Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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Results from the external quality assessment for blood alcohol concentration analysis in Lombardy Region
No full textIntroduction: The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a crucial analysis for both patient health and legal implication. For the Italian law, the cut-off is set at 0 g/L or 0.5 g/L level, depending on the age of the patient. Aim of this paper was to present and comment the results obtained for ethanol concentration obtained by the Regional Coordination Center for Laboratory Medicine of the Lombardy Region (CRCMedLab) in the period 2020-2024. Methods: CRCMedLab manages External Quality Assessment (EQA) program for the analysis of ethanol in whole blood. Control material is provided by manufacturer and is constituted by certified spiked whole blood. CRCMedLab analyzed 51 samples submitted to the Laboratories enrolled in the scheme within the period 2020-2024 for a total of 1051 results. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV%) for the analyzed samples ranged from 3.64 to 18.78. For 26 samples with high target value (>0.8 g/L), the CV ranged from 3.74 to 14.99. Among 12 samples with negative target values (245 results), 1.22% provided false positive result. For 6 samples with target values between 0.1-0.5 g/L (126 results), CV ranged from 6.93 to 16.86. For 7 samples (144 results) with target values near the 0.5 g/L cut-off, the mean concentration was 0.49 g/L: 71 results (49.30%) exceeded the cut-off, while 73 results (50.70%) were below it. The CV for these samples ranged from 5.00% to 18.78%. Discussion: The laboratories participating in the EQA program demonstrate good performance, consistent with literature reports. EQA programs demonstrated a trend of improvement in CV over the years, although not conclusive. Due to the potential legal implication in the forensic field, the measurement uncertainty related to the data provided by laboratories deserves continuous investigation
Laser Therapy for Vascular Malformations of the Oral Cavity: A Systematic Review
No full textObjectives: to compare the clinical effectiveness, safety, and aesthetic outcomes of different laser systems used for the treatment of oral vascular malformations. Materials and Methods: This review followed JBI guidelines and adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 statement. The research was performed through the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for MEDLINE (PubMed), while equivalent free-text terms were applied to Scopus and Web of Science. The initial database search was performed on 20 May 2024. Studies published from 2014 to 2024 focusing on laser therapy for oral vascular lesions were included. Data quality was assessed using NHLBI and ROBINS-I V2 tools. Results: Of the 139 articles identified, 11 met inclusion criteria, assessing Nd:YAG, diode, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO2 lasers. The Nd:YAG laser was effective for deep vascular lesions with strong thermal effects. The diode laser provided excellent coagulation and minimal postoperative discomfort. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser offered faster healing and better cosmetic results. The CO2 laser showed effective results with low recurrence rates. Most studies reported reduced bleeding, pain, and recovery time following laser treatment. Conclusions: Laser therapy, particularly Nd:YAG, diode, and CO2 lasers, offers a safe, effective alternative for oral vascular malformations, providing improved outcomes and fewer complications. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and comparisons with traditional therapies
Frequency-bin entanglement-based Quantum Key Distribution
No full textEntanglement is an essential ingredient in many quantum communication protocols. In particular, entanglement can be exploited in quantum key distribution (QKD) to generate two correlated random bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed by the nonlocal property of quantum mechanics. Most of QKD protocols tested to date rely on polarization and/or time-bin encoding. Despite compatibility with existing fiber-optic infrastructure and ease of manipulation with standard components, frequency-bin QKD have not yet been fully explored. Here we report a demonstration of entanglement-based QKD using frequency-bin encoding. We implement the BBM92 protocol using photon pairs generated by two independent, high-finesse, ring resonators on a silicon photonic chip. We perform a passive basis selection scheme and simultaneously record sixteen projective measurements. A key finding is that frequency-bin encoding is sensitive to the random phase noise induced by thermal fluctuations of the environment. To correct for this effect, we developed a real-time adaptive phase rotation of the measurement basis, achieving stable transmission over a 26 km fiber spool with a secure key rate ≥ 4.5 bit/s. Our work introduces a new degree of freedom for the realization of entangled based QKD protocols in telecom networks
An Unsupervised Clustering Technique for Dual-Pol Sentinel-1 SLC and GRD SAR Data
