Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Partecipazione politica e capitale sociale
No full textIn questo capitolo abbiamo visto come la partecipazione politica, nelle sue forme visibili e invisibili, continui a essere una dimensione chiave del capitale sociale, seppure forme di partecipazione politica non convenzionali siano sempre più rilevanti. Gli indicatori da noi utilizzati, partecipazione al voto e quote di giornali venduti, sono quelli proposti da Cartocci (2007). Si tratta di indicatori territoriali che hanno nel tempo perso parte della loro salienza, visto il ruolo crescente dell’astensionismo di protesta e la diffusione dell’informazione digitale.
Sul piano empirico, due sono le principali risultanze emerse in questo capitolo. Si è rilevato innanzitutto che i nostri indicatori di partecipazione politica visibile e invisibile disegnano geografie persistenti nel tempo e fra di loro coerenti. In secondo luogo, la geografia disegnata dai due indicatori risulta molto coerente con quella rilevata negli studi precedenti
Conclusion
No full textThe volume develops an innovative analysis of EU cooperation mechanisms in the criminal matter through the lens of a computational approach to the law. This multi-level research tackles both EU and national legislation. The comparative analysis of the European Arrest Warrant, the European Investigation Order and Regulation 1805/2018 is integrated with legal informatics research, translating into computable language the relevant EU and national legislation. This breakthrough perspective highlights potentially uncovered deficit of the normative texts and enhances comparative analysis of legal systems, adding a novel viewpoint to the debate on the interaction between criminal matter and technology
Circumnavigando l''arcipelago' familiare: omosessualità e unioni omosessuali tra diritto civile italiano e diritti a base religiosa
No full textÈ di palmare evidenza come nella ‘liquidità’ dell’epoca moderna il matrimonio, tradizionalmente definito quale unione esclusiva tra un uomo e una donna, sia oggetto di profondi mutamenti, all’interno dei quali i diritti delle persone omosessuali hanno acquisito uno spazio inaspettato, oscillando tra antiche resistenze e inedite aperture. Muovendosi entro queste coordinate, il saggio si propone di raffrontare quella pluralizzazione dei modelli familiari viepiù invalsa nel contesto italiano ed europeo con l’istituto matrimoniale e le unioni omoerotiche nei diritti dei tre monoteismi. In particolare, sull’abbrivo di una disamina della nota Legge Cirinnà e della cospicua giurisprudenza in tema di ‘rainbow families’, lo scritto perlustra la parabola evolutiva sia della dottrina cattolica sull’omosessualità – sino a lambire il magistero più recente, approdando alla scottante questione delle benedizioni delle ‘coppie irregolari’ –, sia delle pronunce della Rota Romana in merito all’omofilia come causa di nullità del matrimonio canonico. Successivamente, si indagano le unioni samesex sotto il profilo del diritto islamico ed ebraico (con una fugace incursione pure nell’ordinamento israeliano) onde mettere in luce non solo le esegesi tradizionali sul tema, ma altresì quelle più innovative e inclusive. Infine, l’elaborato si conclude con alcune riflessioni de iure condendo circa la necessità di un legislatore che affronti lo spinoso problema dell’omogenitorialità ponendo al centro dell’attenzione l’autentico e concreto interesse del minore, adottando soluzioni che, lungi dall’essere manifestazioni di interessi egoistici e individuali, siano il frutto di una libertà responsabile.It is clear how in the ‘liquidity’ of the modern era marriage, traditionally defined as an exclusive union between a man and a woman, is the object of profound changes, within which the rights of homosexual persons have acquired an unexpected space, oscillating between ancient resistances and new openings. Moving within these
coordinates, the essay aims to compare the pluralization of family models increasingly prevalent in the Italian and European context with the institution of marriage and same-sex unions in the laws of the three monotheisms. In particular, on the premise of an examination of the well-known Cirinnà Law and the considerable jurisprudence on the subject of ‘rainbow families’, the paper explores the evolutionary parable of both the Catholic doctrine on homosexuality – up to touching on the most recent magisterium, arriving at the burning issue of the blessings of ‘irregular couples’ –, and of the pronouncements of the Roman Rota regarding homophilia as a cause for the nullity of canonical marriage. Subsequently, same-sex unions are investigated from the perspective of Islamic and Jewish law (with a fleeting foray into the Israeli legal system) in order to highlight not
only the traditional exegeses on the subject, but also the more innovative and inclusive ones. Finally, the paper concludes with some de iure condendo reflections on the need for a legislator who addresses the thorny issue of same-sex parenting by placing the authentic and concrete interest of the minor at the center of attention, adopting solutions that, far from being manifestations of selfish and individual interests, are the fruit of responsible freedom
Frequentist and Bayesian Sequential Experiments for Pandemic Disrupted Clinical Trials: Can Novel Methodologies Deliver Greater Value for Health Care Systems?
No full textLo strano (?) caso dell’Emilia Romagna. Il suicidio assistito tra etica clinica e delibere amministrative, Responsabilità medica – Diritto e pratica clinica, 2/2025.
No full textA Febbraio 2024 la regione Emilia-Romagna ha deliberato
un percorso di accesso al suicidio medicalmente
assistito attraverso la creazione del Comitato regionale
per l’etica nella clinica e l’emanazione di Istruzioni tecnico-
operative che regolano l’intero processo.
