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Introduzione: Il modello dell'Appraisal e la sua traduzione in lingua italiana
No full textComparso agli albori del nuovo millennio, il saggio The Language of Evaluation. Appraisal in English di James Robert Martin e Peter Robert White (2005), di cui si offre qui la traduzione, ha dato un apporto di
grande importanza agli studi linguistici e ha contribuito allo sviluppo del sapere fondamentale della disciplina, introducendo ex novo, o sistematizzando e organizzando in un insieme coerente, alcuni importanti concetti
e categorizzazioni, insieme con i termini specifici utilizzati per designarli. Il modello della codificazione linguistica della valutazione in esso proposto, originariamente basato sulla lingua inglese (come indicato
nel sottotitolo Appraisal in English), ha avuto nell’immediato un notevole impatto nella tradizione anglofona della linguistica, trovando nel tempo applicazioni sempre più diffuse, in alcuni casi sistematiche e
in molti altri casi parziali, essendo limitate ad alcuni concetti o anche soltanto ad alcuni termini (per esempio, Appraisal e stance) che oggi sono ormai divenuti di uso comune in ambito linguistico, non solo in inglese ma anche in altre lingue nella forma di prestiti o calchi
Nuovi modelli celebrativi nel Cinquecento a Venezia: la facciata di San Zulian e i busti-ritratto di Alessandro Vittoria
No full text“Linguaggi scientifici e realtà. La voce del padrone di Stanisław Lem”
Full text linkthe paper reflects on the semiotic ideology of science starting from the novel His Master’s Voice, by Stanisław Lem. Of course, the semiotic ideology of the book is fictional. For this reason, in the paper, it will be considered a dummy semiotic ideology. The author reconstructs the epistemological conflicts between different scientists of his time, such as automata theory, structural linguistics, topology, and psychoanalysis, reflecting on the limitations of science in handling an intentional object such as an alien message and on the difficulties encountered by formal approaches to meaning. The book can be considered a mental experiment and shows how scientific semiotics itself can be considered a semiotic ideology
A Deflationary Account of Information in Terms of Probability
Full text linkIn this paper, I argue that information is nothing more than an abstract object; therefore, it does not exist fundamentally. It is neither a concrete physical entity nor a form of "stuff" that "flows" through communication channels or that is "carried" by vehicles or that is stored in memories, messages, books, or brains-these are misleading metaphors. To support this thesis, I adopt three different approaches. First, I present a series of concrete cases that challenge our commonsensical belief that information is a real entity. Second, I apply Eleaticism (the principle that entities lacking causal efficacy do not exist). Finally, I provide a mathematical derivation showing that information reduces to probability and is therefore unnecessary both ontologically and epistemically. In conclusion, I maintain that information is a causally redundant epistemic construct that does not exist fundamentally, regardless of its remarkable epistemic convenience. What, then, is information? It is merely a very efficient way of describing reality-a manner of speaking, nothing more
Leveraging DEI to foster a sustainable work context: A study on Italian employees
No full textThis study deals with the comprehensive concept of sustainability, which includes the social dimension besides the environmental and governance dimensions. In particular, it examines how organisations approach Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), focusing on the internal levers that support DEI efforts through both symbolic and tangible actions, i.e. diversity communication and diversity-oriented leadership, which can have an impact on creating an inclusive climate and employee engagement, which in turn influences employees’ Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). A research model is used to hypothesise the path from these levers (antecedents) to creating an inclusive climate and employee engagement (mediators), which ultimately impacts employees' OCB (behavioural outcomes). The preliminary results of a survey on a sample of 302 employees in Italy confirm that the antecedent variables have direct and positive associations with the two mediating variables. The two mediating variables also show a direct and positive association with OCB. In addition, the model shows the mediating role of both inclusive climate and employee engagement between diversity communication and OCB and between diversity-oriented leadership and OCB, but with stronger values for employee engagement. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of diversity-driven leadership in fostering DEI-conscious attitudes and behaviours, while promoting a true culture of inclusion. Although less impactful, diversity communication can complement leadership efforts by providing context and relevant information to help employees understand DEI strategy, programmes and the benefits of DEI interventions. This study is a response to the lack of studies on the essential role that diversity-oriented leadership and communication levers within organisations play in planning and executing an effective DEI strategy, looking at both tangible (i.e. diversity-oriented leadership) and symbolic (i.e. diversity communication) dimensions
Innovazione tecnologica e intelligenza artificiale. L'impatto sulla vita quotidiana tra aspettative e timori
Full text linkOriginal Versus Zero-Shot Prompted AI Visuals: Examining Human Feedback to Corporate Sustainability Reporting
No full textAligned with the broad field of Affective Computing
research, this work examines the capacity of Multimodal Large Language Models to elicit attentional patterns and cognitive states in viewers as they engage with visuals related to a specific domain: corporate sustainability reporting. Sustainability reports are documents officially released by companies and organisations to communicate actions to achieve sustainability goals. They are often lengthy documents, which pose challenges in capturing, orienting and retaining stakeholder attention. In
this context, visual elements are commonly used not only to complement textual content but also to act as entry points that guide the
reader’s initial focus and/or to convey information. This study examines the eye movements of 41 observers during a webcam-based eye-tracking session as they view pictures from sustainability reports and their corresponding AI-generated versions with zero-shot prompting. Both visuals (original and AI-generated) are presented in the form of A/B tests. First, images are sourced from publicly available sustainability reports and captioned using Contrastive Language–Image Pretraining, a Vision-Language Model trained on image-text pairs, integrated within GPT-4o. Captions serve as zero-shot prompts provided to DALL-E3 for generating images from text. Perceptual features recorded include Time to First Fixation, Time to First Gaze, average gaze duration, number of fixations, total gaze count, and K-coefficient by looking into two time ranges: [0–3] and [0–10] seconds. Last, Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests are used to assess the statistical significance of similarity and divergence in attention and cognitive dynamics between the two conditions
