Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Comparative Remarks on Mutual Recognition Instruments of Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters
Get PDFThe objective of this Chapter is to give a concise report on some of the most relevant trends emerging from a comparative analysis of national legal frameworks concerning the three cooperation tools studied in this research: the European Arrest Warrant (infra, §13.3), the European Investigation Order (infra, §13.4) and the Regulation 2018/1805 on freezing and confiscation orders (infra, §13.5).1 Such mechanisms have been examined from a twofold perspective. The first approach is a transversal legal comparative methodology. Due to the limited remit of this contribution, the analysis does not aim at listing all incongruencies in the cooperation framework and practices in the selected Member States (Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands). On the contrary, it focuses on identifying different normative or jurisprudential approaches that seem to generate or incentivize divergent solutions in the functioning of the examined cooperation mechanisms. The second perspective adopted in the research originates from a multi-disciplinary approach, that combines legal and computer science expertise (infra, § 13.2). Thanks to a semantic and textual examination of legal texts, in a previous research project,2 the elaboration of “harmonization indexes” and “heat maps” based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, facilitated the identification of similarities and lacunas in the design of implementation measures across domestic systems
“Which data am I?” The making of migrants’ scattered subjectivities and the impossibility of giving an account of oneself
No full textAbstract
This paper interrogates the making of digital subjectivities that stems from the multiple data extraction that migrants experience. It argues that the digitalisation of the border regime does not produce data double as discrete and intelligible objects of knowledge; rather, it generates scattered digital subjectivities. Relatedly, it contends that the scattered dimension of subjectivities indexes modes of violence beyond blatant law infringements: migrants are haunted by traces that disrupt their journeys. The paper starts by taking stock of scholarship on digital borders and migration, illustrating the pitfall of analyses that assume a discrete digital subject. Focusing on the French-Italian border, the article moves on by reconstructing the production of scattered digital migrant subjectivities. The third section shifts from digital subjectivities as an object of knowledge towards the effects of extractive processes on migrants: it shows that migrants feel disintegrated and unable to give an account of themselves, that is of putting order in their life. It concludes arguing that an analysis of the digitalisation of the border regime should investigate jointly the production of scattered digital subjectivities and the effects of disintegration that it generates on migrants
Harnessing quasiperiodic pattern to widen the low-frequency band gap of quasi-zero-stiffness metamaterials
No full textWhile the quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) property has been widely incorporated into locally resonant (LR) metamaterials to facilitate the opening of low-frequency band gaps, the resulting gap widths typically remain narrow. In response to this limitation, here we introduce a new type of QZS LR metamaterial. In our design, the compression of resonators is systematically modulated by a quasiperiodic pattern, leading to the emergence of the well-known Hofstadter butterfly spectrum with a fractal network of frequency gaps. These fractal gaps, elucidated by the integrated density of states (IDS), exhibit topologically nontrivial characteristics and are traversed by edge-localized modes. Leveraging the advantageous fractal effect, we optimize the modulation parameters of the quasiperiodic pattern. The optimized quasiperiodic configuration demonstrates the ability to open a low-frequency and wide band gap—a significant increase (465%) in width compared to a periodic configuration with a compression of 5 mm. This work is anticipated to serve as a valuable guide for designing broad low-frequency band gaps, thus offering potential applications in vibration reduction and wave attenuation purposes
Wearable Technologies as Technological Mediation: from Body Art to Speculative Scenarios in HumanTechnology Relations
No full textQuesto articolo vuole indagare le attuali relazioni fra l’umano e la tecnologia nelle varie configurazioni che si instaurano tra corpi umani e tecnologie wearable. L’analisi usa le teorie sviluppate dalla filosofia post-fenomenologia,
fra cui, la teoria della mediazione tecnologica – un concetto secondo il quale la tecnologia media la percezione umana del mondo – e la teoria della multistability, secondo cui tutti i tipi di relazione fra tecnologie e umani assumono usi e significati diversi in base a una serie di fattori, fra i quali le intenzioni dei designers all’uso personale che il consumatore ne fa, tutti comunque mediati da dimensioni temporali e socioculturali dell’uso di un certo tipo di tecnologia in un determinato momento storico. Il saggio osserva che allo stato attuale esistono due tendenze principali riguardanti le tecnologie wearable: da un lato, un approccio agli artefatti tecnologici intesi come strumenti per migliorare la qualità della vita degli esseri umani; dall’altro lato, la tecnologia è un’entità complementare e integrata all’esperienza umana. Per indagare meglio queste due prospettive, l’autrice indagherà due esempi di pratiche artistiche: da una parte, il pioniere della Cyborg Art Neil Harbisson per la prima, mentre, dall’altra, il lavoro speculativo di Ian Cheng riguardo l’incorporazione delle IA nella coscienza umana per la seconda prospettiva. L’obiettivo principale è quello di cogliere i gradi e i tipi di mediazione tecnologica tra gli esseri umani e il mondo realizzati dalle tecnologie wearable nel presente e nel futuro prossimo.This paper wants to investigate current human-technology relations in