La scelta regionale, pur fornendo una cornice entro
cui muoversi, garantendo quindi una uniformità a livello
regionale di gestione delle richieste, ha sollevato
alcune problematicità di natura etica che il presente
contributo affronta. Nello specifico, questo contributo
si concentra sul ruolo delle regioni nella presente
materia, sul ruolo dei comitati per l’etica nella clinica
e sulla differenza tra suicidio medicalmente assistito e
cure palliative
Sex differences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: insights from the DiAPAson study using a data-driven approach
Get PDFPurpose Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) display notable sex differences: males have an earlier onset and more severe negative symptoms, while females exhibit affective symptoms, better verbal abilities, and a more favourable prognosis. Despite extensive research, areas such as time perception and positivity remain underexplored, and machine learning has not yet been adequately utilised. This study aims to address these gaps by examining sex differences in a sample of Italian patients with SSD using a data-driven approach. Methods As part of the DiAPAson project, 619 Italian patients with SSD (198 females; 421 males) were assessed using standardised clinical tools. Data on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, symptom severity, functioning, positivity, quality of life (QoL), and time perspective were collected. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) was used to define data-driven clusters. A leave-one-group-out validation was performed. Results Males were more likely to be single (p < 0.001) and less educated (p = 0.006), while females smoked more tobacco (p = 0.011). Males were more frequently prescribed antipsychotics (p = 0.022) and exhibited more severe psychiatric (p = 0.004) and negative symptoms (p = 0.013). They also had a less negative perception of past events (p = 0.047) and a better view of their psychological condition (p = 0.004). Females showed better interpersonal functioning (p = 0.008). PCA and GMM revealed two main clusters with significant sex differences (p = 0.027). Conclusion This study identifies sex differences in SSD, suggesting tailored treatments such as enhancing interpersonal skills for females and maintaining positive self-assessment for males. Using machine learning, we highlight distinct SSD phenotypes, emphasising the need for sex-specific interventions to improve outcomes and QoL. Our findings stress the importance of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach to address sex-based disparities in SSD. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ID ISRCTN21141466
Defending the security of the EU constitutional order against malicious cyber activity: Reflections on the cyber-targeted sanctions regime.
No full textThe European Union has gradually developed a complex and evolving legal
framework aimed at managing cybersecurity issues, although national security remains an exclusive responsibility of the Member States pursuant to Article 4(2) TEU. Cybersecurity, indeed, represents a specific component of the supranational strategy for a ‘Security Union’ against exogenous influences that could undermine the EU constitutional order based upon the values set in Article 2 TEU. The article aims to examine recent developments in the Union’s cybersecurity instruments under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) from a constitutional perspective, considering the EU’s value-based legal framework. In particular, the analysis focuses on the adoption of restrictive measures against cyber malicious activities from abroad as instrument of CFSP to counter this type of threat. Based on the challenges that characterise this system of sanctions, the article critically assesses the consistency with the EU’s constitutional constraints and its effective
contribution to the Union’s security, alongside that of the Member States
Enhancing value creation in short food supply chains through digital platforms
Get PDFThe digital transition toward sustainable food systems is a key challenge, boosted by recent policy initiatives to build up digitalized and sustainable business models at farm and territorial levels, which may address new opportunities for alternative food systems. The paper presents the results of an anticipation exercise whose purpose is to identify the value-generating potential of digital platforms for short food supply chains and compatibility issues. The starting point was a theoretical distinction of value into primary and secondary values, where the first is absorbed by supply chain actors, and the second goes beyond supply chain boundaries in the form of social, environmental, ethical, and cultural benefits. In the empirical analysis of the study, the awareness-knowledge-adoption-product sequence was instrumental in investigating the potential adoption of the two different digital solutions and assessing their effectiveness in terms of expected benefits. For the analysis, data were drawn from a sample of farmers who distribute their products through short food supply chains in Italy. Results reveal that digital innovations represent socio-technical phenomena whose value-generating capacity is socially context-dependent and that, beyond their function as marketplaces or information-storing devices, these platforms can help pursue sustainability-related goals
The initial management of mild and moderate burned patients in the emergency department: an expert consensus statement
No full textEarly diagnosis and treatment of burn patients are a key issue in the emergency setting. With the
aim of assisting physicians in the diagnosis and subsequent management of burns in emergency
departments (EDs), a Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was designated. A group of 6 Italian
experts (2 emergency physicians, 2 emergency medicine nurses, and 2 dermatologists chief of a
burn center) developed a consensus document based on the available evidence and their clinical
experience on the fundamental steps to be followed in the ED in the management of patients with a
mild to moderate degree burn. The expert consensus statement proposed can assist emergency
physicians in applying the results of clinical studies and clinical experience to routine care settings,
providing guidance on all aspects of 7 steps: prehospital treatment, centralization criteria, transport
(equipment and composition of the healthcare team), management of ED phase, clinical evaluation,
treatment of pain and disposition
Natural vs programming language in LLM knowledge graph construction
No full textResearch on knowledge graph construction (KGC) has recently shown great promise also thanks to the adoption of large language models (LLM) for the automatic extraction of structured information from raw text. However, most works rely on commercial, closed-source LLMs, hindering reproducibility and accessibility. We explore KGC with smaller, open-weight LLMs and investigate whether they can be used to improve upon the results obtained by systems leveraging bigger, closed-source models. Specifically, we focus on CodeKGC, a prompting framework based on GPT-3.5. We choose a variety of models either pre-trained primarily on natural language or on code and fine-tune them on three datasets used for information extraction. We fine-tune with prompts formatted either in natural language or as Python-like scripts. In addition, we optionally train the models with prompts including chain-of-thought sections. After fine-tuning, the choice of coding vs natural language prompts has a limited impact on performance, while chain-of-thought training mostly leads to a performance decrease. Moreover, we show that a LLM can be outperformed by much smaller versions on this task, after undergoing the same amount of training. We find that in general the selected lightweight LLMs outperform the much larger CodeKGC by as much as 15–20 absolute F
points after fine-tuning. The results show that state-of-the-art KGC systems can be developed using smaller and open-weight models, enhancing research transparency, lowering compute requirements, and decreasing third-party API reliance