Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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CULTURAL OBSERVATION FOR CULTURAL GOVERNANce: Between contemplation and transformation
No full textThis chapter addresses the phenomenon of cultural observatories, questioning their role as sources of knowledge for cultural governance. On the background of a view of cultural governance as a collective endeavor of diverse actors (governments, civil society, macro societal forces, but also data producers about culture), this chapter zooms into the role of one such actor – cultural observatories. It reviews the practice of cultural observation, reconstructing ‘what’ these entities observe, ‘how’ they observe, and ‘why’ they observe. The paper thus draws a general reflection on the role of cultural observatories for informing cultural governance, calling for a shift from a use of cultural observation as a contemplative source of knowledge, through which policy makers observe without deriving punctual policy consequences, to one as a transformative source of knowledge, through which policy makers actively use observational data to enact cultural change
Public and Private Projects in Post-War Residential Construction. A Comparative Analysis to Identify Shared Renovation Techniques
No full textPhysical and chemical approaches to tailor 2D coating/substrate adhesion - Experimental and theoretical insights
No full textTwo-dimensional materials have been extensively studied due to their superior electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties, while the latter creates an enormous potential in tribology, especially when utilized as solid lubricant coatings. However, their usage as solid lubricant coatings under applied conditions remains scarce and challenging due to a limited quality of the coatings/substrate interface and lack of adhesion, thus inducing excessive wear as well as increasing friction and compromising durability/reliability. To enhance the performance of 2D coatings and bridge the gap between lab-tests and applied conditions (real-world applications), it is crucial to improve their substrate adhesion, facilitating the transition from a potential to tangible usage of 2D materials in tribology. Therefore, our perspective aims at summarizing the primary factors influencing the coating/substrate interface and adhesion, which can be subdivided into physical and chemical approaches. After critically summarizing the existing state-of-the-art related to experimental approaches, the current understanding based on numerical simulations, from density functional theory to machine learning-assisted molecular dynamics, is holistically analysed to provides atomistic insights to predict and design adhesive 2D interfaces. Our article closes with a perspective outlook on how to further boost coating/substrate adhesion thus guiding research activities with the overall goal to take full advantage of the outstanding properties of 2D materials in solid lubrication enabling the reliable implementation of 2D coatings in demanding, real-world tribological environments
Nirsevimab Prophylaxis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations Among Infants
No full textImportance: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations, and preterm infants and those with older siblings are at increased risk. Despite recommendations for nirsevimab prophylaxis, data on outcomes in high-risk infants are lacking.
Objective: To assess the association of nirsevimab prophylaxis with RSV-related lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalization risk and in-hospital severity among infants, overall and by high-risk groups.
Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective multicenter cohort study comparing RSV seasons before (April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024) and after (April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025) universal nirsevimab prophylaxis implementation included all live births from 5 neonatal hospitals serving the Italian provinces of Ravenna, Faenza, Forlì, Cesena, and Rimini with no exclusions based on gestational age or comorbidities. Participants were followed up from hospital discharge until first RSV hospitalization, first birthday, or season end, with time-to-event analysis. Data from centralized electronic medical records included demographics, nirsevimab administration, and polymerase chain reaction-confirmed RSV.
Exposure: Nirsevimab prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis.
Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was RSV-associated hospitalization in the first year of life. The secondary outcome was LRTI severity measures-hospital length of stay, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Hierarchical Cox proportional hazards regression models (with health care center as a random effect) were used to adjust for seasonality and relevant covariates, with sensitivity analyses using multiple models and non-RSV LRTI comparisons.
Results: Among 13 624 newborns (mean [SD] gestational age of 39.4 [1.8] weeks; 51.4% male, 4.8% preterm, and 49.5% with older siblings), nirsevimab prophylaxis achieved 79.2% coverage of the study population. Among 292 infants hospitalized with RSV LRTI (2.1%), fewer were in the postnirsevimab than prenirsevimab season group (72 [24.7%] vs 220 [75.3%]; P < .001), with a population-level reduction in hospitalization hazard (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.25-0.44; P < .001). In a separate within-month analysis comparing infants born in the same calendar month and therefore at similar baseline RSV risk, nirsevimab prophylaxis was associated with a lower hazard of RSV hospitalization (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06-0.21; P < .001). Prematurity (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.11-4.07; P < .001) and living with older siblings (HR, 4.57; 95% CI, 4.15-5.03; P < .001) remained associated with higher hospitalization risk among infants who received prophylaxis. Among hospitalized infants, nirsevimab was associated with reduced HFNC use (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.97; P = .04) but not with shorter stays (incidence rate ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.63-1.03; P = .09).
