Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 diagnosis in adult dialysis patients: prediction model assessment in a group of Italian patients
Get PDFBackground: To increase the diagnostic rate of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in the adult dialysis setting, a prediction model based on five readily available clinical parameters was recently developed and validated in an adult hemodialysis population. To further test the prediction model in clinical practice, this case series describes the retrospective application of the diagnostic algorithm in a group of adult dialysis patients with PH1 treated at different Italian nephrology centers. Methods: Between January and May 2023, adult patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing chronic hemodialysis with a genetic diagnosis of PH1, followed at 14 Italian nephrology centers, were selected for the retrospective application of the prediction model. Results: The presence of at least one red flag of the diagnostic algorithm was reported in most patients (14 out of 15; 93%), two red flags were present in four patients (27%), and three red flags in two patients (13%). A history of active nephrolithiasis was the most common clinical feature (87% of patients), followed by early dialysis initiation, nephrocalcinosis and a family history of CKD (20–27%). Conclusions: Our study provides further evidence on the real-world application of a simple algorithm, implemented by easily accessible clinical parameters, to be used as a screening tool for diagnosing PH1 in adult patients undergoing dialysis. The successful implementation of this prediction model has the potential to facilitate timely diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and inform targeted therapeutic interventions in this patient setting
Le competenze educative dell’operatore e dell’operatrice dell’accoglienza migranti. Un’esperienza di sviluppo di comunità professionale nel contesto bolognese = Educational skills of migrant reception operators. An experience of professional community development in the Bologna context
No full textNegli ultimi due anni, chi scrive è stato impegnato in un processo di sviluppo di comunità professionale che ha coinvolto circa una sessantina di professionisti/e del settore dell’accoglienza migranti nella Città Metropolitana di Bologna. Il focus del processo è stato posto sulle competenze educative nei contesti dell’accoglienza dei migranti. Strumenti di ricerca come focus group, interviste non strutturate, analisi di casi e osservazione partecipante sono stati utilizzati per analizzare i cambiamenti in corso e le esigenze emergenti nel contesto professionale. In questo contributo, ci si concentrerà sui casi più frequenti e di nuova emersione che richiedono competenze pedagogicamente fondate. La crescente consapevolezza dell'importanza della dimensione educativa in questo contesto contrasta con l'inasprimento delle politiche di respingimento che rendono ancora più difficile il già complesso lavoro di accoglienza. Opporsi a questa egemonia culturale significa anche promuovere l'empowerment professionale di coloro che sono coinvolti nel campo
Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: Galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
Get PDFWe introduce the AIDA-TNG project, a suite of cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations that simultaneously model galaxy formation and different variations in the underlying dark matter model. We consider the standard cold dark matter model and five variations, including three warm dark matter scenarios and two self-interacting models with a constant or velocity-dependent cross-section. In each model, we simulated two cosmological boxes of 51.7 and 110.7 Mpc on a side with the same initial conditions as TNG50 and TNG100, and we combined the variations in the physics of dark matter with the fiducial IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. The AIDA-TNG runs are thus ideal for studying the simultaneous effects of baryons and alternative dark matter models on observable properties of galaxies and large-scale structures. We resolved haloes in the range between 108 and 4×1014 M⊙ and scales down to the nominal resolution of 570 pc in the highest-resolution runs. This work presents the first results on statistical quantities such as the halo mass function and the matter power spectrum. We quantified the modification in the number of haloes and the power on scales smaller than 1 Mpc due to the combination of baryonic and dark matter physics. Despite being calibrated on cold dark matter, we find that the TNG galaxy formation model can produce a realistic galaxy population in all scenarios. The stellar and gas mass fraction, stellar mass function, black hole mass as a function of stellar mass, and star formation rate density are very similar in all dark matter models, with some deviations only in the most extreme warm dark matter model. Finally, we also quantify changes in halo structure due to warm and self-interacting dark matter, which appear in the density profiles, concentration-mass relation, and galaxy sizes
Nematode Infections in Commercially Important Squid Species: Distribution Patterns and Food Safety Issues
Get PDFIntroduction: Cephalopods represent a valuable fishery resource worldwide and play a crucial role in the marine food chain both as predators and prey but also as paratenic hosts for the transmission of Ascaridoids, including zoonotic nematodes of the Anisakidae family. This study aimed to assess the presence, tissue distribution and species composition of zoonotic parasites in four squid species marketed in Italy, coming from four different FAO areas. Methods: A total of 238 squid specimens, Illex sp., I. coindetii, I. illecebrosus and Todaropsis eblanae, were caught across four FAO areas and examined using both visual inspection and the UV-press method. The collected larvae were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Results: Third stage larvae of nematodes were detected in 22.3% of the squids (18.8% Illexsp., 18.3% I. coindetii, 48.8% I. illecebrosus and 23% Todaropsis eblanae), with Anisakis simplex (s.s), A. pegreffii, Hysterothylacium spp. and Lappetascaris spp. being identified through morphological and molecular analyses. The UV-press method has proved to be significantly more effective than visual inspection. Additionally, the lack of molecular data on Raphidascarididae species, particularly Lappetascarisspp., complicates taxonomic classification, emphasising the need for an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and genetic methods. Conclusion: Given the increasing consumption of raw and undercooked cephalopods, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring zoonotic parasites and improving molecular techniques to enhance food safety regulations and minimise health risks to consumers
The relationship between stress shielding, bone density changes and implant migration, failure and fracture after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review
Get PDFPurpose: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represent a well‐established treatment for advanced osteoarthritis. Despite advancements in implant design and materials, the impact of stress shielding on bone mineral density (BMD) and its relationship with implant migration, loosening, and fracture remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to evaluate the association between stress shielding, BMD changes, and implant outcomes after TKA.
