Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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CrossTime: A Mobile Application for Smarter Pedestrian Navigation and Traffic Light Awareness
No full textMobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) leverages the widespread availability of smart devices to collect and analyze environmental and social data. While MCS has been widely applied in smart cities to optimize vehicle traffic and safety, the needs of pedestrians remain largely unaddressed. To address this need, we propose CrossTime, a sensing application designed to estimate waiting times at pedestrian crossings. Using GPS data, accelerometer readings, and open-source intersection location data, CrossTime autonomously detects when a user is waiting at an intersection. To evaluate its feasibility and accuracy, we conducted a test case on three routes in an urban environment, comparing system-detected waiting times with manually recorded values. Our results show that CrossTime effectively captures pedestrian waiting behavior, although there are some discrepancies due to sensor limitations and environmental factors
Enhancing Italian Research Infrastructure for CO2 Capture and Transport: Contributions from the ECCSELLENT Project
No full textSearching for exotic object companions in the dense core of NGC 362
No full textThe dense cores of globular clusters (GCs) are efficient environments for the production of exotic stellar populations, including millisecond pulsars (MSPs), low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), and cataclysmic variables (CVs). Most of these objects likely form
through two- and three-body interactions and are useful tracers of the cluster’s dynamical evolution. In this work, we explore the exotic
object population in the galactic GC NGC 362, searching for the optical counterpart of 33 X-ray sources identified within 1
′
from
the cluster centre. To this end, we exploited a large Hubble Space Telescope dataset obtained in eight different epochs and covering
a wavelength range from the near UV to the optical I band. To identify the most promising counterparts, we followed a multi-step
analysis based on four main ingredients, namely, positional coincidence, position in the colour–magnitude diagrams, Hα excess, and
photometric variability. In addition, we complemented the photometric analysis with spectroscopic information coming from the analysis of MUSE radial velocity curves. Thanks to this multi-diagnostic approach, we were able to identify 28 high-confidence optical
counterparts, including several candidate MSPs, active binaries, and CVs. The most intriguing counterparts include a candidate black
widow system, an eclipsing binary blue straggler, and a system in outburst, potentially representing either an LMXB or a nova eruption
from a CV. The candidate MSPs proposed in this work will contribute to ongoing radio analyses with MeerKAT for the identification
and detailed study of MSPs in NGC 362
Long‐term dynamics of coastal dune landscapes and habitat diversity: Insights from a quarter century of resurveys in Castelporziano Presidential Estate
No full textCoastal dunes are dynamic ecosystems vulnerable to human impact. Traditional monitoring relies on costly field surveys, but high-resolution satellite imagery offers an efficient alternative. This study integrates remote sensing (RS) and field data to analyze vegetation and landscape changes over 25 years in the highly protected Castelporziano Presidential Estate. We examined three habitat groups—Herbaceous Dune Vegetation (HDV), Woody Dune Vegetation (WDV), and Broadleaf Mixed Forest (BMF)—using 58 resurveyed plots and land cover maps. Landscape dynamics and vegetation compositional changes were assessed, and temporal patterns were calculated for three buffer sizes (25, 75, and 125 m), using Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and differences in landscape metrics. Random forest models evaluated the relationship between landscape and vegetation compositional changes. The results revealed a reduction in artificial surfaces, greater vegetation encroachment, and clear signs of natural succession. HDV exhibited a shift toward grassland species, reflecting ongoing changes in vegetation composition. WDV experienced the most pronounced compositional change, while BMF showed signs of structural homogenization. Habitat proportion emerged as the strongest predictor of compositional changes, especially at the finest scale. These findings confirm the value of combining RS and field data for long-term monitoring and provide useful insights for managing coastal dune habitats
Su alcuni manufatti noti come “plettri o pettini votivi” rinvenuti nel Mediterraneo centro-occidentale
No full textSome bone and ivory “hourglass”-shaped finds have been found in the central-western Mediterranean area since the second half of the 19th century. These have two rows of teeth separated by a central portion with a hole in almost all cases and two appendices at either end. These objects come in most cases from funerary contexts of Carthage (3rd-2nd century BC), Tharros, Tuvixeddu and Ibiza. These artefacts have been interpreted as butterfly, winged scarab, plectrum or miniature comb-shaped amulets due to their resemblance to the larger ones. Considering the morphological characters of the finds, this paper intends to propose some alternative readings referable to representations linked to specific daily life activities or personal care.Se han encontrado algunos artefactos en hueso y marfil en forma de “reloj de arena” en el Mediterráneo centro-occidental desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Estos tienen dos filas de dientes separados por una porción central perforada en casi todos los casos que terminan con dos apéndices en los extremos. Estos objetos proceden en la mayoría de los casos de contextos funerarios de Cartago fechados en el siglo III-II a.C., Tharros, Tuvixeddu e Ibiza. Los artefactos han sido interpretados como amuletos en forma de mariposa, escarabajo alado, plectro o peine en miniatura por su parecido con otros más grandes. Considerando las características morfológicas de los hallazgos, esta contribución pretende proponer algunas lecturas alternativas que se remontan a representaciones vinculadas a actividades específicas de la vida cotidiana o al cuidado personal
Rappresentare la Storia. Un breve viaggio nel lungo archivio di Carlo Lizzani.