Conclusions and relevance: In this multicenter cohort study, nirsevimab prophylaxis was associated with substantially lower RSV hospitalization risk and reduced in-hospital RSV severity, supporting its implementation as a public health strategy. However, the persistent risk associated with prematurity and household RSV exposure suggests a need for supplemental approaches to optimize RSV prevention in high-risk infants
Andiamo da te o veniamo da te? Quando è la posizione dell’interlocutore che conta
No full textL'articolo spiega il funzionamento deittico dei verbi "andare" e "venire" con riferimenti alla storia della lingua e confronti interlinguistici
Thresholds: Stories of Our Inner Selves
No full textThe bodies of the spectators who become participants in a live contemporary dance and extended reality performance are perceived as access thresholds to virtual experiences. They are immersed in multisensory narratives with both real and virtual actors, while experiencing their stories and dancing with them
Grains sans rois, rois sans grains ? Réflexions sur la relation entre agriculture, stockage et sociétés hiérarchisées dans le monde égéen
No full textThe archaeological documentation of agricultural practices in the Aegean Bronze Age has made it possible to recognize a central role for staple storage facilities, especially those which quantitatively exceed the needs of a household. In this paper, some case studies are reviewed that highlight the hermeneutic potential of such a complex theme and show that it remains an open question. In fact, alternative explanations to the economic model of redistribution, suggested by Polanyi, emphasize on the one hand the role played by wetlands as food reserves for the first urban centers and, on the other hand, that the few Mycenaean granaries could suggest a situation of fragility, rather than power, at the end of the palatial age
Algoritmi, programmi e linguaggi
No full textL’informatica si fonda sulla possibilità di descrivere in modo preciso algoritmi. Un linguaggio di programmazione è un linguaggio artificiale per algoritmi, che permette la combinazione di operazioni elementari e stabilisce la loro successione. Un programma è la descrizione di algoritmo in un linguaggio di programmazione. Ogni linguaggio di programmazione è associato a una “macchina astratta” in grado di eseguire i programmi scritti in quel linguaggio. La molteplicità dei linguaggi di programmazione risponde ad esigenze diverse: facilità d’uso, efficienza, applicazioni distinte, ecc. Essi offrono meccanismi di astrazione su controllo e dati, permettendo di risolvere problemi complessi attraverso scomposizione, modellazione e ricomposizione.Informatics is based on the ability to describe algorithms precisely. A programming language is an artificial language for algorithms that allows the combination of elementary operations and defines their sequence. A program is the description of an algorithm in a programming language. Each programming language is associated with an ‘abstract machine’ capable of executing the programs written in that language. The variety of programming languages responds to different needs: ease of use, efficiency, different applications, etc. They provide control and data abstraction mechanisms that allow complex problems to be solved through decomposition, modelling and recomposition
Effects of lavender essential oil nebulisation on welfare and nasal microbiota of growing-fattening pigs
No full textThree experimental groups of 36 pigs each (average weight 79 kg) were kept for 127 days in the following experimental conditions: standard farming (C = control), lavender oil nebulisation for 10 min once a day (L1) or lavender oil nebulisation twice a day (L2). No significant differences were observed across groups in growth parameters and chronic stress levels (hair cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and their ratio). Behavioural analysis showed similar activity levels across groups, but significant differences for some behaviours: L1 explored the pen floor less than C (p < .05); stood inactive more than L2 (p < .05) and spent the largest proportion of time eating (p < .01). Pigs from group L2 were more frequently observed in a sitting inactive position than C (p < .05) and showed a lower interaction with pen-mates and a greater interaction with objects than L1 and C (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). A positive effect due to a moderate reduction in aimless exploration of the barren floor could be identified in L1 compared with C (p < .05), but the difference did not reach statistical significance in L2. Regarding nasal microbiome, beta diversity was not affected by treatment, while L2 pigs showed tendentially increased alpha diversity compared to C (Chao1 and Shannon indexes, p = .05), likely due to changes in rare taxa. Overall, these results suggest that a single or double daily administration may be insufficient to exert a robust positive effect on growth parameters, behavioural traits, stress levels or antimicrobial effect on the pig nasal microbiota, therefore different protocols and/or routes of administration should be assessed
Framing Feminist and Intersectional Ecologies: An opening note
No full textIntroduction to the Special Issue "Feminist and Intersectional Ecologies in Transmedia Environmental Humanities," edited by Giulia Fabbri and Chiara Xaus