Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Innovate or litigate? The dual impacts of multimarket contacts on global competition
No full textOur study, grounded in the multimarket competition, knowledge management, and technological change literatures, investigates how multimarket contacts among multinational enterprises—i.e., the extent to which rival multinational enterprises meet simultaneously in multiple countries—shape their innovation and patent litigation decisions in host countries. We propose that the degree of multimarket contacts a multinational enterprise has with its competitors in a host country may restrain it from aggressively launching product and technological innovations in that country due to a fear of cross-country retaliation. However, increased multimarket contacts also facilitate knowledge diffusion, heightening the risk of imitation, and consequently enhance the multinational enterprise’s patent litigation intensity—a means to protect knowledge-based resources—in that country. Moreover, we examine how two features of the host-country technological environment—technological ferment (an era of intense technical variation following a technological discontinuity until a dominant design emerges) and home-host country differences in intellectual property protection—moderate these relationships. We test our hypotheses using a dataset of 85 mobile phone vendors, which includes data on their product and technological innovations and litigation cases in 46 countries between 2003 and 2015. This study sheds light on the interplay among multinational enterprises’ multimarket contacts, innovation, and patent litigation
Correction to: Incidence, etiologies, and outcomes of severe pediatric community-acquired empyema before and after the pandemic: an Italian multicentric study (European Journal of Pediatrics, (2025), 184, 9, (594), 10.1007/s00431-025-06411-2)
No full textThe authors regret to inform that an error occurred in the presentation of the author names in the published version of the article. Specifically, all authors' first names and surnames were inadvertently switched. The author list should be corrected as follows: Buonsenso Danilo1,27 · Montagnani Carlotta2 · Romani Lorenza3 · Camporesi Anna1 · Scarlato Lucia1 · Denina Marco4 · Zama Daniele5,6 · Naselli Aldo7 · Montonesi Sonja8 · Liguoro Ilaria9 · Mariani Marcello10 · Cardinale Fabio11 · Chiappini Elena2,12 · De Luca Maia3 · Garazzino Silvia4 · Bosis Samantha13 · Pattarino Giulia14 · Burzio Valentina15 · Di Napoli Luca16 · Colomba Claudia17 · Nicolini Giangiacomo18 · Lorenzetti Giulia3 · Galli Luisa2,12 · Lo Vecchio Andrea19 · SITIP Empyema Working Group1,3,5,6,11,15,17,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 Danilo Buonsenso1,27 · Carlotta Montagnani2 · Lorenza Romani3 · Anna Camporesi1 · Lucia Scarlato1 · Marco Denina4 · Daniele Zama5,6 · Aldo Naselli7 · Sonja Montonesi8 · Ilaria Liguoro9 · Marcello Mariani10 · Fabio Cardinale11 · Elena Chiappini2,12 · Maia De Luca3 · Silvia Garazzino4 · Samantha Bosis13 · Giulia Pattarino14 · Valentina Burzio15 · Luca Di Napoli16 · Claudia Colomba17 · Giangiacomo Nicolini18 · Giulia Lorenzetti3 · Luisa Galli2,12 · Andrea Lo Vecchio19 · SITIP Empyema Working Group1,3,5,6,11,15,17,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 The publisher and authors sincerely apologize for this error and any inconvenience it may have caused. The original article has been corrected
The influence of air pollutants on the risk of emergency department presentations of infants with bronchiolitis in an European air quality hotspot
No full textBackground: Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants, and air pollutants represent a risk factor for its development. This work aims to investigate the role of air pollution, considering conventional and nonconventional indicators, in the development of bronchiolitis in three urban areas in the Po Valley, Northern Italy. Methods: This multicentric, observational, retrospective, cohort study included infants under 12 months who were referred to the Pediatric Emergency Department of Bologna, Belluno, and Biella and diagnosed with bronchiolitis from 2016 to 2019. Data on daily ground-level mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants in the three areas, and additionally of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Bologna, were retrieved and assessed for possible relationships with the occurrence of bronchiolitis. Results: A total of 1316 patients were enrolled. All conventional air quality indicators (NO2, PM10, and PM2.5) showed statistically significant associations with the occurrence of referrals due to bronchiolitis. The highest impacts were observed for OC and EC, the carbonaceous components of PM, which were only measured in Bologna. Considering the conventional indicators, the strongest associations were found between 4-week moving average concentrations and weekly hospital admission, and the strongest associations were found considering NO2 and PM2.5. Conclusion: This study indicates that medium-term exposure to higher levels of air pollution increases the risk of the development of bronchiolitis. In particular, the best association results between bronchiolitis admissions and the exposure to the carbonaceous fraction of PM2.5
