Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
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Lower artificial intelligence literacy predicts greater AI receptivity
No full textAs artificial intelligence (AI) transforms society, understanding factors that influence AI receptivity is increasingly important. The current research investigates which types of consumers have greater AI receptivity. Contrary to expectations revealed in four surveys, cross country data and six additional studies find that people with lower AI literacy are typically more receptive to AI. This lower literacy-greater receptivity link is not explained by differences in perceptions of AI’s capability, ethicality, or feared impact on humanity. Instead, this link occurs because people with lower AI literacy are more likely to perceive AI as magical and experience feelings of awe in the face of AI’s execution of tasks that seem to require uniquely human attributes. In line with this theorizing, the lower literacy-higher receptivity link is mediated by perceptions of AI as magical and is moderated among tasks not assumed to require distinctly human attributes. These findings suggest that companies may benefit from shifting their marketing efforts and product development towards consumers with lower AI literacy. Additionally, efforts to demystify AI may inadvertently reduce its appeal, indicating that maintaining an aura of magic around AI could be beneficial for adoption
The greatest teaching hospital in Italy: striving for change after turbolent times
No full textThe case study examines PUI's efforts to drive organizational change for greater efficiency and budget deficit reduction. A Consulting Group of healthcare experts and academics applied a theory-driven approach to change management in one of Europe's largest public hospitals. Key insights include the complexity of stakeholder dynamics in teaching hospitals, the role of enabling tools, and the importance of participatory approaches. Designed for postgraduate and executive courses, the case highlights strategic trade-offs in public organizations and explores effective change management strategies
‘Mind the professional gap’: exploring how doctors experience working in peripheral areas
Get PDFBackground - The shortage of medical professionals in peripheral areas is an international challenge, not only in the developing world but also in developed countries. This jeopardises the quality and equity of care provision. Recent scholarship has started to investigate the factors that encourage doctors to practice in rural settings, but further research is required to address some shortcomings (Holloway et al., 2020). This exploratory study aims to expand current literature by specifically focusing on the professional and organizational factors that shape doctors working experience in peripheral areas.
Methods - By adopting a qualitative research approach and drawing from the literature on medical professionalism, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of professional drivers shaping at the individual level the experience of doctors working in peripheral areas, as well as the organizational factors supporting or hindering their motivation. We performed 22 interviews with professionals and managers in four Italian local health authorities managing small-sized hospitals in peripheral areas.
Results - The findings from this study present intriguing insights that invite a reconsideration of the work experience of doctors in peripheral areas through the tenets of professionalism. The professional factors identified by the study unfold within a nuanced trade-off of ambiguity, wherein factors typically associated with preferences for urban working environments, like teaching hospitals and hubs, surprisingly unveil implications and advantageous prospects for peripheral work settings. This suggests the need to reconsider and broaden our understanding of the factors influencing professionals'work experience in peripheral healthcare settings, recognising that what may conventionally be seen as factors favouring complex and urban hospitals can present unique advantages when applied to peripheral contexts. Furthermore, the study identifies specific organizational factors that might support or hinder the individual perceptions of professional needs in peripheral areas.
Conclusions - The paper provides intriguing opportunities for tailoring employment propositions for professionals. Our research shows that policymakers and public healthcare managers should acknowledge a more nuanced scenario and craft policies specifically tailored to peripheral organisations, carefully considering professional needs
Machine learning-assisted health economics and policy reviews: a comparative assessment
Get PDFIntroduction: The growth of scientific literature in health economics and policy represents a challenge for researchers conducting literature reviews. This study explores the adoption of a machine learning (ML) tool to enhance title and abstract screening. By retrospectively assessing its performance against the manual screening of a recent scoping review, we aimed to evaluate its reliability and potential for streamlining future reviews. Methods: ASReview was utilised in 'Simulation Mode' to evaluate the percentage of relevant records found (RRF) during title/abstract screening. A dataset of 10,246 unique records from three databases was considered, with 135 relevant records labelled. Performance was assessed across three scenarios with varying levels of prior knowledge (PK) (i.e., 5, 10, or 15 records), using both sampling and heuristic stopping criteria, with 100 simulations conducted for each scenario. Results: The ML tool demonstrated strong performance in facilitating the screening process. Using the sampling criterion, median RRF values stabilised at 97% with 25% of the sample screened, saving reviewers approximately 32 working days. The heuristic criterion showed similar median values, but greater variability due to premature conclusions upon reaching the threshold. While higher PK levels improved early-stage performance, the ML tool's accuracy stabilised as screening progressed, even with minimal PK. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of ML tools to enhance the efficiency of title and abstract screening in health economics and policy literature reviews. To fully realise this potential, it is essential for regulatory bodies to establish comprehensive guidelines that ensure ML-assisted reviews uphold rigorous evidence quality standards, thereby enhancing their integrity and reliability
Toward D2A: enhancing luxury fashion with seamless and immersive phygital customer experiences