configurations between human bodies and wearable technologies. It does
so by using post-phenomenological theories related to technological media
tion, a concept according to which technology continuously mediates be
tween humans and the world. This strand of the philosophy of technology is
based on multistability, a theory built on the premise that all kinds of relations
between any kind of technology assume different uses and meanings based
on a range of factors – going from the designers’ intent to the very personal use that an individual makes of a given device, mediated by temporal and so
ciocultural dimensions. The author observes that there are two main tendencies concerning wearable technologies in the current state of the art: on the one side, an approach to technological artefacts as instruments to improve the quality of life of human beings – going from simple technologies like eye
glasses to more complex artificial limbs; on the other hand, technology works
as a complementary entity within human experience. To better understand these two perspectives, the author will investigate examples from artistic
practices of pioneers of Cyborg Art to explore the former, while will include
speculative works by Ian Cheng’s on the incorporation of AIs into human consciousness for the latter. The main aim is to grasp the degrees of mediation between humans and the world made by wearable technologies in current
times and in possible coming scenarios
Rec. "C. Catenaccio (2023). Monody in Euripides: Character and the Liberation of Form in Late Greek Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 217. ISBN: 978-1-009-30012-4"
Get PDFRev. "C. Catenaccio (2023). Monody in Euripides: Character and the Liberation of Form in Late Greek Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 217. ISBN: 978-1-009-30012-4
An Orchestration Platform for In-Network DDoS Attack Detection with P4 Programmable Switches
No full textThe growing reliance on digital connectivity has
made Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks a critical com-
ponent of modern society, yet they remain a prime target for
cyber threats. In recent years, cyberattacks against ISPs have
increased in scale and sophistication, posing severe risks to
national security, economic stability, and user privacy. The advent
of in-network computing and programmable data plane presents
a paradigm shift in network security, offering the flexibility to
define, modify, and optimize packet processing logic dynamically.
Among these advancements, the P4 programming language
plays a crucial role, allowing network operators to implement
fine-grained traffic monitoring directly within network devices.
By leveraging in-network computation, P4 facilitates real-time
anomaly detection, making it a powerful tool for mitigating
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. However, orches-
trating security functions across a distributed network of P4
switches remains a challenge, requiring an efficient and scalable
deployment framework.
In this paper, we present an open-source orchestration plat-
form for managing and deploying P4-based security programs to
enable real-time DDoS detection. Our solution leverages dynamic
programmability to enhance network security. By integrating a
novel queue monitoring mechanism directly into the data plane,
our approach enables the collection of fine-grained network
performance metrics in real-time, facilitating faster and more
precise attack detection and mitigation. The proposed framework
is highly scalable and adaptable, strengthening ISP networks
against evolving cyber threats
Strengthening policy action to tackle social acceptability issues in European aquaculture
Get PDFDespite the rapid development of aquaculture worldwide, production has stagnated in Europe and North America, notwithstanding the public policies that support the sector. This stagnation may stem from the insufficient integration of social dimensions into aquaculture governance, often characterized by top-down policies and technology-driven approaches. While environmental, economic and social factors significantly influence the social acceptability of aquaculture, environmental impacts, such as habitat degradation and the spread of disease, have historically dominated regulatory frameworks. Today, low social acceptability appears to be the major obstacle to the sector's growth, highlighting shortcomings in terms of stakeholder engagement, transparency and fairness in the distribution of the benefits generated by the sector. This paper reflects the collective insights from the ICES Working Group on Social and Economic Dimensions of Aquaculture, emphasizing that challenges to social acceptability of aquaculture are widespread but context-dependent and remain insufficiently addressed in public policies related to aquaculture development. This paper recommends broadening governance beyond environmental concerns to include social and economic dimensions from the outset, strengthening public participation in decision-making processes and adopting holistic, socially informed marine spatial planning. In addition, it highlights the importance of recognizing the role of informal governance mechanisms and the production of meaningful social data as essential aspects to foster community acceptance and the sustainable development of aquaculture. Adapting aquaculture policies to local contexts through inclusive and adaptive governance is therefore essential to the sustainable growth of the sector
