Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
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Green messaging in Italian grocery: communicating sustainability through packaging
No full textIn the Italian grocery sector, how is sustainability communicated through food packaging? To find an answer, this study identifies and tracks the textual and visual sustainability-related elements on thousands of packaging items over time. The results, based on a large dataset of images of products marketed in Italy between 2016 and 2024, reveal the prevalence of material-related claims and distinct sustainability narratives depending on product category, consumer expectations, and regulatory changes. These findings provide valuable insights into how companies adapt their packaging communication strategies in response to changing market demands and institutional pressure
I fattori abilitanti della loyalty (enabler) nei contesti digitali
No full textQuesto contributo si concentra sulle condizioni che possono rendere tali touchpoint efficaci nel generare loyalty. Sebbene i touchpoint rappresentino l’infrastruttura necessaria per l’interazione, da soli potrebbero non essere sufficienti. Il loro potenziale impatto dipende da una serie di fattori abilitanti (enabler) che fungono da mediatori o moderatori, trasformando un semplice contatto in una relazione significativa e duratura. Gli enabler includono l’esperienza dell’utente, il coinvolgimento del cliente, la connessione con il marchio, la soddisfazione, la qualità percepita, la fiducia, l’equità dei prezzi, la gamification e la personalizzazione. Ciascuno di questi elementi può svolgere un ruolo decisivo nel determinare se e in che modo i touchpoint sono in grado di sostenere lo sviluppo della loyalty. Allo stesso modo, le strategie omnicanale possono moltiplicare le opportunità di contatto, ma senza una coerenza tra le esperienze rischiano di confondere i clienti e indebolire il rapporto con il marchio. Lo scopo di questo capitolo è identificare e sistematizzare gli enabler e le condizioni limite che intervengono nella loyalty digitale, evidenziare come gli enabler influenzano la fiducia e la soddisfazione dei clienti, rafforzano il legame con il marchio e attivano diverse forme di coinvolgimento, identificare i meccanismi attraverso i quali operano gli enabler
3SUM in Preprocessed Universes: Faster and Simpler
No full textWe revisit the 3SUM problem in the preprocessed universes setting. We present an algorithm that, given three sets A, B, C of n integers, preprocesses them in quadratic time, so that given any subsets A′⊆A, B′⊆B, C′⊆C, it can decide if there exist a∈A′, b∈B′, c∈C′ with a+b=c in time O(n^1.5 log n). In contrast to both the first subquadratic O~(n^13/7)-time algorithm by Chan and Lewenstein (STOC 2015) and the current fastest O~(n^11/6)-time algorithm by Chan, Vassilevska Williams, and Xu (STOC 2023), which are based on the Balog–Szemerédi–Gowers theorem from additive combinatorics, our algorithm uses only standard 3SUM-related techniques, namely FFT and linear hashing modulo a prime. It is therefore not only faster but also simpler. Just as the two previous algorithms, ours not only decides if there is a single 3SUM solution but it actually determines for each c∈C′ if there is a solution containing it. We also modify the algorithm to still work in the scenario where the set C is unknown at the time of preprocessing. Finally, even though the simplest version of our algorithm is randomized, we show how to make it deterministic losing only polylogarithmic factors in the running time
Reazioni organizzative alle valutazioni di esperti e consumatori nell'alta cucina
No full textNel settore dell’alta cucina le organizzazioni si affidano agli intermediari per affermare e difendere il proprio status. Attraverso un’analisi multimodale, il lavoro esplora come i ristoranti reagiscono all’introduzione di nuove classifiche (es. Guida Michelin) e alle recensioni online. I risultati mostrano risposte strategiche, spesso più simboliche che sostanziali, tese a soddisfare le aspettative del pubblico senza compromettere gli obiettivi di lungo periodo. L’indagine rivela come lo status generi pressioni reputazionali rilevanti e come le reazioni organizzative siano influenzate da visibilità, tono e contenuto delle valutazioni ricevute
Applied mathematics workbook
No full textThe text is intended as a support tool for students taking the course Applied Mathematics. Divided into topics according to the exam syllabus, multiple-choice and open-ended questions help students prepare for the exam and test their level of knowledge. At the end of each chapter there are detailed solutions, that will make the preparation even more complete
The perks of market timing in mergers and acquisitions
No full textEuropean mergers and acquisitions (M&A) market has been subject to a series of merger waves from the 1980s. According to the behavioral school, merger waves occur because during hot stock market periods companies exploit their overvalued price to enter M&A transactions. This chapter tries to assess the benefit of market timing in the M&A market. Specifically, the analysis will be devoted to the short- and long-run returns for bidding companies that decided to time the market and others who chose not to exploit their stock overvaluation. Results show that companies timing the market and using their overvalued equity as a payment method generate higher returns than those companies that do not. The results are consistent in both the short and the long run. On the contrary, companies using cash as the method of payment of the transaction generate positive returns in the short run but suffer long-run losses. Cash acquiring companies show a long-run reversal in the bidder’s stock price. The results provided in this chapter are in line with the market timing theory. European stock acquiring companies should time the market when their stock is overvalued because they benefit from long-run returns. The same is not true for cash acquiring companies. They are worse off because they pay with cash during a hot stock market period
