Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Understanding maladaptive daydreaming from the attachment framework: The intertwining roles of parental care, unresolved attachment, depression/anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
No full textMaladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is an excessive absorption in vivid fantasies interfering with individuals' daily functioning, which has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes and adult attachment insecurities. However, no study to date has addressed the relationships between MD, parental care, unresolved attachment, and psychological symptoms (depression/anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD) in a sample of young adults. In this study, 1295 young adults (401 males) completed an online survey including the Parental Bonding Instrument, Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale, Adult Unresolved Attachment Questionnaire, and the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. The results evidenced the differential contribution of maternal and paternal care on individuals' psychological symptoms; whilst higher maternal care was negatively related to OCD symptoms, higher paternal care was negatively linked to depression/anxiety symptoms. A relationship between unresolved attachment, MD and psychopathological symptoms emerged; specifically, MD mediated the relationships between unresolved attachment and depression/anxiety and OCD symptoms. Overall, paternal and maternal care may have distinct roles in predicting individuals’ psychopathological outcomes. In the presence of unresolved attachment, MD may represent a dissociative response that allows individuals to deal with negative experiences through psychopathological symptoms. Understanding the specific pathways that lead to different psychopathological outcomes could have important implications in developing preventive clinical interventions
A Systematic Literature Review of Cultured Meat Through the Conceptual Frameworks of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Global Value Chain
Get PDFCultured meat (CM) is currently experiencing a surge in popularity, primarily due to its promise to produce animal-based products with a lower environmental impact and a higher level of animal welfare. Although CM production remains limited and lacks premarket approval (except for Singapore and the USA), recent technological advancements have been notable. A greater number of stakeholders, including biotechnology companies, start-ups, private investors, NGOs and big agrifood companies, are entering the CM value chain. This paper aims to aggregate, synthesize, and analyze existing studies on the
CM value chain to highlight the characteristics, methodologies, and topics they address. Our secondary purpose is to analyze elements emerging in terms of global value chain dynamics. To do so, this study applies a conceptual framework based on the interplay of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and global value chain frameworks. This systematic literature review identifies 43 studies and shows that the most addressed topics are regulations on premarket approval and labelling, technological progress, the use of patents, the availability and sources of funding, and actors’ roles in the CM market. The analysis and discussion of
these findings highlight key aspects of the CM global value chain and present further areas of research to investigate the governance of the chain
Radical pathways for 2,4-chromandione synthesis via photoexcitation of 4-hydroxycoumarins
Get PDF4-Hydroxycoumarins are well-known for their ground-state nucleophilic behavior, which has been widely exploited for their functionalization. Herein, we reveal a previously unexplored photochemical reactivity: upon deprotonation and excitation with purple light, 3-substituted 4-hydroxycoumarins reach an excited state and act as single-electron transfer (SET) reductants, generating radicals from stable substrates. This newfound reactivity enables the direct synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted 2,4-chromandiones via a radical dearomatization process. By enabling the incorporation of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl fragments, this protocol offers a straightforward and mild route to access synthetically valuable chromanone scaffolds featuring a quaternary stereocenter. Comprehensive photophysical studies confirmed that deprotonated 4-hydroxycoumarins are potent SET reductants in their excited state, making them suitable for initiating radical-based transformations
Zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of patients with oncologic and congenital defects: A case series
No full textThis case series aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of oncologic patients rehabilitated with a zygomatic implant-supported prosthesis. Ten oncologic patients who underwent upper jaw resections due to cancer were enrolled in the study. Zygomatic implants were utilized for rehabilitation according to specified inclusion criteria. Surgical and prosthetic procedures were standardized, and implant and prosthetic survival rates, along with complications, were evaluated. The study cohort comprised 10 patients with a mean age of 66.5 years. A total of 35 implants were placed, with a survival rate of 94.29% at the mean follow-up of 5.78 years. Biological complications affected 40% of patients, while prosthetic complications occurred in 40% of patients, necessitating modifications but with no outright failures. Zygomatic implants offer a viable solution for oncologic patient rehabilitation, particularly in cases where bone grafting is contraindicated or impractical. However, they present medium-to long-term complications that warrant careful consideration. Future research should focus on larger studies and meta-analyses to provide more robust evidence
The quadratic knapsack problem with setup
Get PDFThe Quadratic Knapsack Problem is a well-known generalization of the classical 0-1 knapsack problem, in which any pair of items produces a pairwise profit if both are selected. Another relevant generalization of the knapsack problem is the Knapsack Problem with Setup, in which the items are partitioned into classes, the items of a class can only be inserted into the knapsack if the corresponding class is activated, and activating a class involves a setup cost and a setup capacity reduction. Despite a rich literature on these two problems, their obvious generalization, i.e., the Quadratic Knapsack Problem with Setup, was never investigated so far. We discuss applications, mathematical models, deterministic matheuristic algorithms, and computationally evaluate their performance
What Is a Sign? Peirce on Signs and Propositions
No full textThe paper argues that “sign” is most often used by Peirce in the sense of “proposition,” or more precisely, that only propositions adequately satisfy Peirce’s definition of the sign. The argument has the form of an exegetical syllogism in Barbara: complete signs are propositions (major premise), Peirce’s definition of the sign is actually a definition of complete signs (minor premise); therefore, the definition of the sign is actually a definition of propositions (conclusion). The author provides textual evidence in support of both the major and the minor premise of my exegetical syllogism, especially in Peirce’s mature production (1902–1912). He also evidences how this view helps making sense of several things that Peirce says about signs and their classification, including his claim that “logic has to be considered as semiotics.
Marble consolidation by ammonium phosphate (DAP): Do soluble salts in the substrate interfere with in situ apatite formation?
