutions, among others. Nevertheless, the main outcome of this technique is the identification of the trends and directions of a certain topic or research line. A bibliometric analysis of the earthen construction and architecture literature production was performed in the Scopus database and processed with the software VOSViewer. The analysis of the keywords and their occurrence and emergence by year identifies the newest trends and research lines, more focused on the sustainable applications of these techniques and their inclusion into circular economy models. On the other hand, differentiated clusters of the literature production were found, showing the encounter between diverse disciplines and the different methodologies and approaches to the earthen architecture and construction phenomenon
JFML-IoT: Fuzzy Control for IoT Systems based on the IEEE std 1855-2016
No full textThe Internet of Things is revolutionizing how in-terconnected devices communicate and interact within several applications, ranging from health monitoring to smart city development. Yet, the data management in these systems is challenged by imprecision and noise inherent in Internet of Things environments. Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems have emerged as a solution, aptly handling the uncertainty and complexity in decision-making processes these environments present. However, current Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems implementations in Internet of Things often face limitations due to their ad-hoc nature and heavy reliance on specific hardware, thereby restricting their application in diverse and evolving Internet of Things infrastructures. In response to these challenges, we present JFML-IoT, an innovative open-source library that bridges the gap between Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems and Internet of Things devices. JFML-IoT extends the JFML library, implementing the IEEE Std 1855-2016 for Fuzzy Markup Language and adapting its capabilities to the unique demands of the Internet of Things paradigm. This library not only facilitates remote Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems deployment but also excels in generating source code for Internet of Things microcontrollers, thus enabling a new level of hardware abstraction and versatility. Our approach significantly enhances the scalability, flexibility, and integration of Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems within varied Internet of Things systems. To demonstrate the practical application and effectiveness of JFML-IoT, we conducted a case study in a real-world environment. This case study showcases how JFML-IoT can improve data management in Internet of Things systems, offering scalable, efficient, and adaptable solutions that are critical in modern Internet of Things applications
Experimental study of hybrid pine-birch glued-laminated timber beams assisted by digital image correlation technique
No full textThis paper presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of hybrid Pine-Birch Glued-Laminated Timber (GLT) beams. The study focuses on the performance of GLT beams with different lengths (2.1 and 2.8 m) and different compositions of birch (30 and 50%) and pine lamellas. The experiments were conducted using a four-point bending test and data were analyzed using Linear Voltage Displacement Transducers and Digital Image Correlation techniques. The results highlight that pure pine GLT beams exhibited brittle failure, while pure birch beams displayed a more ductile behavior. The hybrid GLT beams demonstrated a transitional behavior between the two. The presence of birch lamellas in the hybrid beams highlights the potential of these beams in structural applications, and significantly improves the global bending modulus of elasticity, bending strength, and flexural ductility compared to pure pine beams
Water-energy-food nexus in resilient cooling strategies for sustainable building design and retrofitting
No full textStrategies that enhance buildings’ cooling resilience within a climate change context might have significant implications in the water, energy and food domains, as they aim to ensure healthy indoor conditions. However, a comprehensive approach to resource management is still lacking when the resilience of buildings is increased. This paper develops a method to evaluate the integration of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus into buildings when resilient cooling strategies are developed for sustainable building design and retrofitting. The methodology first adapts the building overheating metrics set by the International Energy Agency. A literature review on WEF applications is then conducted, from which the most appropriate metrics for building contexts are selected and adapted to estimate resource self-sufficiency and WEF integration. Finally, the method is applied to a case study, to demonstrate its applicability in real-world scenarios. The results show that the highest WEF nexus index (77.54 %) is achieved through a combination of urban agriculture, photovoltaic panels and rainwater harvesting. While the proposed method does not exclude solutions that only address one or two WEF pillars, it encourages the adoption of strategies that integrate all three resources. This approach provides decision-makers with a framework to evaluate a wide range of solutions, prioritizing those that best address both the challenge of building overheating and the integration of the WEF nexus. In this way, buildings can be adapted to mitigate climate change impacts, use resources more efficiently, and prevent scenarios such as drought or food shortages
Risk perception of healthcare workers in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
No full textObjectives: To validate the items of the Emotional Impact Questionnaire coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) related to risk perception, estimating its degree, among healthcare workers in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, identifying possible associate
University-Company Project for the Active Learning of Graphic Expression Through the Processes of Analysis, Conception, Representation and Manufacture of a Stand