Imagining the future: memory, simulation and beliefs
No full textHow do people form beliefs about novel risks, with which they have little or no experience? Motivated by survey data on beliefs about Covid we collected in 2020, we build a model based on the psychology of selective memory. When a person thinks about an event, different experiences compete for retrieval, and retrieved experiences are used to simulate the event based on how similar they are to it. The model predicts that different experiences interfere with each other in recall and that non domain-specific experiences can bias beliefs based on their similarity to the assessed event. We test these predictions using data from our Covid survey and from a primed-recall experiment about cyberattack risk. In line with our theory of similarity-based retrieval and simulation, experiences and their measured similarity to the cued event help account for experience effects, priming effects, and the interaction of the two in shaping beliefs
Voting and climate change: how an extreme weather event increased support for a radical-right incumbent in Italy
No full textWe empirically assess two contrasting predictions that disasters related to climate change raise support for (1) environmentalist parties and (2) incumbents that successfully provide disaster relief. We study the electoral effects of Vaia, a devastating storm that hit the mountainous area of northeast Italy in 2018, on European Parliament elections. We measure the storm's material consequences combining granular data on forest disruption and municipal-level registries of damage relief. We exploit the stark variation in damage intensity between adjacent and closely similar municipalities in a stringent difference-in-differences design. The storm significantly increased support for the regional incumbent ---the radical-right Lega in most affected provinces--- and did not generate positive electoral returns for parties with environmentalist platforms. More research is needed to understand under which conditions exposure to extreme weather events activates support for environmentalist policy
The TCC model. Turning data into competitive advantage
No full textTCC, a company specializing in loyalty programs, adopts a holistic, data-driven approach to loyalty campaign design. Every step is backed by in-depth data analysis with the goal of maximizing return on investment (ROI) and return on emotions (ROE) for retailers. TCC’s approach to loyalty measurement demonstrates how a data-driven strategy can not only improve campaign performance, but also provide detailed insights into customer behavior and optimize marketing strategies
Subtle Cues and Substantial Challenges in Early-Stage Financing: Essays on Pitch Evaluation and Women in Entrepreneurship
Get PDFThis dissertation primarily address scholarly conversations on (1) communication strategy in entrepreneurial pitches and (2) the inclusivity of women in entrepreneurship, in both formal and informal early-stage financing settings. Empirically, I employ machine learning algorithms to analyze large unstructured data, including texts, images, and videos of entrepreneurs collected from publicly accessible websites like YouTube and Kickstarter. I also refer to large scale archival database of funding deal records from Crunchbase. Recognizing the challenge in quantifying subtle nonverbal cues within entrepreneurial pitches, my dissertation began with a comprehensive review of coding tools used in published social science papers, complemented by practical applications to 50 accelerator pitch videos. This study wraps up with targeted algorithm suggestions for facial and vocal analysis, alongside a qualitative discussion about emotional disclosure in accelerator pitches of successful entrepreneurs. Transitioning from methodological exploration to practical application, the next study analyzed 183 pitch videos to uncover gender differences in the evaluation of nonverbal emotional neutrality in the crowdfunding context. I observed that gender-conforming expressions of emotion tend to be favored over non-conforming ones among informal investors. Building on these insights about gender difference in early-stage financing evaluation, the third study examines a potential solution to early-stage funding access of female entrepreneurs. Contrary to the implications of gender homophily between female investors and entrepreneurs, I find that the representation of female-founded startups securing initial funding rounds decreased when a female venture capitalist is involved, in states with heightened public attention post Elizabeth Holmes scandal. Overall, this dissertation critically explores gender and entrepreneurship, focusing on the subtle cues that may benefit women in pitch evaluations and substantial challenges they face in securing early-stage financing