Electric Bikes and Scooters Versus Muscular Bikes in Free-Floating Shared Services: Reconstructing Trips with GPS Data from Florence and Bologna, Italy
No full textBike-sharing services contribute to reducing emissions and conserving natural resources within urban transportation systems. They also promote public health by encouraging physical activity and generate economic benefits through shorter travel times, lower transportation costs, and decreased demand for parking infrastructure. This paper examines the use of shared micro-mobility services in the Italian cities of Florence and Bologna, based on an analysis of GPS origin–destination data and associated temporal coordinates provided by the RideMovi company. Given the still-limited number of studies on free-floating and electric-scooter-sharing systems, the objective of this work is to quantify the performance of electric bikes and e-scooters in bike-sharing schemes and compare it to traditional, muscular bikes. Trips were reconstructed starting from GPS data of origin and destination of the trip with a shortest path criteria that considers the availability of bike lanes. Results show that e-bikes are from 22 to 26% faster on average with respect to muscular bikes, extending trip range in Bologna but not in Florence. Electric modes attract more users than traditional bikes, e-bikes have from 40 to 128% higher daily turnover in Bologna and Florence and e-scooters from 33 to 62% higher in Florence with respect to traditional bikes. Overall, turnover is fairly low, with less than two trips per vehicle per day. The performance is measured in terms of trip duration, speed, and distance. Further characteristics such as daily turnover by transport mode are investigated and compared. Finally, spatial analysis was conducted to observe demand asymmetries in the two case studies. The results aim to support planners and operators in designing and managing more efficient and user-oriented services
The future is ecotransfeminist, posthuman and decolonial (or it’s not) = Il futuro è ecotransfemminista, postumano e decoloniale (oppure no)
No full textEssendo le questioni sociali e ambientali profondamente interconnesse, emerge la necessità di un approccio intersezionale sia alla lettura delle oppressioni verso gruppi sociali ed entità non-umane, sia all’elaborazione di riflessioni pedagogiche e politiche a riguardo. L’“educazione allo sviluppo sostenibile” è insufficiente e problematica, perché non svela né decostruisce l’origine della questione; è necessario e urgente partire dai margini, apprendere dagli Indigenous Studies e decolonializzare i saperi e i poteri. Un tale approccio ecotransfemminista può essere declinato pedagogicamente in un’educazione postumanista e compostista che – anche attraverso il contatto esperienziale con la “natura” – promuova relazioni di cura verso l’altro da sé (umano e non).Since social and environmental issues are deeply interconnected, the need arises for an intersectional approach both to understanding the oppressions on social groups and on the more-than-human, and to developing pedagogical and political reflections on these matters. Education for sustainable development is insufficient and problematic as it neither reveals nor deconstructs the root of the issue; it is necessary and urgent to start from the margins, to learn from Indigenous Studies, and to decolonialize knowledges and powers. Such an ecotransfeminist approach can be pedagogically applied through a posthuman and compostist education which – also through experiential contact with nature – promotes relationships of care towards human and more-than-human others
Unraveling the Genetic Predisposition on Respiratory Infections: From Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Inborn Errors of Immunity
No full textBackground: The complex interplay between the human genome and microbial pathogens has captured scientific interest, leading to profound insights into the genetic basis of host’s susceptibility to infections. Objective: Here, we explore the spectrum of genetic susceptibility in infectious diseases, ranging from common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to rare monogenic inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity lead to susceptibility to a narrow spectrum of pathogens, including respiratory viruses, pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. Sources: A comprehensive review of the literature on human genetic susceptibility to infections was conducted using a search strategy that included all article types and keywords related to genetic susceptibility, SNPs, IEIs, intrinsic and innate immunity, infections, and specific pathogens. Content: The study synthesizes the intricate