Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Abilitating Digital Learning to Innovate VET and Adult Education: Field Practices Supporting Policy Implementation
No full textThe pandemic exposed gaps in integrating digital technologies into training systems, but recent years have seen policies emerge to address this challenge. The Marrakesh Framework for Action prioritizes equal access to digital learning for all, including adults. Technology is reshaping how adults learn and the skills required, with educators playing a key role in designing effective digital experiences. The Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027 highlights the need for innovation in vocational education and training (VET) providers. Similarly, the European Agenda for Adult Learning emphasizes the professionalization of educators and the adoption of innovative approaches like blended, online, and hybrid learning. While tools like DigCompEdu (2017) support digital literacy and teaching, they are insufficient for adult education and VET contexts. The Erasmus+ Agile-2-VET project builds on DigCompEdu, offering additional resources to integrate technology into training design, delivery, and evaluation. Agile-2-VET fosters collaboration among training institutions, technology providers, and education experts to create models for professional digital training. Its common Training Model equips educators, tutors, and VET staff with skills for innovative digital methodologies. Findings from the project, based on cross-country analyses in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Ireland, aim to advance digital learning in adult education and workforce development
Knowledge, Barriers, and Future Directions of Vestibular Rehabilitation Practice in Neurorehabilitation: An Italian Survey
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Vestibular rehabilitation, an evidence-based physical therapy approach, plays a crucial role in managing and recovering from gaze and balance disorders, including those of central origin. This study, targeted at the community of Italian healthcare practitioners, is vital in understanding the application of vestibular rehabilitation in neurological disorders and in identifying knowledge gaps, barriers, and future directions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study directed at healthcare professionals involved in neurorehabilitation in Italy. The survey consisted of 29 items grouped in 4 sections, which was estimated to take approximately 10 min to complete. The questions covered socio-demographic information, professional information, clinical practice, and future perspectives on vestibular rehabilitation. Results: Out of the 435 respondents, 290 completed the survey. Most of the respondents reported either no (32.87%) or little (42.91%) experience in vestibular rehabilitation. However, most participants (72.98%) recognized the importance of vestibular rehabilitation in treating neurological disorders. The most common condition treated was stroke (46.39%), while balance training (52.69%) and visual input exercises (26.35%) were the two most frequently used strategies. The main barriers to implementing vestibular rehabilitation in clinical practice were equipment cost and insufficient skills. Conclusions: Vestibular physical therapy is a promising complementary approach in neurorehabilitation. However, the study reveals a perceived lack of basic training in vestibular assessment and therapy. This suggests that more efforts are needed to bridge this knowledge gap and make necessary equipment more accessible
Finite strain continuum phenomenological model describing the shape-memory effects in multi-phase semi-crystalline networks
No full textThermally-driven semi-crystalline polymer networks are capable to achieve both the one-way shape-memory effect and two-way shape-memory effect under stress and stress-free conditions, therefore representing an appealing class of polymers for applications requiring autonomous reversible actuation and shape changes. In these materials, the shape-memory effects are achieved by leveraging the synergistic interaction between one or more crystalline phases and the surrounding amorphous ones that are present within the network itself. The present paper introduces a general framework for the finite strain continuum phenomenological modeling of the thermo-mechanical and shape-memory behavior of multi-phase semi-crystalline polymer networks. Model formulation, including the definition of phase and control variables, kinematic assumptions, and constitutive specifications, is introduced and thoroughly discussed. Theoretical derivations are general and easily adaptable to all cross-linked systems which include two or more crystalline domains or a single crystalline phase with a wide melting range and manifest macroscopically the one-way shape-memory effect and the two-way shape-memory effect under stress and stress-free conditions. Model capabilities are validated against experimental data for copolymer networks with two different crystalline phases characterized by well-separated melting and crystallization transitions. Results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model in predicting all the phenomena involved and in furnishing a useful support for future material and application design purposes
Le fiscal rules del patto di stabilità e crescita
