Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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From COPD to Smoke-Related Arteriopathy: The Mechanical and Immune–Inflammatory Landscape Underlying Lung Cancer Distant Spreading—A Narrative Review
No full textMetastatic dissemination defines a complex phenomenon driven by genetic forces and, importantly, determined by interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma. Although the biologic and immune reactions which characterize the process have been widely and extensively evaluated, fewer data are available regarding the mechanical and physical forces to which circulating neoplastic clones are exposed. It should be hypothesized that this interaction can be modified in case of concomitant pathologic conditions, such as chronic vasculopathy, which frequently occurs in lung cancer patients. We here aim at analyzing and discussing the complex interplay between lung malignant transformation and arteriopathy, mainly focusing on the immune–inflammatory systemic reaction. Notably—in most instances—smoking-related fixed airflow obstruction, including but not limited to COPD, frequently coexists and contributes to both tumor progression and vascular complications. Attention is paid mainly to the analysis of the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors and their interaction with triple bronchodilation and antiaggregants. Understanding the biomechanical and molecular dynamics of lung cancer progression in altered vascular territories has several translational implications in defining risk stratification and in surgical planning and therapeutic targeting. Moreover, computational modeling of the physical forces which regulate the transit and extravasation of metastatic clones in altered contexts could be of help in deciphering the whole process and in determining more effective blockade strategies
NON-DESTRUCTIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF TIMBER ALTARPIECES: SOUND-INDUCED LASER VIBROMETRY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DELAMINATION
No full textThe preservation of cultural heritage requires non-destructive techniques to assess the condition of historical artifacts. This study examines the dynamic behavior of a timber altarpiece replica, covered with traditional plaster and painted layers, using laser vibrometer technology. The goal is to analyze its response to low-volume sound levels and to detect early signs of delamination by identifying increased vibration amplitudes in compromised areas. This approach effectively detects vibration patterns that indicate potential delamination before visible damage occurs, highlighting the value of laser-based techniques for non-destructive diagnostics and the preservation of cultural heritage
Measurement of the W boson decay branching fraction ratio B(W→cq)∕B(W→q̄q′) in proton-proton collisions at √s =13 TeV
No full textThe most precise measurement to date of the [Figure presented] boson hadronic decay branching fraction ratio [Figure presented] is presented. The measurement is based on a sample of proton-proton collision data from the CERN LHC collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 with an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. The large cross section of top quark-antiquark production at the LHC offers a sizable high-purity sample of [Figure presented] bosons suitable for this measurement. Events with one charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, two tagged as bottom quark jets, are analyzed. Charm jets are tagged using the presence of a muon inside the jet. The result, [Figure presented], is consistent with the standard model prediction and is twice as precise as the current world-average value
Cannabis
No full textThe interest in medical cannabis has been growing over the last few years. Cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system and may modulate different aspects related to cognition, socioemotional responses, susceptibility to seizures, nociception, and neuronal plasticity, which are often altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research on the use of medical cannabis for ASD is insufficient to provide clinical guidance on the efficacy, safety, composition, and dosage. However, medical cannabis might represent a promising treatment for ASD-associated symptoms based on the results of one randomized, controlled trial. Future research should develop rigorously designed studies to compare the efficacy and safety of medical cannabis alone or in combination with antipsychotics to other treatments. Medical cannabis and cannabis-derived products may be used to manage some ASD-associated symptoms on an individual basis if other evidence-based treatments have failed, after a comprehensive assessment and under medical surveillance
An IoE-based Framework Supporting Human-Centric Industry
