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A Study to Assess the Challenges of Healthcare Professionals in Spontaneous Identification of Falsified Drugs: Upgrading Pharmacovigilance in Nigeria
No full textDrug Frauds are on the increase, falsified drugs are giving sleepless nights to both patients, healthcare professionals as well governments of different countries, and thus the regulation prohibiting the sales and production of falsified drugs cannot succeed with any form technological intervention. The study aims to evaluate several criteria that as contributed to the challenges of identifying falsified drugs among healthcare professionals- medical doctors, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals in Nigeria. Through a questionnaire-based survey and phone interview for both the quantitative and qualitative analyses, respectively a review would be done. For this to be achieved the knowledge, awareness, and possible challenges faced by the professionals concerning falsified drug identification were considered to recommend an effective recommendation on different ways to improve such practice of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria. In this thesis all the groups of healthcare professionals a comparison was made to ascertain different opinions on frequency observed on falsified drugs, ways of detecting falsified drugs, the technology used in identifying falsified drugs, as well as regulatory agency responsible for reporting of falsified drugs in Nigeria. A total of 131 responded to the survey of whom 62 (45.80%) were medical doctors and 43 (32.82%) were pharmacists as well as 43 (32.82%) were other healthcare professionals. It was fascinating to see that 62% of the respondents agreed to the fact that they know how to identify falsified drugs (40 medical doctors, others 18, pharmacist 23) while 42%(13 medical doctors, others 17, pharmacist 12) of the respondents did not know. Only 6% of the healthcare professionals (7 medical doctors, 1 pharmacist) are not sure if they can detect fake drugs in Nigeria. From the study conducted it was unfortunate to note that pharmacists had average knowledge, awareness in comparison to a medical doctor who had better awareness of the in identifying fake drugs. However, 95% of all the respondents all agreed that identifying falsified drugs and reporting it should be made compulsory as part of the way of upgrading pharmacovigilance in Nigeria. Some of the challenges that all respondents majorly agreed to are inadequate existing laws, ignorance among healthcare professionals, presence of non-health professionals in the health sector business, high cost of quality drugs,and finally the high level of corruption. All respondents also agreed that continuous learning can create more awareness of the challenges of falsified drugs, including heavy fines and sanctions on defaulters and also creating a special department that would be tasked with the responsibility of monitoring falsified drugs in the market
Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Perspective.
No full textIn this research, it was shown that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be described as a concept in which a company or organisation carries out business activities and makes a profit from a particular locality endeavour to contribute towards the sustenance of the society. The concept as largely misconstrued places more emphasis on the need for companies to interact with the society and create social amenities with or without the active participation of the community for which it is created for in the first place. However, during this research, it was discovered that it should mainly be a tripartite agreement where it would be more efficient where the government and the company should work hand in hand to ensure the initiatives are possible with all socio-political and economic factors available, while the members of the society at best should be able to take over the administration which is essentially aimed at giving the company a good exit strategy. The research showed that there are lapses especially coming down to the fact that (CSR) in a developing country like Nigeria uses frameworks that do not work based on our cultural and social background. This, in turn, led to the initiatives created to either go to waste or is mismanaged based on the fact that the people for which it is created for were either not carried along every step of the way, or did not show a need to participate based on the fact that they were not duly consulted. The findings and discussions carefully layout instances that are not only aimed at making it practiced better in Nigeria but also states recommendations that will make it more attainable in today’s world
To Study the Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) on Online Accommodation Booking Platforms (OABP) in order to Improve the Overall Customer Experience.
No full textNowadays, the reservation of accommodation such as hotels and B&Bs can be made via online booking platform. The online accommodation booking platform (OABP) is gaining popularity since it provides functionality and convenience to the customer. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology in the tourism and hospitality industries, but there is a lack of research into this era such as the effects of VR as a room display tool on OABP. This dissertation investigated the motivation of customers to use 3D VR room tour on OABP and explored the process that VR improves the customer online booking experience and gain the customer confidence in the OABP. Lastly, compare the efficiency between VR and the normal online booking experience of the customer. The current research adopted the extended Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) conceptual framework of the decision�making process to evaluate the VR system implements on OABP. In order to offer a better understanding of the research objectives, this research employed the semi-structured interview and qualitative approach to collect the in-depth opinion of the participants. The interview consisted of eleven participants and separated into two groups in the different perspective section which are OABP customers (guests) and professionals (host/hotelier) The result of this research discussed the issue of inaccurate accommodation room view and the anxiety derived from the unknown accommodation as the reasons for customers to use 3D VR room tour. Therefore, the affective response and cognitive response of customers stimulated by the authentic experience of VR reinforced their trust and confidence to the website then improved their visit intention and purchase decision of the accommodations.However, due to a lack of study regarding using VR on the booking website, and also 3D VR room tour not as a frequent room display tool on OABP, there was still some limitation of sample size in analysing the similarities and differences between the participants
How Manufacturing Industry’s Supply Chain has Impacted During Coving-19 Pandemics (March to June) in Turkish Manufacturing Industry.