No full textIl saggio analizza la disciplina regolatoria che il diritto UE pone alle finanze pubbliche nazionali, basata sui tre indicatori del disavanzo, del debito e della spesa. Ricostruisce il ruolo del c.d. Sistema europeo dei conti nazionali (SEC) nel determinare le grandezze finanziarie e statistiche rilevanti per l’applicazione del Regolamento CE n. 479 del 2009, in materia di comunicazione e valutazione dei dati statistici e di contabilità nazionali ai fini del coordinamento europeo, soffermandosi in particolare sul conto consolidato delle amministrazioni pubbliche e i suoi sotto-settori. Vengono poi analizzati approfonditamente gli indicatori di finanza pubblica previsti dal diritto dell’UE. In primo luogo quelli collegati al saldo di bilancio, in particolare il rapporto tra il saldo netto effettivo di bilancio e il PIL nominale e il c.d. saldo strutturale, determinato a in base al c.d. output gap. Viene discusso il ruolo di tali indicatori programmatici di bilancio per l’esercizio della funzione di stabilizzazione e l’attuazione delle politiche anticicliche. Segue un’analisi critica dell’indicatore del debito pubblico e del concetto di sostenibilità del debito, e degli indicatori relativi alla spesa pubblica. Infine il contributo si sofferma sull’importanza dei dispositivi giuridici, e in specifico della Direttiva n. 85/201, che ha condotto a internalizzare tali indicatori dentro i sistemi giuridici degli Stati membri e a renderli giuridicamente rilevanti nel processo nazionale di bilancio attraverso la c.d. armonizzazione dei quadri di bilancio nazionali
A viable data driven method for the assessment of the productivity level of dairy cows in future lactations
Full text linkThe challenge of increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of the dairy cattle sector involves several aspects and among these, the milk production throughout the career of a cow, is perhaps the parameter that all farmers would like to know for a more efficient planning of entries and exits. In fact, if on one hand numerous researchers are studying the problem selecting most efficient animals, on the other hand, few studies have focused on the definition of tools forecasting the productivity of dairy cows in the future lactations starting from the data collected in past lactations. This aspect has a particular importance in the first years of a cow since, as well known, first lactation usually has lower production than subsequent lactations. For a farmer it is important to know, as soon as possible, if a specific animal will have on a long term, lactations with high, medium or low milk productivity. The current availability of large dataset collected by automatic milking systems or by electronic milking parlors, paves the way for application of big data approaches based on machine learning algorithms with classification learner representing one of the most promising data-driven tools. In this study, firstly two supervised learning methods, i.e., Super Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbors, have been applied to a large dataset of 720 complete lactations, with the object to train machine learning tools able to classify and separate first and second lactation. The two classification algorithms have been applied to the raw dataset and after the application of a dimensionality reduction method. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (i.e., ISOMAP, UMAP, MDS and t-SNE) have been tested to evaluate the most efficient for this application. Finally, the same two classification algorithms have been used for the attribution of the productivity level of the second lactation starting from data of the first lactation. The two classification methods reached very encouraging accuracy values, ranging from 70% to 73%, indicating that selected predictors despite their simplicity look very promising and entail for the definition of enhanced future models. In fact, the method is particularly interesting for practical applications, as it represents a viable support-to-decision tool for selecting the most productive animals. Interpretive summary The need to increase the sustainability of the animal production sector makes essential to search for new tools to support farmers and vets, and in this the modern numerical techniques based on artificial intelligence are becoming increasingly popular. Especially in the dairy sector, the increase in sustainability is closely linked to the selection of the cows capable of guaranteeing high milk production. In this work a new approach based on machine learning models is proposed for the identification of the most productive animals and for the assessment of the long-term milk productivity class of a specific cow
Melatonin rescues cell respiration impaired by hypoxia/reoxygenation in aortic endothelial cells and affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics targeting the F1FO-ATPase
Full text linkMelatonin is evaluated as a potential molecular therapy to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening undergoes a desensitizing action coupled with a reduction of superoxide anion production in mitochondria treated with melatonin. The effect on mPTP has been attributed to the direct interaction of melatonin with the hydrophilic F1 domain of Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase. Mutual exclusion analysis highlights an overlapping binding site between melatonin and the specific F1 inhibitor NBD-Cl. The results are corroborated by melatonin inhibition of ATPase activity of the purified F1 domain in the presence of Ca2+, but not in the presence of natural cofactor Mg2+. Moreover, the impairment of bioenergetics parameters in pAECs metabolism and the increase of oxidative stress arising by H/R injury have been rescued in cells protected by melatonin treatment
2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery
No full textThe current document presents a revision of the 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery, emerging from a collaborative effort among the EBCP, EACTAIC and EACTS to establish guidance for unified clinical practice guidelines (CPB) practice [1, 2]. The previous guidelines provided the first comprehensive European guidance based on evidence, promoting a message of excellence through collaboration within the cardiac surgical, perfusion and anaesthetic communities.