No full textIndustry 5.0 envisions manufacturing systems that are human-centric, sustainable, and resilient. In this context, the Internet of Everything (IoE) enables integration of devices, people, and processes into a unified digital ecosystem. This paper presents a modular, semantically enriched framework that supports this transition by managing heterogeneous data sources - such as IoT sensors, wearable devices, and smart objects - through a layered architecture. The platform enables real-time data stream processing, semantic interoperability, and secure, context-aware access. Anomaly detection is enabled through a privacy-preserving mechanism based on behavioral fingerprinting and federated learning. The platform supports immersive human-machine interaction via gesture recognition, empowering workers to control and interact with industrial systems. Use cases demonstrate the system's ability to support gesture-based control and intelligent monitoring, highlighting its potential to enhance adaptability, security, and worker empowerment in Industry 5.0 environments
An Optimization and Manufacturing Approach To Support the Design of Patient Specific Hip Prostheses
No full textKant nella Reine Rechtslehre. Spunti critici
No full textHans Kelsen, adottando nella Reine Rechtslehre un’impostazione neokantiana, propone di sottoporre a rivoluzione copernicana la scienza giuridica tradizionale attraverso il passaggio da una concezione trascendente a una concezione trascendentale del diritto, ispirata al criticismo di Immanuel Kant. Il presente contributo considera alcune delle tesi principali di Hans Kelsen sul rapporto tra diritto pubblico e diritto privato espresse nella Reine Rechtslehre e ne valuta la coerenza con la matrice neokantiana che informa l’opera
Universities, student housings and cities: a network for innovation and development
No full textThe contribution aims to analyze, through a historical excursus, the close relationship between the development of universities, student housing and cities. This relationship is built on synergies, continuous transformations and modifications in response to social, cultural, economic and environmental changes. Even today, the bond between cities, universities and colleges remains essential and constantly evolving. Considering these premises, the contribution examines the University of Pavia and the city as a university campus, with colleges playing an active role, as an emblematic case study. This process follows a complex history but continues to shape transformation and renewal policies while respecting the historical memory of both the university and the city. Finally, a critical reading of this process is considered an opportunity to identify new policies for innovation and updating in response to changing needs, as well as to improve performance not only in compliance with regulatory guidelines but also with the belief that college structures play an active role in addressing contemporary issues
La testa del Doriforo dalla “Palestra” di Villa Adriana a Tivoli
No full textSi inquadra la testa del Doriforo, rinvenuta durante un breve sondaggio nella cd. “Palestra”
di Villa Adriana, fra le attestazioni di opere di Policleto nella residenza tiburtina. L’analisi dell’opera
consente di ravvisare nel complesso una doppia vocazione, ginnasiale / atletica, confermando l’originaria
identificazione di Pirro Ligorio in una palestra, e cultuale, considerata la presenza di statue di divinità
egizie. La scelta del tipo del Doriforo, e più in generale di tipi policletei presenti nella Villa, mostra il
legame speciale fra la committenza imperiale e lo scultore argivo
Low-intensity pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation enhances fusion in bovine myoblasts and improves tensile properties of engineered skeletal muscle tissue
No full textPulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has been widely investigated in musculoskeletal applications. This study investigates its application to promote bovine myoblast differentiation and maturation for cultured meat production, aiming to generate muscle constructs that better resemble conventional meat. PEMF stimulation duration and the effect of intermittent recovery were evaluated in terms of metabolic activity, differentiation markers, and structural characteristics in both 2D myoblast cultures and 3D bio-artificial muscle constructs. The best results were obtained with daily intermittent PEMF stimulation consisting of 90s stimulations separated by 30s breaks for 2h per day. This intermittent protocol increased the metabolic activity of myotubes, particularly those derived from low-fusion donors. Additionally, an increase in myoblast fusion capacity was observed under this condition. When applied to bio-artificial muscle constructs, both intermittent and 2h continuous PEMF stimulation enhanced metabolic activity, multinucleation, and striation, while maintaining similar fusion capacities to non-stimulated muscle constructs. Furthermore, PEMF-stimulated constructs exhibited significant enhancements in mechanical properties, with stiffness increasing similar to 2-fold and ultimate tensile strength rising by similar to 1.7-fold, approaching values observed in native adult muscle tissue. Concurrently, continuous stimulation led to an increase in myotube diameter. These findings suggest that low-intensity PEMF stimulation is a promising tool for muscle tissue engineering. For cultured meat applications, PEMF stimulation could improve the texture and structure of muscle constructs, thereby enhancing consumer acceptance of structured meat products