Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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Piccola Età Glaciale in Trentino
No full textI ghiacciai rappresentano un componente essenziale per l’ecosistema, fungendo da riserva d’acqua dolce e sostenendo la biodiversità. Il loro rapido arretramento, in tempi recenti, ha importanti conseguenze per l’equilibrio ambientale. Il volume esplora il mondo del ghiaccio e dei ghiacciai in Trentino considerandoli come ampi ecosistemi di alta quota e analizzando la loro evoluzione nel tempo. L’opera racconta la storia di questi ambienti unici analizzando la loro morfologia, incluse le forme più nascoste, celate nel sottosuolo, e quella delle zone circostanti. Il testo, arricchito da mappe storiche, rilievi cartografici recenti ed eloquenti confronti fotografici fra passato e presente, si intreccia con il racconto delle prime esplorazioni alpinistiche e con storie di uomini e donne che sui ghiacciai hanno vissuto e combattuto. Particolare attenzione viene posta alle dinamiche di questi ecosistemi, alla loro fragilità e alle implicazioni ecologiche legate agli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici. Un viaggio che, attraverso le mutazioni della natura, invita a riflettere sulla relazione tra il nostro futuro e il destino delle montagne
La voce del re. Parola, potere, libertà sull’altopiano sudafricano, ca. 1800-1903
No full textIl volume ricostruisce per la prima volta il ruolo della voce in due importanti istituzioni politiche dell’altopiano sudafricano del diciannovesimo secolo: l’assemblea e il consiglio. Lo studio approfondisce in particolare il caso del regno del Lesotho. Preparate con cura dal sovrano, le assemblee costituivano l’ultimo passaggio di un processo politico che iniziava nel ristretto consiglio di corte del re e che attribuiva la massima importanza alla voce, tratto distintivo degli esseri umani in quanto soggetti politici. Pula! tuonava l’assemblea: raccolta nelle ampie piazze tonde al centro dell’abitato, o nella vasta pianura immediatamente al di fuori, la comunità riunita ascoltava, assisteva e aspettava fino a quando l’ultimo degli oratori non finiva il suo intervento. Tutte le voci risuonavano allora all’unisono invocando la pioggia benefica, testimonianza e sanzione delle decisioni prese. Nell’assemblea e nel consiglio del re, la voce era ascoltata, riportata, rappresentata; la parola era comando, condanna, legge: ma solo quando la singola voce del re si fondeva nel tonare del popolo
La garanzia dell'esistenza del credito nella cessione.
No full textIl saggio ricostruisce natura giuridica ed effetti della garanzia del nomen verum nella cessione del credito
Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990-2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy across all countries (overall mean –0·18 years [95% UI –0·22 to –0·13]), with all countries having an absolute fall in life expectancy except for Ireland, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which showed marginal improvement in life expectancy, and Belgium, which showed no change in life expectancy. Across countries, the causes of death responsible for the largest improvements in life expectancy from 1990 to 2011 were cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases were the primary driver of reductions in life expectancy improvements during 2011–19, and deaths from respiratory infections and other COVID-19 pandemic-related outcomes were responsible for the decreases in life expectancy during 2019–21. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms in 2019 were attributable to high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, tobacco smoke, high LDL cholesterol, high BMI, occupational risks, high alcohol use, and other risks including low physical activity. Exposure to these major risk factors differed by country, with trends of increasing exposure to high BMI and decreasing exposure to tobacco smoke observed in all countries during 1990–2021. Interpretation: The countries that best maintained improvements in life expectancy after 2011 (Norway, Iceland, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden) did so through better maintenance of reductions in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, underpinned by decreased exposures to major risks, possibly mitigated by government policies. The continued improvements in life expectancy in five countries during 2019–21 indicate that these countries were better prepared to withstand the COVID-19 pandemic. By contrast, countries with the greatest slowdown in life expectancy improvements after 2011 went on to have some of the largest decreases in life expectancy in 2019–21. These findings suggest that government policies that improve population health also build resilience to future shocks. Such policies include reducing population exposure to major upstream risks for cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, such as harmful diets and low physical activity, tackling the commercial determinants of poor health, and ensuring access to affordable health services. Funding: Gates Foundation
¡Bienvenidos a todos! Who’s ready for some música?”. Minority Cultures, L3s and the Realms of Ethnolinguistic Diversity in Dialogues, Songs and Visual Elements in American Animated Films and their Italian Dubbed Version
No full textNanoparticle-Based Dry Powder Inhaler Containing Ciprofloxacin for Enhanced Targeted Antibacterial Therapy
No full textBackground: Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a poorly water-soluble fluoroquinolone-type antibiotic that can be useful in the treatment of lung infections. When the drugs are delivered directly to the lungs, a smaller dosage is needed to achieve the desired effect compared to the oral administration. Moreover, the application of nanoparticles potentially enhances the effectiveness of the treatments while lowering the possible side effects. Therefore, we aimed to develop a “nano-in-micro” structured dry powder inhaler formulation containing CIP. Methods: A two-step preparation method was used. Firstly, a nanosuspension was first prepared using a high-performance planetary mill by wet milling. After the addition of different additives (leucine and mannitol), the solid formulations were created by spray drying. The prepared DPI samples were analyzed by using laser diffraction, nanoparticle tracking analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The solubility and in vitro dissolution tests in artificial lung fluid and in vitro aerodynamic investigations (Spraytec® device, Andersen Cascade Impactor) were carried out. Results: The nanosuspension (D50: 140.0 ± 12.8 nm) was successfully prepared by the particle size reduction method. The DPIs were suitable for inhalation based on the particle diameter and their spherical shape. Improved surface area and amorphization after the preparation processes led to faster drug release. The excipient-containing systems were characterized by large lung deposition (fine particle fraction around 40%) and suitable aerodynamic diameter (between 3 and 4 μm). Conclusions: We have successfully formulated a nanosized antibiotic-containing formulation for pulmonary delivery, which could provide a potential treatment for patients with different respiratory infections
La seconda vita della certosa di Trisulti: splendore e rinascita sotto il “glorioso priorato” di dom Pietro Paolo Pedini
No full textScalable Photoinduced Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Biorelevant Oxazoles
No full textThe practical and scalable synthesis of bioactive oxazoles remains challenging due to the limitations of existing methods, which often rely on intramolecular cyclization, transition metal catalysis, or harsh reaction conditions. To overcome these issues, we have developed a photoflow-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition between diazo compounds and nitriles, enabling a streamlined and step-efficient approach to oxazole synthesis. This strategy has facilitated the scalable preparation of various oxazole-based alkaloids, including balsoxine, texamine, uguenenazole, pimprinine, and pimprinaphine, as well as drug precursors and deuterium-labeled oxazoles. By introducing a modular, benchtop flow process, our method significantly improves the scalability and accessibility of diverse bioactive oxazoles
