Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
Not a member yet
135341 research outputs found
Sort by
Testing Models of Collisional Magmatism: A Source-to-Sink Approach Applied to the Central Alps
No full textCompeting models have been proposed to explain syn-orogenic magmatism in the Alps during
the Eocene-Oligocene (~45-30 Ma). During this timeframe, magmatism occurred near the
Periadriatic Fault System due to slab break-off or slab steepening of the European plate
beneath the Adriatic-African plate, leading to emplacement of intrusions, including the Bergell
Pluton. Understanding the emplacement, cooling, exhumation, and erosional history of the
Bergell is key to test models of syn-orogenic magmatism. Short-lived magmatism and rapid
exhumation is expected in the case of slab break-off, whereas a longer history of magmatism
and slower exhumation is anticipated in the case of slab steepening leading to enhanced
corner flow. Our approach involves applying multiple geochronometers to determine a
complete time-temperature history of pluton emplacement, cooling, and exhumation.
Preliminary zircon U-Pb, (U-Th)/He, and Lu-Hf data have been collected from the Bergell
Pluton, Novate Pluton, country rocks (Gruf complex and European crust), and individual
cobbles from the Como and Villa Olmo conglomerates in the proximal foreland basin. These
data constrain crystallization ages of the Bergell (32.15 ± 0.16 Ma) and Novate (25.73 ± 0.18
Ma), as well as showing the prominent Permian signature of the Gruf. Zircon (U-Th)/He ages
of 23-24 Ma for Bergell-derived clasts within the syn-orogenic conglomerates with depositional
age of approximately 23 Ma indicate lag times of less than 1 Ma, implying rapid exhumation. A
granite cobble with a zircon U-Pb age typical of European basement (286.2 ± 1.3 Ma), yielded
Oligocene zircon (U-Th)/He ages (31-35 Ma). Cobbles of granodiorite derived from the Bergell
(with ~32 Ma zircon U-Pb ages and matching initial εHf) show younger, faster exhumation
than cobbles derived from country rocks, indicating the ability of geo-thermochronology to
discriminate different sources. Zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronological data from in situ Bergell
and Gruf exposures yield Miocene cooling ages (19-15 Ma). These data, when combined with
existing thermochronological data from the Bergell, indicate rapid early exhumation of the
Bergell at 25-20 Ma and 17-10 Ma, with slower exhumation after that. The short lag times
between cooling and deposition, and the presence of Bergell-derived clasts in the Como and
Villa Olmo conglomerates, require episodic and rapid early exhumation, supporting the slab
break-off model for syn-orogenic magmatism in the Alps
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textIMPORTANCE Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. OBJECTIVE To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. EXPOSURES SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH
Diode Laser Treatment for Buccal Mucosa Fibrolipoma in an Elderly Patient on Anticoagulants: Case Report and Literature Review
No full textIntroduction: Lipomas are benign neoplasms originating from mesenchymal soft tissue, primarily composed of mature adipocytes and surrounded by a fibrous capsule. While they are relatively common in the head and neck region, oral cavity involvement is rare. Fibrolipoma (FL) is a variant characterized by lobules of adipocytes with dense collagen bands. Its etiology remains uncertain and can occasionally be found in the buccal mucosa. Surgical excision is the gold standard for oral lipomas, and the prognosis is generally favorable. This case report describes the excision of a buccal mucosa FL in a 92-year-old patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy using a diode laser. Methods: A 92-year-old patient with a medical history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension, under anticoagulant therapy, presented with a painless buccal mucosa swelling. The growth affected both the superficial and submucosal layers. Surgical removal of the FL using a diode laser was performed. Results: The diode laser excision of the FL was carried out successfully, with immediate cauterization, eliminating the need for sutures or hemostatic agents. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of FL. Postoperative healing was uneventful at both 1- and 3-month follow-ups. Conclusions: Oral FLs are rare benign tumors primarily treated through surgical excision. In this case, the use of a diode laser provided effective hemostasis, minimal scarring, and rapid recovery, making it a suitable option for patients under anticoagulant therapy. While this report presents promising results, further cases with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the effectiveness and safety of this technique. Laser technology continues to emerge as a valuable tool in oral pathology and surgery, offering minimally invasive alternatives to traditional approaches