No full textSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) data classification has gained significant research interest, as accurate land-cover information is vital in a wide range of planning and management activities. While classification algorithms for full-polarimetric (full-pol) SAR data are typically based on the statistical or physical characteristics of the scattering mechanism from targets, classification of co-cross polarization (VV-VH or HH-HV) dual-polarimetric (dual-pol) SAR data has traditionally relied on backscatter intensity information due to its limited polarimetric information. Several studies also employ the dual-pol entropy/alpha decomposition parameters, establishing a conventional framework for supervised and unsupervised classification of dual-pol SAR data. However, it is essential to note that the conventional approach cannot differentiate between certain elementary targets, leading to misclassification among diverse land-cover targets. To address this limitation, we introduce an unsupervised clustering technique for dual-pol Sentinel-1 SAR data utilizing the conventional entropy parameter alongside a dual-pol target characteristic parameter that discriminates between various land-cover targets, including “dihedral-like” (buildings, etc.) and “surface-like” (water bodies, etc.) targets in a dual-pol scene. Thus, the proposed clustering scheme, which applies to both single look complex (SLC) and ground range detected (GRD) SAR, categorizes it into eight clusters, each representing specific target characteristics. We adopted two strategies to assess the proposed clustering scheme: 1) cluster zones obtained for diverse land-cover targets spanning continents and 2) temporal changes in cluster zones over rice-cultivated fields at various growth stages. The proposed approach effectively discriminates diverse land-cover targets and distinct growth stages of rice
Observation of nuclear modification of energy-energy correlators inside jets in heavy ion collisions
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Persistenze nella topografia del sacro a Orvieto tra il periodo preromano e l'età medievale}
No full textOccurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants
No full textImportance: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with psychosis or bipolar disorder (BD) following treatment with stimulants. The extent to which this occurs is currently unclear. Objective: To meta-analytically quantify the occurrence of psychosis or BD after exposure to stimulants in individuals with ADHD and assess possible moderating factors. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid/PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Reviews were searched from inception until October 1, 2024, without language restrictions. Study Selection: Studies of any design with DSM or International Classification of Diseases-defined ADHD populations exposed to stimulants, where psychosis or BD outcomes were evaluated. Data Extraction and Synthesis: PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and MOOSE Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed, the protocol was registered, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane risk of bias-2 tool were used for quality appraisal. Random-effects meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions were conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures: For the proportion of individuals developing psychotic symptoms, psychotic disorders, and BD, effect sizes are reported as percentages with 95% CIs. For the comparison between amphetamines and methylphenidate, effect sizes are presented as odds ratios with 95% CIs. Results: Sixteen studies (N = 391 043; mean [range] age, 12.6 [8.5-31.1] years; 288 199 [73.7%] male) were eligible. Among individuals with ADHD prescribed stimulants, 2.76% (95% CI, 0.73-9.88; k = 10; n = 237 035), 2.29% (95% CI, 1.52-3.40; k = 4; n = 91 437), and 3.72% (95% CI, 0.77-16.05; k = 4; n = 92 945) developed psychotic symptoms, a psychotic disorder, and BD, respectively. Heterogeneity across the studies was significant (I2 > 95%). Psychosis occurrence risk was significantly higher in individuals exposed to amphetamines than to methylphenidate (odds ratio [OR], 1.57, 95% CI, 1.15-2.16; k = 3, n = 231 325). Subgroup analyses showed significantly higher prevalence of psychotic symptoms in studies from North America and in those with longer follow-up periods. Increased psychosis occurrence was associated with a higher proportion of female participants, smaller sample sizes, and higher dose of stimulants. Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a nonnegligible occurrence of psychotic symptoms, psychotic disorders, or BD in individuals with ADHD treated with stimulants. Amphetamines were associated with higher occurrence compared to methylphenidate. The included studies cannot establish causality, highlighting the need for further research, including randomized clinical trials and mirror-image studies comparing individuals exposed and not exposed to stimulants. Nonetheless, clinicians should inform patients about the increased occurrence of psychosis or BD when discussing stimulant pharmacotherapy and systematically monitor for these conditions throughout treatment
L'annosa riforma legislativa sull'attribuzione del cognome ai figli e alle figlie
No full textIl saggio offre un inquadramento generale sullo stato di fatto della riforma organica in materia di
attribuzione del cognome ai figli e alle figlie, a seguito della sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 131 del 2022, con la quale il Giudice delle leggi ha sostituito la regola della attribuzione del solo cognome paterno con quella dell’attribuzione del cognome di entrambi i genitori, salvo loro diverso accordo. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alle proposte di legge presentate al Senato nell'attuale XIX Legislatura e dal gennaio 2024 all'esame della Commissione giustizia del Senato