Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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La mente dei bambini e adolescenti: di cosa ha bisogno?
No full textL'articolo, basato sui suggerimenti dell'UNICEF, sottolinea l'importanza di alimentare e curare il benessere psicosociale di bambini e adolescenti. La pratica di questi principi è spesso ostacolata da contesti familiari e scolastici difficili, dove il disagio viene stigmatizzato. Si propone un approccio integrato per affrontare le fragilità giovanili, enfatizzando il ruolo cruciale di insegnanti e psicologi scolastici in un sistema di supporto che valorizzi l'ascolto e la prevenzione. Si richiama l'importanza di una rete professionale e di politiche adeguate per i giovani, in linea con i richiami di organismi nazionali e internazionali sulla responsabilità e l'impegno collettiv
The bidirectional interaction between antidepressants and the gut microbiota: are there implications for treatment response?
Full text linkThis review synthesizes the evidence on associations between antidepressant use and gut microbiota composition and function, exploring the microbiota’s possible role in modulating antidepressant treatment outcomes. Antidepressants exert an influence on measures of gut microbial diversity. The most consistently reported differences were in β-diversity between those exposed to antidepressants and those not exposed, with longitudinal studies supporting a potential causal association. Compositional alterations in antidepressant users include an increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum, Christensenellaceae family, and Bacteroides and Clostridium genera, while a decrease was found in the Firmicutes phylum, Ruminococcaceae family, and Ruminococcus genus. In addition, antidepressants attenuate gut microbial differences between depressed and healthy individuals, modulate microbial serotonin transport, and influence microbiota’s metabolic functions. These include lyxose degradation, peptidoglycan maturation, membrane transport, and methylerythritol phosphate pathways, alongside gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism. Importantly, baseline increased α-diversity and abundance of the Roseburia and Faecalibacterium genera, in the Firmicutes phylum, are associated with antidepressant response, emerging as promising biomarkers. This review highlights the potential for gut microbiota as a predictor of treatment response and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying antidepressant-microbiota interactions. More homogeneous studies and standardized techniques are required to confirm these initial findings. Int Clin Psychopharmacol XXX: XXXX–XXXX Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
Soft contestation’ of the responsibility to protect? Assessing Canada and Sweden’s norm diplomacy
No full textThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P) norm has been contentiously disputed since its adoption by the United Nations in 2005. While much of the norm contestation literature focuses on R2P critics such as Russia or China, we assess the attitudes of two states with a generally supportive stance towards liberal norms: Canada and Sweden. Because both states pioneered the development of R2P but have since retreated from this leadership, their norm engagement offers insights into the implications of more subtle forms of contestation from within the Liberal International Order. How has their diplomatic position evolved over time and how does this affect the norm’s robustness? Using interviews and content analysis, we examine Canadian and Swedish practices of applicatory contestation since 2000. We argue that the binary role descriptions of ‘norm entrepreneurship’ versus ‘antipreneurship’ from agentic constructivism do not fully capture the two states’ attitudes, which have rather moved alongside the spectrum between these extremes. As ‘competitor entrepreneurs’, Canada and Sweden continue to pay lip service to their early R2P-supporting role but contemporarily exert ‘soft contestation’. While substituting components of the norm cluster facilitates implementation by sidestepping political baggage, it ultimately harms the norm’s robustness by narrowing its conceptual scope
La memoria poetica classica
No full textIl contributo fa dialogare il Petrarca lettore dei classici e possessore di codici con temi e forme poetiche creative del suo scrittoio volgare e latino
A Preliminary Evaluation of an Online Parent Training Based on Self-Determination Theory Aimed at Digital Parenting
