Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Investigating the Upper Scorpius OB association with HERMES - I. The spectroscopic sample and 6D kinematics
No full textOB associations are large, unbound groups of young stars, which typically exhibit great complexity in spatial, kinematic and age structure, hinting at formation scenarios involving an intricate interplay of molecular cloud turbulent kinematics and stellar feedback over extended periods. The kinematic properties of the numerous low-mass populations within OB associations can provide valuable constraints on their initial configurations, and thus the dominant mechanisms driving star formation and their dispersal into the field. We present results from a large spectroscopic survey of the nearest young association to the Sun, Upper Scorpius, conducted using 2dF/HERMES on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We use spectroscopic youth criteria such as Li-equivalent widths to identify >1000 pre-main sequence (PMS) members across the region and measure radial velocities, combining these with Gaia EDR3 5-parameter astrometry to obtain 6D kinematic information. We separate confirmed PMS association members into distinct kinematic groups and measure expansion and rotation trends in each. We also trace the past motion of these groups using an epicycle approximation and estimate the time since their most compact configuration. These kinematic properties are compared to literature ages and the star formation history of Upper Scorpius is discussed. We find evidence that a scenario in which star formation in the subgroups of Upper Scorpius proceeded independently, either by self-instability or external feedback from Upper Centaurus-Lupus, is more likely than a recently proposed 'cluster chain' scenario in which these subgroups have triggered each other
27-GHz Silicon-Integrated Rectenna Based on Novel Multilayer Substrate
No full textThis paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a multi-layer 27-GHz rectenna integrated entirely on silicon, aimed at achieving full CMOS compatibility for energy harvesting applications. The device is fabricated on a high-resistivity silicon (HRSi) substrate, which is selectively etched to create a low-permittivity region for the antenna while maintaining a high-permittivity full substrate for the rectifier circuit. The rectenna, operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, features a compact single-cell design with dimensions of 13 x 13 mm2 only, making it suitable for integrating IoT devices to support energy autonomy. The rectenna utilizes a GaAs diode rectifier and achieves a measured maximum RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 49% at an input power of 12 dBm. This work demonstrates the potential of HRSi-based, silicon-integrated rectennas for efficient energy harvesting in IoT applications. The proposed multilayer fabrication technology allows the realization of high-radiation-efficiency directive antennas and RF circuits directly onto the CMOS substrate, without increasing the overall size of the circuit and maintaining the structural integrity of the device
Public Policy and the study of public administration in Italy: A marriage that is still young.
No full textThis chapter examines the contribution of public policy scholarship to the study of Italian public administration, highlighting both achievements and limitations. Although public policy has become increasingly institutionalized in Italy since the 1980s, its impact on understanding administrative behaviour and reform remains limited due to the small number of scholars engaged in this field. Italian research has focused mainly on administrative reform, offering valuable insights into policy design, implementation, and the persistence of the legalistic paradigm. However, several empirical and theoretical gaps persist, including weak attention to bureaucratic careers, policymaker–bureaucrat relations, and the evaluation of reform outcomes. The chapter argues that applying contemporary policy process theories and more robust methodological designs could substantially enhance the explanatory power and policy relevance of this research. Ultimately, the integration of public policy approaches into administrative studies remains in its infancy but holds significant potential for advancing theory and informing practice in Italy
Protocol for development of a checklist and guideline for transparent reporting of cluster analyses (TRoCA)