Unveiling the origins: Multi-analytical study on the provenance determination of white marble from the ecclesiastical complex of Beati Severi basilica in Classe (Ravenna, Italy)
No full textThe strategic role of Ravenna (Italy) in the northwestern Adriatic became particularly evident in the early fifth century, when it assumed the role of a sedes imperii and developed into a key center of the Western Roman Empire. This prominence was significantly supported by its seaport Classis, which functioned as one of major hubs for the trade and cultural exchange across the Mediterranean. In the past, the precious marble artefacts in Ravenna and its artistic circuit were described exclusively from stylistic and typological points of view, with no scientific methods employed for determining provenance. This study presents the results of a multi-analytical investigation into fifteen white marble samples, representative of the late antique and early medieval contexts of the ecclesiastical complex of Beati Severi Basilica in Classe. To determine the provenance of the marble, a combination of mineralogical-petrographic techniques (including polarizing, cathodoluminescence and electron microscopy, as well as X-ray powder diffraction) and geochemical methods (stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis and trace element content via ICP-MS) was employed. The geochemical data were processed using discriminant analysis and compared with reference datasets from known ancient quarries. Most calcitic samples were identified as Proconnesian marble. The remaining calcitic samples were attributed to Aphrodisias, Dokimeion, and Thassos-Aliki (Thassos-2). Two dolomitic samples were attributed to the Cape Vathy/Saliara (Thassos-3), although without statistical evaluation. For the studied marble samples, the most diagnostic factors for provenance determination were a combination of microscopic features (microfabric, grain size, mineral composition, and CL microfacies), carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and trace element contents – primarily Mn, Sr, Y + REEs, and Pb. Although the combination of the aforementioned methods proved the generally accepted hypothesis that the Ravennate marbles originated from the Proconnesos quarries, it also revealed that these were not the only source. The provenance determinations of marble, imported to Ravenna and Classe in Late Antiquity and reused in the Middle Ages, offers critical insight into the city’s role within Mediterranean trade and cultural networks. It further underscores Ravenna’s orientation towards the Eastern Mediterranean, and its function as a redestribution centre in the broader regional context
Small and Stable Pancreatic Cysts Are Reassuring During Surveillance: Results From the PACYFIC Trial
Get PDFBackground: Pancreatic cysts are increasingly discovered on imaging studies performed for unrelated conditions. Currently, surveillance of these lesions poses a substantial burden on patients, and health care recourses. We hypothesized that individuals with small and stable cysts have a diminutive risk of progressing to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or pancreatic cancer (PC) that is similar to that in the general population. Methods: This nested PACYFIC-study is a collaboration among 44 centers in Europe and Northern-America, and investigates the risk of HGD and PC for different cyst sizes and growth rates in participants without baseline worrisome features (WF) or high-risk stigmata (HRS). Results: Of the 2369 PACYFIC participants, 975 met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 67 years (SD 13) and 65% being female. Of these, 438 individuals (45%) had a baseline small cyst size (< 15 mm), and 885 (91%) individuals had a slow growth rate (< 2.5 mm/year). During a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 27), 20 individuals (2.1%) developed HGD, or PC. Individuals with small cysts had a 1.5-fold lower risk of developing WF or HRS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.7 [0.5–1.0], p = 0.03) than those with larger cysts but a similar risk of developing HGD or PC (p > 0.05). Slow growth was protective against the development of WF or HRS (HR 0.4 [0.2–0.6], p < 0.001) and HGD or PC (HR 0.04 [95% CI 0.02–0.12], p < 0.001). Individuals with small, stable sized cysts without baseline WF or HRS did not have a higher risk of HGD or PC than the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 1.13 [95% CI 0.01–6.30]). Conclusion: Cyst size < 15 mm and growth rate < 2.5 mm/year appear to be “reassuring” features associated with a negligible risk of developing WF or HRS and HGD or PC. For cysts with these characteristics—and without baseline WF or HRS—less intensive surveillance (than currently recommended) or even cessation may be appropriate