Full text linkBackground In an age where technology is pervasive, parents may find it difficult to educate their children in a healthy use of digital devices. Objective In this preliminary study, we explore the potential value of an online Parent Training (PT) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in fostering parents' ability to regulate their children's use of digital devices. We also investigate whether the expected improvements can be ascribed to the specific PT provided or may be linked to other forms of training.Methods Thirty-three parents and their 29 children participated in this study. Parents attended one of two PT, based on SDT or Behavior Therapy (BT), respectively. Participants filled in a self-report questionnaire before (T1) and after (T2) the PT sessions, and at a six-month follow-up (T3). The survey investigated parental autonomy support, structure, affiliation, behavioral strategies, and children's digital device-related problem behaviors.Results Parents and children in the SDT-PT group reported an increase in their perceptions of parental structure and affiliation at T2 and T3, and a decrease in behavioral issues at T2; parents also reported higher values of autonomy support at T2 and T3. Compared with parents attending the BT-PT, those in the SDT-PT group reported higher perceptions of autonomy support, parental structure, and parental affiliation at T3.Conclusions Despite several methodological limitations, including a small sample and the absence of a no-intervention control group, this study offers valuable insights for planning SDT-based interventions to support digital parenting, and triggers a series of considerations regarding psychological intervention sustainability
Gender and Territorial Gaps in the Digital Competences of Young Italian Students: The Results of IEA-ICILS
No full textWith the pervasive integration of digital tools and platforms in both formal and informal learning environments, proficiency in navigating and utilizing technology has emerged as a fundamental requirement for students to thrive academically and professionally. In this work, we focused on the results of the large-scale survey International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) conducted in 2018 on four continents by IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) on digital skills at the end of the first cycle of compulsory education (grade 8). We analysed the performance along the entire proficiency distribution. The results show that most Italian students possess only basic level of digital competences, and the differences are more evident in the
South Italy. Also, girls outperform boys, and this is especially true for the lowest quantiles of the score distribution
Greenwashing e tutela del consumatore per un'economia sostenibile
Full text linkRuolo centrale per la transizione verso un’economia sostenibile è riconosciuto dal
legislatore al settore privato. Le scelte degli investitori possono, però, essere distorte da quelle
manifestazioni di comunicazione dell’impresa, note come greenwashing, “che vantino o co-
munque presentino di essa una coerenza con gli obiettivi di sostenibilità che essa concreta-
mente non ha, o non ha nei termini rivendicati”. Il lavoro offre una ricostruzione ragionata dei
numerosi provvedimenti normativi per rendere effettiva la possibilità di orientare il risparmio
privato verso investimenti sostenibili. Individua, quindi, il fenomeno del greenwashing offren-
done una definizione e una ricostruzione del suo concreto operare nel rapporto di investimento.
Il lavoro delimita i possibili rimedi offerti al risparmiatore le cui scelte d’investimento siano
state falsate dal fenomeno del greenwashing. In tale contesto si evidenzia la delicatezza del
tema del risarcimento del danno e della invalidità o risoluzione dei contratti. Il tema confina
con quello delle garanzie nella vendita e con quello delle garanzie per il greenwashing in campo
commerciale. Interessante sarebbe, de iure condendo, che il legislatore, europeo o nazionale,
prendesse in considerazione la prospettiva di prevedere obblighi di garanzia
Circular consumption in agri-food to become sustainable: a semi-systematic review
No full textCircular consumption in the agri-food sector is gaining attention due to its potential to
address sustainability challenges in food systems. Applying circular economy principles
to agri-food consumption aims to maximize resource efficiency, minimize waste, and en-
hance overall sustainability. Present study systematically reviews and maps the existing
literature on consumer studies within the context of circular economy in the agri-food sec-
tor. By examining key themes, topics, and areas of focus, this review provides a compre-
hensive understanding of how consumer behavior, attitudes, and engagement with circular
practices have been studied in the agri-food domain. This review employed bibliometric,
network, and content analyses presenting the results of a literature review that summarizes
and discusses insights from 160 articles for bibliometric and network analyses, and 58
articles for content analysis. The analysis highlights current research gaps, including the
need for more systemic approaches to understand circularity across the entire food supply
chain and deeper insights into consumer behavior on circular consumption. The find-
ings contribute to both academia and practice by proposing strategic directions for future
research and practical interventions, which are essential for informing policymakers and
businesses in fostering sustainable consumption patterns. This work ultimately aims to
support the transition towards sustainable food systems by addressing critical knowledge
gaps in consumer engagement with circular economy practices