Get PDFIntroduction: Cluster analysis, a machine learning-based and data-driven technique for identifying groups in data, has demonstrated its potential in a wide range of contexts. However, critical appraisal and reproducibility are often limited by insufficient reporting, ultimately hampering the interpretation and trust of key stakeholders. The present paper describes the protocol that will guide the development of a reporting guideline and checklist for studies incorporating cluster analyses-Transparent Reporting of Cluster Analyses. Methods and analysis: Following the recommended steps for developing reporting guidelines outlined by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research Network, the work will be divided into six stages. Stage 1: literature review to guide development of initial checklist. Stage 2: drafting of the initial checklist. Stage 3: internal revision of checklist. Stage 4: Delphi study in a global sample of researchers from varying fields (n=≈) to derive consensus regarding items in the checklist and piloting of the checklist. Stage 5: consensus meeting to consolidate checklist. Stage 6: production of statement paper and explanation and elaboration paper. Stage 7: dissemination via journals, conferences, social media and a dedicated web platform. Ethics and dissemination: Due to local regulations, the planned study is exempt from the requirement of ethical review. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. The checklist with explanations will also be made available freely on a dedicated web platform (troca-statement.org) and in a repository
Bologna metalmeccanica. Luoghi e memorie del lavoro tra deindustrializzazione, lotte sindacali e trasformazioni urbane
No full textIl progetto “Bologna metalmeccanica” ha inteso promuovere una riflessione sulla trasformazione dei luoghi del lavoro metalmeccanico avvenuta nel territorio bolognese nell’ultimo cinquantennio – tra gli anni Settanta del Novecento e gli anni Venti del nuovo secolo – attraverso la realizzazione di percorsi di public history incentrati sul rapporto tra territorio, fabbrica e comunità. Il lavoro di ricerca è ruotato intorno ad alcuni assi tematici che scandiscono il periodo considerato, tra i quali: contrattazione sindacale e conflittualità operaia; dismissione e deindustrializzazione; rifunzionalizzazione e commercializzazione; crisi, resistenza e trasformazione produttiva. Il presente volume si articola in tre parti per restituire la dimensione complessa e plurale che ha caratterizzato l’esperienza di “Bologna metalmeccanica”. La prima parte raccoglie i saggi scaturiti dal lavoro di ricerca, nel quale si confrontano competenze diverse: storia del lavoro, storia economica e dell’impresa, analisi delle relazioni industriali, valorizzazione dei beni culturali, geografia urbana, didattica della storia. Nella seconda parte vengono presentati i percorsi di public history dedicati ad alcune biografie d’azienda e al loro rapporto con comunità e territorio. Nella terza parte è soprattutto l’attivismo e la dimensione sindacale a emergere, con un forte accento posto sul tema della «reindustrializzazione» e sulla difesa dei posti di lavoro di fronte ai processi di delocalizzazione e dismissione della produzione. Emergono così questioni dirimenti che molto spesso insistono sul nostro presente ma che, nel contempo, mostrano un rilevante retroterra storico, che si può apprezzare, nella sua profondità, proprio in virtù del percorso di ricerca compiuto
Hepatitis C Eradication Improves Oncologic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab
Get PDFBackground and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a key driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of HCV eradication on systemic therapy remains unclear. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in patients treated with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (AtezoBev).
Methods: This retrospective multicentre study included patients with HCV-related unresectable/advanced HCC treated with AtezoBev between 2021 and 2024. Three groups of patients were compared: Group A (n = 22), concurrent DAA with AtezoBev; Group B (n = 95), antiviral therapy before AtezoBev; and Group C (n = 22), active infection.
Results: Group A showed the longest median overall survival (42.8 months) compared to Group B (26.8 months; p = 0.03) and Group C (19.7 months; p = 0.01). Time to progression and progression-free survival were significantly prolonged in Group A versus Groups B and C. Moreover, Group A exhibited a higher disease control rate than the other groups. Post-DAA decompensation rates were significantly lower in Group A (4.5%) compared to Groups B (26.3%) and C (36.4%). Treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were similar across groups. In the multivariate competing risk analysis with adjustment for time-dependent variables, achieving sustained virologic response during AtezoBev showed a protective effect against liver decompensation (sHR 0.02, p = 0.003) or tumour progression (sHR 0.14, p = 0.009), and was also associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.29, p = 0.005).
Conclusions: Achieving a SVR during AtezoBev seems to improve oncologic outcomes and reduce liver decompensation in patients with unresectable/advanced HCC. An integrated therapeutic approach can optimise systemic treatment efficacy, particularly in patients eligible for conversion strategies.
Trial Registration: Protocol ID: 589
Crediti di imposta inesistenti e non spettanti: punti ancora aperti nonostante l’atto di indirizzo del MEF
No full textNonostante i profondi cambiamenti apportati, in attuazione della Legge delega per la riforma fiscale, alla
definizione di crediti d’imposta inesistenti e non spettanti, continuano i dubbi e le incertezze applicative.
E l’atto di indirizzo del 1° luglio 2025 del Viceministro dell’Economia e delle Finanze non sembra risolverli.