Methods: A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Four major databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (WOS), EMBASE) were thoroughly reviewed.
Results: A total of 491 studies were initially identified, of which nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Eight were randomised controlled trials, and one was a prospective observational study. All
studies were conducted in clinical settings, comprising a total of 467 patients. BMD variations due to stress shielding were most pronounced during the first 6–12 months postoperatively. However, except for one isolated case, no direct correlation was identified between BMD changes caused by stress shielding and implant migration, loosening or fracture.
Conclusions: This systematic review highlights that variations in bone mineral density due to stress shielding are not directly correlated with implant failure, migration or loosening in TKA. Stress shielding remains a critical phenomenon, particularly in the early postoperative phases, emphasising the importance of optimised materials, fixation methods and implant designs to reduce bone loss and improve long‐term stability. Due toits recognised occurrence in clinical practice, further in vivo studies would contribute to a better understanding of the stress shielding
A Finite Element–Finite Volume Code Coupling for Optimal Control Problems in Fluid Heat Transfer for Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Get PDFIn this work, we present a numerical approach for solving optimal control problems for fluid heat transfer applications with a mixed optimality system: an FEM code to solve the adjoint solution over a precise restricted admissible solution set and an open-source well-known code for solving the state problem defined over a different one. In this way, we are able to decouple the optimality system and use well-established and validated numerical tools for the physical modeling. Specifically, two different CFD codes, OpenFOAM (finite volume-based) and FEMuS (finite element-based), have been used to solve the optimality system, while the data transfer between them is managed by the external library MEDCOUPLING. The state equations are solved in the finite volume code, while the adjoint and the control are solved in the finite element code. Two examples taken
from the literature are implemented in order to validate the numerical algorithm: the first one considers a natural convection cavity resulting from a Rayleigh–Bénard configuration, and the second one is a conjugate heat transfer problem between a fluid and a solid region
La cognizione dell’orrore. La guerra del Gaddus, in La mostra “Cantieri di Gadda”. Quasi un Catalogo, a cura di Mariarosa Bricchi, Paola Italia, Giorgio Pinotti, Claudio Vela
No full textIl contributo propone la sezione "La cognizione dell’orrore. La guerra del Gaddus" della mostra Cantieri di Gadda. Il groviglio della Totalità, inaugurata presso il Politecnico di MIlano il 12 giugno e allestita fino all'11 ottobre 2024. Questa prima sezione, dedicata alla guerra, presenta in forma di biografia intellettuale, il primo Gadda durante la prima guerra mondiale, che metterà alla prova il suo patriottismo e la sua idea di nazione, tragicamente finita con la disfatta di Caporetto e la deportazione a Celle Lager, dopo l'ottobre 1917
Why the Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages does fit within EU competence. A response to the Advocate General’s opinion
Get PDFThe report analyses the AG opinion delivered in the case on
the annulment of Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on Adequate
Minimum Wages, filed by Denmark, pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union
Italy: the EU Criminal Cooperation Instruments at the Test in Italy – Procedures and Critical Profiles
No full textThe implementation into the Italian legal system of the EU instruments of judi-
cial cooperation – namely, the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), the European
Investigation Order (EIO), and the Regulation 1805/2018 on the Mutual
Recognition on Freezing and Confiscation Orders – followed very different
paths, depending on the margin of discretion allowed by each EU legislative
instrument and the entity of discrepancies with the national procedural law.
The Chapter aims to illustrate the process of implementation of
these EU cooperation instruments in Italian procedural law, carefully ana-
lysing the most noteworthy issues that emerged over the years. To this end,
relevant pieces of legislation, related amendments, and salient case law will
be considered. Before delving into the critical issues affecting the implementa-
tion of each specific instrument, we provide an overview of their transposition
in the Italian system
Incidence of meniscal tears in skeletally immature patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture: Medial tears are more common in patients closer to skeletal maturity while lateral tears in those with more remaining growth
No full textPurpose To report the prevalence of meniscal tears observed in patients with open physis and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and to examine the relationship between meniscus tears and remaining growth. Methods Skeletally immature patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between June 2022 and June 2024 in a single institute were included. Patients were considered skeletally immature if the pre-operative knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an open physis. MRI was used to determine the bone age of the patients, and the patients were divided into two groups as >1-year and <1-year remaining growth. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the continuous variables with normal distribution, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used in the case of non-normal distribution. Fisher exact test to compare dichotomous categorical variables. Results A total of 57 skeletally immature patients (77% male), with a mean age of 14.8 +/- 1.4 years, underwent ACL reconstruction during the study period. A total of 61 meniscal tears were found in 58 patients, resulting in 84% of patients having at least one meniscus tear. Lateral meniscus (65%) tears were observed most frequently during arthroscopy. Moreover, longitudinal tears (23%) were found to be the most common lateral meniscus pathology and Ramp lesion (35%) was found to be the most common medial meniscus pathology. A significantly higher prevalence of meniscal tears was reported in patients with >1-year of remaining growth (p = 0.0162). While medial meniscus tears are more common (52% vs. 18%; p = 0.0195) in patients with <= 1-year remaining growth, lateral meniscus tears are more common in patients with >1-year remaining growth (88% vs. 55%; p = 0.0179). Conclusion Medial meniscus tears were more present in patients close to skeletal maturity while lateral tears were more common in patients with higher remaining growth. Considering the high number of false negatives of meniscal tears in preoperative MRI, high suspicion for specific tears should be used taking into account also the patient's remaining growth