No full textThe article is an analysis of possible intellectual journeys into director Carlo Lizzani's archive, divided between the Lilly Library in Bloomington (IN) and the Charini Library in Rome
Reinforcement Learning Based Backoff Management for Industry 5.0
No full textIndustry 5.0 marks a transition from the digitalization focus of Industry 4.0 to a paradigm emphasizing resilience, sustainability, and human-centric processes. In such dynamic networks, reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can play a crucial role in enhancing performance. The paper proposes a novel approach using a centralized RL algorithm to optimize the medium access control for a moving autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) on an industrial shop floor. This ensures uninterrupted production flow by dynamically managing the network traffic. The use case scenario considers a mobile AGV transmitting data to a base station (BS) within a harsh industrial environment. It uses the RL algorithm to dynamically select an optimal backoff (BO) time for an ALOHA-like channel access protocol. This enables accurate data transmission without prior knowledge of the industrial environment. The results show an improvement of up to 34.6% in success probability compared to traditional BO design approaches. The RL model achieves outstanding performance, guaranteeing a minimum success probability of 99.46%
Teaching experimental design: outputs from the FELASA Working Group
No full text: Good education and training for scientists undertaking animal experiments is important for providing understanding of key issues in experimental design (ED) and for alleviating continuing concerns about the conduct of animal and in vitro research studies. We present here outputs from the FELASA Experimental Design Working Group, set up to consider the current provision of ED teaching and how it might be improved and harmonised across the laboratory animal science community. It is hoped that these outputs will provide practical help to ED teachers who wish to enhance the effectiveness of their teaching; they include• A list of learning outcomes (LOs) that should be achieved by learners, principally aimed at early career researchers;• An example of an (adaptable) template of how these LOs could be addressed in 16 h (12 h tuition plus breaks), ideally as a 2-day workshop. If circumstances make 12 h tuition impossible to achieve, key LOs for a shorter course are identified;• Guidance and recommendations for running ED courses, including some ideas for achieving effective learning, the ideal skill set for tutors, some teaching scenarios, and the amount of statistics to have in a basic experimental design course;• A glossary of relevant terms (in supplemental material);• A description of how the 2-day course format ran on two trial occasions, with results of informal assessment of participants as well as their feedback, both immediate and a year afterwards, indicating it was effective;• A programme for a potential 2-day, training-the-trainers style, workshop, describing its key elements and the results of trialling this with a range of ED tutors
La volontà del minore nelle decisioni relative alla salute
No full textTo examine the role of the child’s voice in healthcare decisions, one must begin with the notion of informed consent as it pertains to the child, and thus with the relevant international conventions, law no. 219/2017, and the ethical codes governing healthcare professions. These various sources reveal converging content: by enhancing the children’s capacity for understanding and decision-making, they lay the groundwork for their effective involvement in care decisions. The need to engage in dialogue with the child on therapeutic choices is framed within the broader right of the children to be heard “in all matters and procedures affecting them”, drawing a connection with the general provision set out in art. 315-bis of the Italian Civil Code. The paper focuses on the role of the child’s opinion in judicial proceedings concerning medical treatments, with particular attention to conflicts between parents, between parents and healthcare providers, or between the minor and their legal representatives. A specific section is devoted to the case law concerning vaccination against COVID-19 in the minor population, as a revealing testing ground for the tensions between self-determination, parental responsibility, and judicial intervention. The essay concludes by analysing how the child’s right to be heard is applied within the typical statutory frameworks of minor or appropriate measures, most commonly prompted by therapeutic matters