In particolare, l’atto non chiarisce se la nuova previsione abbia o meno portata retroattiva. A rigore, la
nuova definizione dovrebbe poter essere invocata anche per il passato: dunque, pur in vigenza delle vecchie
sanzioni, la definizione di crediti inesistenti e di crediti non spettanti deve essere la nuova e i contenziosi
oggi in essere, dove l’Agenzia delle Entrate spesso effettua contestazioni, invocando manuali tecnici
non richiamati da alcuna norma, dovrebbero rimanerne condizionati. Vi è poi un altro problema, che l’atto
di indirizzo non considera: nel momento stesso in cui recupera, nella definizione di crediti non spettanti,
anche fonti non di rango normativo (es. i manuali tecnici), la norma pone un problema di compatibilità di
detta definizione sul piano penale, dal momento che anche per i crediti non spettanti è prevista la sanzione
penale
The service-centric Vehicle Routing Problem with Crowdshipping
No full textLast-mile delivery services worldwide have embraced crowdshipping, which involves both regular and occasional drivers to reduce transportation costs and potentially ensure timely deliveries. However, real-world uncertainty in travel times leads to delays in deliveries. Motivated by empirical studies on customer impatience with late deliveries, this paper focuses on a service-centric Vehicle Routing Problem with Crowdshipping (VRPC) under uncertain travel times. Apart from traditional lateness measures, such as on-time arrival probability and expected lateness duration, we also consider scenarios where customers show exponential impatience towards lateness. We introduce a novel approach to calibrate the disutility, leading to salient managerial implications and probabilistic insights. We develop an exact branch-price-and-cut algorithm for the deterministic VRPC and a route enumeration-based exact algorithm for the non-convex and discontinuous service-centric VRPC. Numerical studies based on existing instances validate the computational efficiency of the developed algorithms and the efficacy of the newly proposed lateness measures in mitigating the risk of late deliveries
Le piante spontanee della tradizione popolare del Bolognese nell'opera di Gaspare Ungarelli (1852-1938)
No full textLe piante spontanee della tradizione popolare con gli usi ad esse associati, se letti in chiave contemporanea manifestano la molteplicità dei benefici (i cosiddetti servizi ecosistemici) che la biodiversità vegetale offre all’uomo (medicine, materie prime ecc.) in un determinato territorio ed in un determinato tempo. Per il Bolognese della
prima metà del secolo scorso sono fondamentali gli scritti del demologo Gaspare Ungarelli (1852-1938) ed in particolare il volume intitolato Le piante aromatiche nei nomi e nell’uso e nella tradizione popolare bolognese del 1921 che si configura come un vero e proprio dizionario del folklore botanico bolognese. Il volume di Ungarelli si inserisce in uno scenario dove emergeva la necessità di mettere a sistema le conoscenze relative alla tradizione popolare (contemporanee e antiche) per prevenirne la perdita come conseguenza delle trasformazioni in atto in quegli anni. D’altro canto, era forte la preoccupazione per il prelievo eccessivo di alcune specie (in particolare quelle alpine) e questo fatto ha poi dato l’avvio a tutta una serie di percorsi di tutela della flora spontanea, soprattutto quella d’uso medicinale. Il presente contributo si collega a quello di Gian Paolo Borghi (Aspetti della medicina popolare tra esperienze di
ricerca sul campo e studi demologici) e si discutono alcune piante spontanee presenti nel volume di Ungarelli in chiave contemporanea
Internal carotid artery dolichoarteriopathies in the horse: An endoscopic and anatomic study
No full textEndoscopy of the guttural pouches in neonatal foals occasionally reveals atypical aspects in the course of the extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) that are hardly seen in adult horses. While in veterinary medicine the data available on the presence of these anomalies in domestic mammals are limited and incomplete, in human medicine the morphological aspects of the ICAs have been the subject of extensive studies. Anomalies in the course and geometry of ICAs are commonly defined as dolichoarteriopathies, and should be classified as tortuous, kinked or coiled. To document whether the anomaly ICAs in foals can be attributed to dolichoarteriopathies, and to assess the incidence of carotid anomalies, two studies were conducted. An endoscopic study of the guttural pouch was carried out on 50 foals (24 M and 26 F) < 4w of age to examine the course of those ICAs in close contact with the pouch and an anatomical study was performed on the heads of 20 fresh horse carcasses (13 one-month-old foals, 1 seven-month-old and 6 adults) using vascular casts of the extracranial tracts of the ICAs to examine their morphology. The results showed the presence of ICA anomalies, including tortuosity, kinking, or coiling, only in foals < 4w olds and their absence in adults. The presence of a specific geometry in the foal was confirmed by both endoscopic and anatomical studies with 66 % and 71 % of the animals having dolichoarteriopathies, respectively, with a predominance of bilateral cases. Tortuosity was more common, and there appeared to be no gender difference in susceptibility. These anomalies could arise from the excessive length of the ICA in the extracranial course in relation to the distance between the origin of the vessel and its entry into the cranial cavity and based on this hypothesis, tortuosity, kinking and coiling in foals should be considered a simple transient anatomical variability and not a pathological event