relationships between genetic variants and infectious susceptibility to common microbial agents. It delineates the prevalent role of common SNPs in modulating immune responses and investigates rare IEIs, focusing on those affecting intrinsic and innate immunity in a monogenic fashion. Cross-pathogen analyses reveal distinct patterns in genetic susceptibility, providing a comprehensive understanding of host–pathogen interactions and methodically analyzing respiratory viruses, pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. Implication: This review aims to highlight the continuum from common polymorphisms to rare monogenic disorders in susceptibility to narrow-spectrum infections, focusing on respiratory pathogens. The ever-deepening comprehension of the molecular interplay governing immune responses to respiratory pathogens could lay the groundwork for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual genetic profiles, offering insights with potential implications for infectious diseases
Effects of European authorised level of zinc from different sources on the physiology and intestinal ecosystem and performance of piglets weaned at different ages
No full textEarly weaning can impact piglets’ gut health, and some forms of zinc (Zn) may mitigate this stress. This study evaluates the effect of authorised level of Zn, from different sources, on the performance and gut health of piglets weaned at different ages. At weaning (d0), 96 piglets weaned at either 21 (Early, E; 48) or 26 (Normal, N; 48) days were divided into 3 feeding groups: Zn sulphate (SO4), Zn glycinate (Gly) or a porous form of Zn oxide (Hi) to achieve 150 mg/kg of Zn. On d8 and d21, 8 piglets/group were slaughtered and oxidative status (blood), jejunal morphology, gene expression, microbiota, and volatile fatty acids and intestinal pH were assessed. The N group had a higher body weight throughout the study (P < 0.001) and a higher gain to feed ratio from d7-d14 (P = 0.03). At d8, villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) tended to be higher in the N group (P < 0.10). At d8, the Hi diet increased the abundance of the Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.04) in the E piglets. At d21, the Hi tended to increase VH:CD (P = 0.09) compared to SO4 in N piglets; in the E groups fed SO4 the crypt depth tended to be higher than Gly and Hi (P < 0.10). Regardless the weaning age, the Gly tended to increase the expression of Glutathione Peroxidase-2 (P = 0.09) and Hi reduced the one of Solute Carrier Family-39 Member-4 (P = 0.07). Weaning age impacted piglets’ performance and gut physiology; feeding piglets different forms of Zn may positively improve gut health depending on weaning age
La pantomima nel balletto a cavallo tra Sette e Ottocento, a partire dal repertorio del Teatro La Fenice (1792-1848)
No full textIl saggio esamina la pantomima nel ballet d'action a partire dal repertorio del Teatro La Fenice di Venezia fra la data di inaugurazione (1792) e i moti rivoluzionari del '48
Sustainable water filtration: Life Cycle Assessment of recycled Polysulfone membranes within a Circular Economy framework
No full textLarge-scale activity-based demand generation modeling: A literature review and exploration of potential approaches
Get PDFLarge-scale, activity-based microscopic transport models provide a powerful framework for analyzing dynamic travel demand and assessing the impact of transportation policies on daily travel behavior. At the core of these models is the generation of travel demand, which necessitates the creation of detailed synthetic populations and daily travel plans associated with personalized activities. These time-dependent travel plans are then integrated into dynamic traffic assignment models to simulate agent-based systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing demand generation models within activity-based frameworks, focusing on various methodologies including constraint-based, utility-based, rule-based, learning-based, and hybrid approaches. A comparative analysis is offered, highlighting their theoretical foundations, data requirements, key outputs, and particularly their applications in large-scale microsimulations. In addition, the paper discusses the possibility of collecting input data for these models, as well as explores innovative approaches capable of modeling daily mobility patterns as sequences of activities linked by trips, offering greater flexibility in capturing dynamic travel behavior. Furthermore,potential research directions are also discussed, including the development of travel models for large-scale scenarios using big data sources and the optimization of their integration with dynamic traffic assignment. These methods hold significant promise for integration into large-scale, microscopic dynamic traffic assignment platforms. This study provides critical insights for researchers and practitioners focused on advancing large-scale microscopic traffic modeling to improve decision-making processes