No full textThe subject Graphic Expression of the Degree in Technical Architecture has been chosen to develop a university-company research project. Different needs have converged in the project: on the one hand, a company, JOLAS, which produces playgrounds with recycled plastic material, which seeks to create a new business line aimed at developing new interior furniture designs based on the Circular Economy; on the other hand, the Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, which sees the need to revitalize its entrance hall, by creating a more visitor-friendly space; The third factor has been the KSIgune call, “Connection Projects”, which seeks to promote connection and collaboration between Higher Education and the cultural and creative sectors, and to promote cooperation between them; and, finally, the Graphic Expression subject, in which teaching is carried out through active methodologies and approaches aligned with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). These four factors have generated a joint line of work with fantastic results and which will lead to the production of a bleacher designed by a group of students and which will be placed in the hall of the School. This communication explains the process carried out in the subject
Optimizing Masonry Mortar: Experimental Insights into Physico-Mechanical Properties Using Recycled Aggregates and Natural Fibers
No full textThe European Green Deal establishes the efficient management of construction resources as one of its main lines of action. In this sense, the recovery of construction and demolition waste for its reincorporation into the manufacturing process of new sustainable materials has become necessary for the industry. This work deals with the physical and mechanical characterization of cement mortars made with recycled concrete aggregates and reinforced with natural fibers. The reinforcement fibers used (abaca, coconut, and toquilla) are more environmentally friendly compared to traditional synthetic reinforcements. The aim of this research is to analyze the main physico-mechanical properties of these sustainable cement mortars. The results show that mortars made with recycled sand have a lower density and better thermal performance than traditional mortars. In addition, with the incorporation of these natural fibers, the flexural strength of the mortars with recycled aggregate increased by up to 37.6%. Another advantage obtained from the incorporation of these natural fibers is the reduction in shrinkage in the masonry mortars during the drying process, giving them greater dimensional stability and making their behavior similar to that of traditional mortars. Thus, this work shows the potential application of masonry mortars produced under circular economy criteria and their application in the building sector
Les comunitats energètiques: Una revolució en marxa
Get PDFL’autoconsum energètic compartit a nivell local ha arribat per quedar-se. I per canviar moltes coses. Milers de persones s’han associat ja en entitats sense ànim de lucre per produir i consumir la seva pròpia energia verda. S’ha parlat de la revolució de les teulades, i té fonament, perquè el canvi va més enllà de l’aprofitament d’un bé inesgotable com és el sòl. Permet la democratització de l’energia sota una nova normativa europea que estableix el dret a generar energia i compartir-la
Mejora de la eficiencia energética en vivendas protegidas: una compleja tarea
Get PDFLejos queda ya la reconstrucción del país después de la guerra civil española, la cual quedó limitada por la escasez de acero entre 1941 y el 1960. Solo hay que recordar el Decreto sobre restricciones de hierro en edificación, que se publicó el 11 de marzo de 1941, y su reglamento de aplicación, publicado el 2 de agosto del mismo año. Esto llevó a arquitectos, técnicos, y constructores a idear sistemas de viviendas sociales con la mínima participación de dicho material a la hora de construir las llamadas, “casas baratas”. En Girona un pionero excelso en estos sistemas fue el arquitecto Ignasi Bosch i Reitg, el cual hizo un gran trabajo social al diseñar grupos de viviendas que fuesen adecuados para vivir pero que, a la vez, tuvieran la seguridad suficiente, a pesar de las limitaciones de la época. Para ello estudió, diseñó, calculó e intentó difundir un sistema de bóvedas de ladrillo plano de una sola hoja, sobre paredes de ladrillo sencillas, que tuvieran solidez suficiente para soportar las cargas de los edificios proyectaba. Dicho estudio lo publicará, inicialmente, en un documento para el concurso bienal de 1947 del Colegio de Arquitectos de Catalunya y Baleares titulado “Bóvedas vaídas tabicadas”. Posteriormente volverá a publicarlo más estructurado, el 1949, en la Revista Nacional de Arquitectura del Colegio de Arquitectos de Madrid con el nombre “La bóveda vaída tabicada”. En este caso con un apartado de cálculo y fotografías de obras levantadas con su sistema. En Girona, tenemos un buen número de ejemplos de barrios enteros, con viviendas de planta baja y piso, construidas con este modelo que, después de 71 años, siguen con una salud envidiable, a pesar del paso de los años y de la sencillez de su sistema constructivo. De hecho, dicha sencillez y configuración, llevó al Ayuntamiento de la ciudad, en 1993, a proteger un grupo de estas viviendas con el PLAN ESPECIAL DEL GRUPO SAN NARCISO (nombre del barrio), el cual limita mucho las actuaciones de reforma y rehabilitación de las casas. Esta protección complica, en exceso, el objetivo europeo de descarbonización ya que, la premisa “Primero, la eficiencia energética”, choca directamente con la normativa municipal porque esta no permite, por ejemplo, la colocación de un SATE por el exterior, que sería el sistema ideal para eliminar puentes térmicos, junto con otras muchas limitaciones. El estar inmersos en la mejora energética de una de estas casas, con completa reforma interior, nos permite exponer las soluciones adoptadas para conseguir una rehabilitación integral del inmueble, cumpliendo las restricciones del plan especial y, a la vez, consiguiendo una reducción significativa de las emisiones de CO2, pasando de 59,3 a 15,7 kgCO2/m² al año (de E a B), lo que representa una reducción del 73,42%, a pesar de la complejidad de la obra. La ponencia describe las actuaciones que se han llevado a cabo para mantener la configuración original de la vivienda, así como su estructura/fachadas protegidas, que es lo que exige la normativa municipal, mejorando mucho su eficiencia energética.Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de Españ
Fichas Fundación MUSAAT. Clasificación y topologías de la carpintería exterior
No full textEsta ficha de la Fundación Musaat para contribuir a la mejora de la calidad de la edificación está centrada en los distintos tipos de carpintería exterior que existen en el mercado