No full textThe use of aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) to form hydroxyapatite (HAP) in situ, on the surface and inside the pores and cracks in heritage building materials (e.g. stones, mortars, frescoes, stuccoes), is receiving increasing attention, because of the advantages that this method offers compared to alternative treatments. However, heritage substrates are often affected by the presence of soluble salts when conservation treatments are applied, which can interfere with the expected chemical reactions. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing the effects of three types of salt (NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4) present in a reference type of substrate (marble) when treated with DAP solutions. Marble samples were preliminarily contaminated with increasing amounts of the three salts, to reach levels of contamination that can be regarded as low, medium and high according to existing standards. Then, the salt-contaminated samples were consolidated by treatment with a solution containing 1 M DAP+ 1 mM CaCl2, applied by poultice. The possible interference of foreign ions deriving from salt dissolution on in situ HAP formation was investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS, aimed at assessing whether ionic substitutions in the HAP crystal occurred and/or foreign ions were adsorbed onto the new phases. The results of the study indicate that, independently of the initial salt content, HAP and/or carbonate HAP (containing CO32- ions from the substrate and from the atmosphere) were formed. These new phases proved to be resistant to accelerated ageing, consisting in immersion in water for 24 h. Therefore, the presence of NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4 (even in high amounts, corresponding to high risk) was found not to negatively affect the outcome of the DAP treatment in the conditions investigated in this study
Antigiudaismo teologico ed emancipazione filosofica dalla religione
Get PDFIn the short space of two years (1841-43), two powerful attacks on Christianity led by Ludwig Feuerbach ("Das Wesen des Christenthums") and Bruno Bauer ("Kritik der evangelischen Geschichte der Synoptiker") came from the camp of the so-called Hegelian Left. Judaism was also an apparently secondary target of this controversy, as it was the recognized historical matrix of the prevalent Christian religion and at the same time as the second most widespread religion among the traditional ones in Germany and Europe. In the case of Bauer ("Die Judenfrage") the anti-theological controversy and the related campaign to promote atheism also became intertwined with the never-ending question of the political and social emancipation of the Jews. The latter, in turn, found themselves forced to note, especially among the ranks of their reforming intellectuality, that the cause of the radical struggle against the state religion and the persistent monarchical and feudal oppression did not necessarily have to be resolved in favor of freedom of worship and of equality between religious faiths, but rather required them to take sides in the presence of a new antagonist who was highly critical of their demands, of their community life and not always capable of allowing himself to be fully distinguished from the centuries-old anti-Judaism of Christian origin
Smartphone Application for Spastic Ataxias Cross-Sectional Validation of a Newly Developed Smartphone App for Remote Monitoring in Spastic Ataxias
Get PDF: Effective trial-planning in Spastic ataxias (SPAX) is impeded by the absence of validated outcome measures for detecting longitudinal changes. Digital outcome measures show promise, demonstrating sensitivity to disease severity changes in ataxia and strong correlations with clinical scales. The objective of this study was to develop a smartphone application for SPAX (SPAX-app) to obtain valid digital outcome measures for use in clinical trials. The app contains four tasks assessing gait, standing balance (stance), and finger and hand movements. We carried out a validation study in 22 SPAX patients and 10 controls. Subjects performed the tasks three times during one visit. In parallel, we performed Ambulatory Parkinson's Disease Monitoring (APDM) sensor recordings, Q-motor upper limb assessment, and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Significant correlations were found between the SPAX-app and APDM or Q-motor for step time (r = 0.91), all measures of stance (r = 0.51-0.87) and duration of hand alternation (r = 0.64). No significant correlations were found for variability measures (e.g. standard deviation of step time). All tasks of the SPAX-app, except for stance, can discriminate SPAX from controls and show moderate to high test-retest reliability (ICC 0.67-0.97). Significant correlations were found between SARA and step time (r = 0.70), inter-onset interval in finger tapping (r = 0.57), and duration of hand alternation (r = 0.65). The stance task did not show significant correlations with SARA. With the SPAX-app, we present a set of digital outcome measures for potential use in clinical trials. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether these measures can track disease progression
Valproate discontinuation in girls and women of childbearing age with epilepsy: An Italian multicenter retrospective study on prescribing patterns and outcomes
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to identify prescribing behaviors in women of childbearing potential (WOCP) with epilepsy already taking valproate (VPA), and to investigate the relationship between VPA maintenance, substitution, reduction, or withdrawal as part of polytherapy, and seizure worsening or relapse. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the prescription behaviors and seizure outcomes in WOCP (16–50 years of age) with epilepsy, referred to eight Italian epilepsy centers, who were taking VPA for at least 1 year between 2014 and 2019. Results: Among 750 women (~12% of all WOCP), 528 (70.4%) maintained VPA unchanged throughout the observation period, 103 (13.7%) replaced VPA with another antiseizure medication (ASM), 90 (12%) reduced VPA, and 29 (3.9%) discontinued VPA in polytherapy. Focal epilepsy was most strongly associated with VPA withdrawal (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–6.38), whereas generalized epilepsy was most associated with its non-withdrawal (reduction/switch/maintenance) (OR.31, 95% CI.14–.68). Intellectual disability, higher seizure frequency, and higher VPA doses were linked to VPA continuation. VPA withdrawal from polytherapy was associated with a higher risk of tonic–clonic seizure worsening (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.09–7.77) compared to non-withdrawal. Significance: VPA was rarely withdrawn or substituted in WOCP with epilepsy, in secondary and tertiary care settings following European regulatory restrictions. This likely reflects a population with severe epilepsies where VPA is difficult to replace; whereas women with milder epilepsies likely discontinued VPA earlier, as evidenced by its low overall prescription frequency. Withdrawal of VPA from a polytherapy regimen was associated with a threefold increased risk of seizure exacerbation