Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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AI-Enhanced Cybercrime Profiling Understanding Behaviorial Patterns in Online Offenders
Get PDFThe evolution of cybercrime poses significant threats to global security, with perpetrators exploiting digital vulnerabilities using increasingly sophisticated techniques. Profiling such offenders demands innovative approaches beyond traditional methods. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing cybercrime profiling by identifying behavioral patterns among online offenders. Leveraging Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), and neural networks, AI systems can detect suspicious activities, predict potential threats, and analyze digital footprints to classify offenders into behavioral archetypes. The study discusses various AI models used for behavioral profiling, such as decision trees, clustering algorithms, and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and evaluates their accuracy and limitations. Through a systematic literature review and case study analysis, this research highlights the role of AI in early detection, real-time monitoring, and predictive profiling. It also outlines the ethical considerations and challenges in adopting AI-driven profiling systems in law enforcement. The findings support the conclusion that AI-enhanced behavioral profiling is a promising tool for modern cybersecurity and forensic intelligence
From Waste to Resource: Nutritional and Functional Potential of Borlotto Bean Pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
No full textBorlotto bean pods, a by-product of Phaseolus vulgaris processing, represent a promising yet underexplored source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, and biological properties of a food-grade extract obtained from borlotto bean pods (BPE). Nutritional parameters were assessed using standard AOAC methods, while primary and secondary metabolites were identified and semi-quantified via 1H-NMR and LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through six complementary assays: DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, ORAC, ferrous ion-chelating activity, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in vitro by evaluating the inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and protease activity. BPE showed significant antioxidant capacity across all assays, indicating both hydrogen atom transfer and electron transfer mechanisms, along with metal chelation and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Additionally, BPE inhibited protein denaturation and protease activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results highlight the potential of borlotto bean pods as a sustainable source of nutritionally and functionally relevant compounds. Future studies should focus on the bioavailability of active constituents, formulation into delivery systems, and in vivo validation to support potential nutraceutical applications
Local Vs Nonlocal De Giorgi Classes: A brief guide in the homogeneous case
Get PDFWe give a brief and concise guide for the analysis of the local behavior of the elements of local and nonlocal homogeneous De Giorgi classes: local boundedness, local H ̈older continuity and Harnacktype inequalities. In the local case, we promote a simplified itinerary in the classic theory, propaedeutic for the successive part; while in the nonlocal case, we gather recent new developments into an unitary and concise framework. Employing a suitable definition of De Giorgi classes, we show a new proof of the Harnack inequality, way easier than in the local case, that bypasses any sort of Krylov-Safonov argument or cube decomposition
Union’s Tech-Related Sanctions and Moving Frontiers of the European Integration: Reflections on an Evolving Legal Landscape
No full textTechnological factor is increasingly important in the Union’s approach to restrictive measures taken under the Common Foreign and Security Policy. By virtue of this, the purpose of the present article is to analyze the EU legal framework for sanctions targeting aspects closely related to technological developments, with a specific emphasis on the EU response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. An attempt will also be made to contextualize the phenomenon in a broader dimension, which in turn can be traced to the transformations of EU law in the face of challenges of constitutional impact: the Union’s digital transition, the quest for European strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty, and the progressive strengthening of the supranational security paradigm
Enhancing Performance in Human–Robot Collaboration: A Modular Architecture for Task Scheduling and Safe Trajectory Planning
Get PDFThe integration of robots into shared workspaces alongside humans is the basis of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC). This field of research has changed the paradigm of the industrial context, making HRC of pivotal importance for both researchers and the industry. In this context, a suitable task scheduling and trajectory planning strategy are crucial to achieve good performances and create a synergy between the two actors. Indeed, the task scheduling should be able to optimally distribute the tasks between the actors and recover from possible failures, i.e. by rescheduling the tasks. The trajectory planning strategy must comply with the safety standards that impose a reduction of velocity based on human behaviour. To this end, the monitoring system must also be safe-certified; otherwise, safety cannot be guaranteed. This paper proposes a novel architecture that integrates a dynamic task scheduling module with a dynamic trajectory planning module that explicitly considers ISO/TS 15066. For this purpose, the framework exploits a secure and certified monitoring system capable of tracking the human operator even in case of occlusions. The overall platform has been extensively validated both in a real and complex industrial scenario within the context of the ROSSINI EU project, where a dual-arm mobile robot collaborates with a human operator in an automatic machine-tending operation, and in a mock-up scenario
The Io plasma torus observed by Juno between 2016 and 2022: Results from the Io footprint position and the Io plasma torus radio occultations