No full textThis study explores direct-to-avatar (D2A) strategies—where brands engage directly with consumer avatars in virtual environments—in the luxury fashion retail sector, focusing on enhancing customer engagement and creating a seamless phygital (physical + digital) experience through virtual immersion. Situated at the crossroads of physical and digital realms, this research assesses how immersive experiences contribute to perceived seamlessness and customer engagement within D2A and direct-to-consumer (D2C) frameworks. Employing a mixed-method approach, including qualitative interviews with luxury fashion brand managers and three experimental design studies, this paper addresses the relatively underexplored effects of immersive experiences in marketing. Our findings reveal that immersion in D2A significantly boosts customer perceptions of channel seamlessness and engagement, with empowerment playing a key amplifying role in the seamlessness–engagement relationship. This paper enriches digital marketing strategies by highlighting the pivotal role of D2A in crafting engaging and unified customer experiences, offering luxury fashion marketing managers practical insights to thrive in the phygital landscape
Anglo-Saxon Res Judicata Culture for Civil Law Systems
Get PDFres judicata embodies a significant trend in this evolving process, whether for overruling legal precedents or introducing new legislative provisions. In one of the oldest civil law systems, the Italian system, the scope of res judicata has expanded significantly, and the primary goal of civil justice reforms and the new jurisprudence has been to reduce multiple litigations. While some differences exist, there is a growing convergence between the two legal systems on the role and impact of res judicata in preventing the relitigation of cases. Res judicata serves as a privileged lens through which familiar elements of both systems contribute to shaping a global pattern of civil justice
An alternative approach for nonparametric analysis of random utility models
Get PDFWe readdress the problem of nonparametric statistical testing of random utility models proposed in Kitamura and Stoye (2018). Although their test is elegant, it is subject to computational constraints which leaves execution of the test infeasible in many applications. We note that much of the computational burden in Kitamura and Stoye's test is due to their test defining a polyhedral cone through its vertices rather than its faces. We propose an alternative but equivalent hypothesis test for random utility models. This test relies on a series of equality and inequality constraints which defines the faces of the corresponding polyhedral cone. Building on our testing procedure, we develop a novel axiomatization of the random utility model
Let us not speak of them, but look and pass? Organizational responses to online reviews
Get PDFIn a world where five stars have become the standard for evaluating many transactions, and consumers turn to the crowd for guidance when making a wide variety of choices, organizations cannot dismiss online reviews as inconsequential. And while we know a lot about how organizations respond to reviews online, there has been a lack of systematic evidence showing how organizations behave in response to online feedback once their screens are turned off. This paper leverages a novel combination of insights from a lab-in-the-field experiment, an archival study, and two rounds of qualitative interviews in the French restaurant industry to examine online and offline responses to reviewer feedback. We identify characteristics of the review, the restaurant, and the respondent that influenced when restaurants in our sample were more likely to align their actions online and offline, and when they were more likely to decouple them—i.e., posting an online response promising to take corrective action while having no intention to change how the restaurant operates “in real life”. We conclude by speculating on potential mechanisms behind our respondents’ reactions, and discussing our contribution to literature on producer reactivity and the symbolic management of change
Like stars: how firms learn at scientific conferences
No full textScientific conferences are an underexplored channel by which firms can learn from science. We provide empirical evidence that firms learn from scientific conferences in which they participate, but also that this is conditional on intense participation. Using data from conference papers in computer science since the 1990s, we show that corporate investments in participation are both frequent and highly skewed, with some firms contributing to a given conference scientifically, some as sponsors, and some doing both. We use direct flights as an instrumental variable for the probability that other scientists participate in the same conference as a firm, altering the knowledge set to which the firm is exposed. We find that a firm’s use of scientists’ knowledge increases when they participate in the same conferences. Greater participation efforts, where the firm seeks the spotlight by both sponsoring the conference and contributing to its scientific discourse, foretell research collaborations and a stronger learning effect. Such learning is disproportionately concentrated among the most prominent firms and scientists rather than benefitting those without alternative interaction channels. Therefore, on average, firms learn from scientists they encounter at conferences, but the substantial heterogeneity of the effect reflects the influence of reputation mechanisms in social interactions
Venture Capital Contracting as Bargaining in the Shadow of Corporate Law Constraints
No full textVenture capital (“VC”) has built a solid reputation for spurring innovation and economic growth, thus emerging as a crown jewel of the U.S. economy since the 1980s. The development of the U.S. VC market has benefited from the enabling nature of U.S. (Delaware) corporate law, which allows parties to devise a complex contractual framework that economists consider the best real-world solution to the market frictions bedeviling the finance of high-tech innovative projects.
The law and finance literature has paid attention to corporate law as one of the determinants of VC investments by examining how variations in shareholder protection shape VC contracting. It has underscored the importance of flexible corporate law to enable the tailor-made arrangements that define VC-backed firms’ unique governance structure. Vice versa, it has also documented anecdotally how mandatory corporate laws can impede the adoption and use of some specific components of the U.S. contractual framework.
This article contributes to this literature, first, by conceptualizing, in a general theoretical framework, the role that flexible or rigid corporate law in action plays in supporting or hindering VC. Second, it identifies the channels through which mandatory corporate law constrains VC contracting. Third, it documents the real-world significance of these phenomena by illustrating how the constraints stemming from the corporate law regimes in force in two European jurisdictions, namely Germany and Italy, impact the transplant of the contractual framework governing VC deals in the U.S