Spatial and temporal evaluations of the liquid argon purity in ProtoDUNE-SP
No full textLiquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by the cathode plane assembly, which is biased to create an almost uniform electric field in both volumes. The DUNE Far Detector modules must have robust cryogenic systems capable of filtering argon and supplying the TPC with clean liquid. This paper will explore comparisons of the argon purity measured by the purity monitors with those measured using muons in the TPC from October 2018 to November 2018. A new method is introduced to measure the liquid argon purity in the TPC using muons crossing both drift volumes of ProtoDUNE-SP. For extended periods on the timescale of weeks, the drift electron lifetime was measured to be above 30 ms using both systems. A particular focus will be placed on the measured purity of argon as a function of position in the detector
Poor Agriculture for Rich People? The Books of Accounts of the Billiani Family (Friulian Alps, Seventeenth-Eighteenth Centuries)
No full textOffspring's exposome: a narrative review on the influence of early-life factors on childhood obesity risk
No full textEfficacy, all-cause discontinuation, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA to treat mental disorders: A living systematic review with meta-analysis
No full textSerotonergic psychedelics and 3,4-methylendioxtmethamphetamine (MDMA) are promising treatments for mental disorders with a continuously evolving evidence base. We searched Pubmed/Scopus/clinical trial registries up to 08july2025 for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing MDMA or serotonergic psychedelics in patients with mental disorders. Primary outcomes were change in disease-specific symptoms and all-cause discontinuation. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and relative risk (RR) were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane’s RoB-tool version 2 and certainty of evidence with GRADE. The review is maintained as living systematic review ( https://ebipsyche-database.org/ ). We included 30 RCTs (1480 participants; female=45.8 %; with psychological support=83.3 %; high RoB=83.3 %). In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), MDMA reduced PTSD symptoms compared to any control ( k = 11; SMD=-0.85 [-1.09; -0.60]; I2=0 %; GRADE=low). In major depressive disorder (MDD), psilocybin/ayahuasca/LSD reduced depressive symptoms ( k = 8; SMD=-0.62 [-0.97; -0.28]; I2=55 %; GRADE=very low). In anxiety disorders, both MDMA and serotonergic psychedelics reduced anxiety symptoms (SMDMDMA=-1.18 [-2.04; -0.32]; I2=0 %; k = 2; GRADE=low and SMDserotonergic=-0.88 [-1.70; -0.06]; I2=54 %; k = 5; GRADE=very low). In alcohol use disorder, neither psilocybin nor LSD reduced abstinence rates ( k = 6; RR=1.42 [0.89; 2.26]; I2=7 %; GRADE=very low). In attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), LSD did not reduce ADHD symptoms ( k = 1; SMD=0.22 [-0.32; 0.76]; GRADE=very low). Moderate certainty in evidence was only found for MDMA on PTSD symptoms when compared to placebo. MDMA/serotonergic psychedelics were not associated with higher risk of all-cause discontinuation (RRMDMA=0.74 [0.32; 1.72]; RRserotonergic=0.81 [0.56; 1.15]). Overall, MDMA/serotonergic psychedelics are promising for the treatment of PTSD, MDD, and anxiety disorders with moderate to large effect sizes. Pragmatic trials, long-term, head-to-head trials exploring the role of psychological support, aiming to identify predictors of response, and accounting for expectancy and functional unblinding are needed. Studies addressing these limitations will likely be required for regulatory approval of psychedelic drugs
Bipartite Gaussian boson sampling in the time-frequency-bin domain with squeezed light generated by a silicon nitride microresonator
No full textWe demonstrate high-dimensional bipartite Gaussian boson sampling with squeezed light across 6 mixed time-frequency modes. Non-degenerate two-mode squeezing is generated in two time-bins from a silicon nitride microresonator. An unbalanced interferometer embedding electro-optic modulators and stabilized by exploiting the continuous energy-time entanglement of the generated photon pairs, couples time and frequency-bin modes arranged in a two-dimensional 3 by 2 rectangular lattice, thus enabling both local and non-local interactions. We measure 144 collision-free events with 4 photons at the output, achieving a fidelity greater than 0.98 with the theoretical probability distribution. We use this result to identify the similarity between families of isomorphic graphs with 6 vertices