Get PDFContext. The Io plasma torus (IPT) is a dense, toroidal plasma cloud around Jupiter, approximately centered on Io's orbit. Iogenic volcanic activity supplies material to the IPT, mainly through direct outgassing or sublimation of frozen volcanic sulfur dioxide. Material from the IPT diffuses outward into an extended plasma disk, whose electric currents generate a strong magnetic field. This field, together with the internally driven planetary magnetic field, contributes to a powerful and highly variable magnetospheric environment. Because the plasma disk is supplied by the IPT, monitoring its condition and variability is essential for understanding the dynamics of the magnetosphere and to estimate potential hazards for deep space missions. Aims. This study aims to constrain the average IPT conditions between 2016 and 2022 using observations of the auroral footprint of Io and radio occultations of the IPT conducted by the Juno orbiter. In addition, we investigate density and temperature variations occurring over timescales of weeks to a few months. Methods. We computed the IPT's plasma distribution using a diffusive equilibrium, force-balance model. This model simulated both the position of the Io footprint observed in the infrared and ultraviolet and the induced path delay in the radio-tracking data recorded by the Deep Space Network. The advantage of this approach is the ability to break the parameter-space degeneracy that arises when analyzing the two types of observations individually. Results. We conclude that, between 2016 and 2022, the IPT temperature was 80(-50)(+100) eV, and the electron density was 3000 +/- 1400 cm(-3)
Blood pressure management in clinically complex scenarios: new horizons for a tailored approach
No full textArterial hypertension is a major preventable cardiovascular risk factor, which is estimated to be responsible of around 25% of heart attacks and 40% of cardiovascular deaths in Europe. As the prevalence of arterial hypertension is continuously growing in the general population, it is estimated that by 2025 up to 60% of the adult western population will suffer from high blood pressure (BP), making arterial hypertension a timely topic for scientific research. The management of BP in specific conditions such as heart failure, kidney diseases or paediatric patients could be challenging. In the last years, new drugs have been introduced, changing the landscape of heart failure treatment, while possibly having a significant impact on BP regulation and kidney function. Similarly, while resistant hypertension may represent a true issue for clinicians and patients, novel therapeutic approaches are now available. In this regard, while for instance renal artery denervation has been introduced as an innovative therapy for patients with resistant hypertension, it has possibly shown consistent benefits also in patients with heart failure at large, whereby it could significantly reduce sympathetic nervous activation. This review focuses on new perspectives for the management of BP in these specific populations in order to provide practical hints for a tailored approach for clinically complex and/or resistant patients
The Constitution Shall Not Be Ignored. The Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina Condemns Milorad Dodik
Get PDFThrough the analysis of a recent ruling, this case note reflects on the constitutional situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, thirty years after the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995. In this decision, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina sentenced the Bosnian-Serb leader Milorad Dodik to one year in prison and banned him from holding the presidency of the Serb entity for six years for non-compliance with the High Representative’s decisions
Adeguatezza della retribuzione e tutela della dignità sociale. Profili lavoristici del contrasto al lavoro povero
Get PDFNel presente studio si indaga il tema dell’adeguatezza della retribuzione, accostando la riflessione relativa all’individuazione dei mezzi più idonei a dare attuazione all’art. 36 Cost. ad un ragionamento sulle concezioni e sulle finalità del c.d. principio del salario minimo. Partendo da queste ultime, che possono essere individuate nella connessione tra diritto ad una giusta retribuzione, contrasto al lavoro povero e tutela della dignità sociale dell’individuo, ci si sofferma, innanzitutto, sulla problematica nozione di povertà lavorativa e sul legame tra essa e i bassi salari, in quanto questi ultimi costituiscono un ostacolo alla dignità del lavoro. Lo studio prosegue con l’analisi delle diverse nozioni riconducibili all’adeguatezza usate nel panorama internazionale ed eurounitario, come salario minimo, living wage, fair wage, salari minimi adeguati, per poi soffermarsi sulla disposizione contenuta nell’art. 36 Cost. e sui principi di proporzionalità e sufficienza. Infine, si guarda al sistema di attuazione di tale disposizione costituzionale alla luce della sua “ineffettività sopravvenuta”, al dibattito sul salario minimo legale e sul ruolo della contrattazione collettiva, nonché alle proposte avanzate per fronteggiare la questione salariale, nell’ottica di individuare una retribuzione idonea a tutelare i lavoratori poveri e garantire la dignità sociale
Modified Methylation Following Electrostimulation in a Standardized Setting - Complementing a Transcriptomic Analysis
Get PDFElectrical stimulation (ES) is widely employed in both clinical therapies and research settings where it has shown promise in promoting tissue regeneration, wound healing and also inflammation control. Research has also highlighted ES as a regulator of DNA demethylation, which plays a critical role in nerve regeneration and cellular repair mechanisms. While the impact of ES on epigenetic processes is recognized, its broader effects on cellular functions, particularly in inflammation and wound healing, are less understood. We recently showed how ES impacts on inflammatory states by modulating transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in a 3D in vitro model where human fibroblasts and keratinocytes are included in a collagen matrix, i.e even in the absence of nervous system. Here we propose to deepen our exploration on the differential effects on DNA methylation, including investigation of potential age acceleration with the usage of an epigenetic clock. These results support the potential of 5V Direct Current stimuli observed earlier at the transcriptional level to influence inflammatory processes, and suggest an involvement of DC5 in the control of senescent processes associated with inflammation