With recent advances in research that unveiled new evidence related to CPB, an update to the 2019 guidelines was necessary. The revised guidelines reaffirm the foundational practices and incorporate new recommendations that align with the latest evidence-based medicine and contemporary European clinical practices. They expand the guideline's scope with additional sections addressing crucial topics such as temperature management and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). However, the necessity for further research persists, and this iteration of the guidelines emphasizes the ongoing need for scientific inquiry and trials in various CPB domains.
Whereas recent international guidelines cover specific topics like patient blood management and perioperative medication, this document summarizes the evidence and directs readers to these comprehensive guidelines for further details [3, 4]. The task force acknowledges that there have been no significant updates related to CPB, and thus refers to existing materials. Due to length constraints, paediatric CPB has not been included in this edition. These guidelines concentrate on perfusion-related recommendations in addressing broad topics such as cardioplegia and minimally invasive surgery
Reframing Translation Expertise for the AI Era
No full textIn the era of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs), translation expertise is experiencing significant transformation. This chapter compares findings from a 2004 Spanish survey and a 2024 Chinese survey to explore the evolution of key abilities, skills, and knowledge (ASKs) essential for professional translators. By analyzing data from Chinese master’s students and professional translators, the study identifies 12 prioritized ASKs, including language proficiency, domain knowledge, technological proficiency, and professional soft skills. The results reveal shifts in the perception of translation expertise, highlighting the increased importance of professional competencies and well-being, alongside the integration of technology into daily practice. The chapter emphasizes the need to update translation curricula to reflect these changes and underscores the enduring role of human translators in an AI-enhanced environment. Implications for translator education and professional development are discussed, offering an updated model of translation expertise tailored for the GenAI era
Progettare e vivere la partecipazione come volano di sviluppo dei processi di appartenenza e identificazione di studenti e studentesse alla comunità scolastica.
No full textLa crescente crisi della partecipazione dei cittadini rappresenta un importante campanello di allarme per la stabilità delle democrazie europee. Per contrastare questo trend la Commissione europea sottolinea la necessità di un rinnovato impegno dei sistemi scolastici per rinvigorire la partecipazione democratica e promuovere la cittadinanza. La scuola dovrebbe quindi rivestire un ruolo cruciale nel promuovere la partecipazione, caratterizzandosi quale luogo privilegiato per fare esperienza di democrazia. Il presente contributo, basato sui risultati emersi da questionari e interviste a studenti, insegnanti e Dirigenti di tre scuole secondarie di secondo grado del territorio bolognese, si propone di analizzare se le pratiche partecipative implementate da questi istituti si concretizzano in proposte capaci di promuovere nei suoi studenti processi di appartenenza e identificazione, quali presupposti ineludibili per l’attivazione di qualsiasi processo partecipativo
Adolescenti, disagio e educazione alla cittadinanza. Promuovere agency per riappropriarsi del futuro
No full textGli adolescenti sono realmente tutti “ragazzi difficili”? E l’adolescenza è davvero un’età senza futuro e senza cittadinanza?
Il volume intende rispondere a domande che restituiscono l’idea di una emergenza sociale ed educativa in una prospettiva tutta pedagogica, individuando nell’educazione alla cittadinanza attiva e globale e alle competenze non-cognitive una delle vie da percorrere attraverso cui re-agire alla complessa sfida del disagio esistenziale giovanile.
Dopo un focus sulle “sfide” che la società contemporanea pone all’educazione e alla pedagogia, l’autrice approfondisce il costrutto di cittadinanza e di educazione alla cittadinanza per poi concentrarsi sull’approfondimento della condizione giovanile e sulle forme attraverso cui orientare e ri-orientare le giovani generazioni verso il futuro.
In ultimo, vengono restituiti gli esiti di una ricerca quali-quantitativa che ha coinvolto studenti e studentesse tra i 15 e i 19 anni, finalizzata a indagare il ruolo e le influenze che credenze e convinzioni di efficacia nelle life skills hanno sullo sviluppo del pensiero positivo e sul benessere soggettivo degli adolescenti e la relazione esistente tra questi aspetti e la propensione ad assumere forme di responsabilità e impegno civico e atteggiamenti attivi e propositivi nei confronti del futuro