No full textThis study aim is determining how the manufacturing industry has been impacted during COVID pandemic (March to June) in Turkey. The Turkish manufacturing industry has significant importance on Turkey’s economy and has been contributing Turkey’s %22 per cent of Gross Domestic Products. (Koç, Şenel and Kaya, 2018) These products have been contributing by 95% of Turkey’s income from exports. According to the latest report of the Turkish Statistics Institute, the Turkish manufacturing industry has experienced a decreasing by 30%, illustrated in Figure 21. (TUIK, 2020) The data collected by interviewing varies industry professionals who are working or has knowledge about supply chain processes as well as have experiences. The data is collected by using “in-depth interview” technique. The interview questions are designed semi-structured to queries. The data were collected from 6 manufacturing companies through online communications tools such as Zoom, Skype. As a result of the interviews, it is determined that the first, Coronavirus pandemic has increased the importance of domestic suppliers because companies have face problems due to regions such as Asian suppliers’ common issue for industries. The second, the products, which have alternative suppliers, have impacted less than other products. The third, the companies, which have a variety of customer ranges (not a single type of product buyers) has affected less than other companies. Besides, the non-compulsory product has faced critically demand to decrease; in contrast, compulsory products have faced with high demand (Automotive pharmacy, hygiene products). This paper has revealed similar results with some other international research companies results
An Analysis Of How Collaboration Between Physicians And Pharmacists Might Facilitate Improved Healthcare In Nigeria.
No full textThe relationship between healthcare professionals impacts the delivery of quality healthcare. Interprofessional collaboration among healthcare workers has been proven repeatedly to increase good clinical outcomes and cause patient satisfaction which is the goal of healthcare. The collaboration between physician and pharmacist is the most impactful of this interprofessional collaboration because physicians come in contact most with patients and as professionals have an in-depth knowledge of the pharmacology and therapeutic effects of medicines. Hence pharmacists can directly influence the health and wellbeing of patients. This research aimed to analyze how the collaboration between physicians and pharmacists might facilitate improved healthcare in Nigeria by seeking the opinion of physicians, pharmacists and patients, identifying factors that may hinder this collaboration and exploring ways of establishing and improving this relationship in a developing country like Nigeria. The methodology employed used a mixed-method questionnaire consisting of both qualitative and quantitative approaches with the aim of getting relevant results that are unbiased. Secondary research indicated that if this collaboration is established and enforced properly, it does facilitate improvement of healthcare. This research was undertaken to confirm or dispute this fact. To this end, 150 questionnaires was sent out to a cohort of respondents consisting of physicians, pharmacists and patients garnering an 80% response rate. The patients responded the most, followed by the pharmacists, then physicians. Community pharmacists showed the most responses confirming the finding from primary research that they are overlooked a lot but have the most interaction with patients. The results also showed that physicians trust pharmacists and acknowledge their contribution to quality healthcare delivery and will therefore welcome the relationship, patients also had more trust in their pharmacists, causing physicians to work with them. Consequently, the government in Nigeria can create accountable care organizations to bridge the gap of information access and confidentiality that hampers the relationship. Such an approach would likely involve the two main bodies governing both professions (the Nigerian Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria) so they can potentially introduce the study of this relationship into the modules of physicians and pharmacists’ education programs to ensure that graduates in these disciplines have an extensive knowledge of this collaboration and ultimately lead to improvement of healthcare in Nigeria
Effective Human Resource Management Practices and its Effects on Affective Commitment.
No full textThis research dissertation was aimed at exploring the concept of Organizational Commitment. Organizational Commitment is an individual employee’s psychological attachment to his/her organization. It can also be identified as a major professional loyalty that the employee feels towards their job. The higher the rate of Organizational Commitment, the more the employee is attached to an organization. Organizational Commitment consists of three components: • Affective Commitment: Can be defined as the emotional attachment an employee feels towards his/her organization. • Continuance Commitment: Can be defined as a derivative of an employee’s assessment of the profits and loss associated with leaving the job e.g. loss of pay, stock options etc. • Normative Commitment: Can be defined as the sense of obligation to remain that an employee feels towards his/her or organization regardless of his/her will to stay. For this research dissertation, we looked into Affective Commitment which is a component of organizational commitment. This research work looked into Human Resource Management practices in organizations in the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh and were trying to understand which human Resource Management practices (stability oriented, rewards oriented, development oriented) yields the most Affective Commitment from employees. Qualitative data was collected from employees that work in the telecommunication industry with a developed Human Resource Management Department through the use of interviews. The philosophy of this research was interpretivist in nature, the data collected was qualitative in nature and inductive and we were trying to explore which out of the three Human Resource Management Practices yield the most Affective Commitment from the perception of employees in a Bangladeshi telecommunication organization
Relationship Between Consumer Behaviour And Branding in Selected Family Businesses in Lagos State.
No full textConsumers are burdened with large quantity of products and brands in the present Nigerian business environment, as result, family businesses are now saddled with the commitment of paying more attention to both consumer behaviour and the brand of their products or services, since branding can significantly increase their market share. This study was aimed at investigative the relationship between branding and consumer behaviour in family businesses. In order to accomplish this aim, the study employed descriptive survey research design which involves the collection of primary data. The primary data were sourced through the administration of online questionnaire to managers of family businesses in Lagos State, and were further analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical method. The study revealed that a significant relationship (p = 0.001) exists between advertisement as a strategy of branding and consumer behaviour in Lagos State; there is a significant relationship (p = 0.03) between brand image of family business and consumer behaviour in Lagos State. Furthermore, brand association of family business in Lagos State significantly (p = 0.014) influence consumer behaviour, while the relationship between brand equity of family business and consumer behaviour in Lagos State was found to be insignificant (p = 0.565). Implying that the investment on the adoption of branding strategies such as advertisement, brand image and brand association by managers of family business may be worthwhile in Lagos State. While on the other hand, in order to enhance brand equity managers of family business in Lagos State need to focus on how to maintain high quality of product and services. The study recommended that future studies should expand the scope of research to regional and national scale, while taking advantage of a lager sample size in order to increase informed decision-making by family business managers
Enhancing pharmacovigilance in Nigeria: Challenges faced by NAFDAC in monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions in Nigeria. Masters thesis
No full textThis study aims at identifying the challenges being faced by NAFDAC in the monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ADRS) and to proffer solutions for the purpose of enhancing pharmacovigilance activities in Nigeria. To achieve this, the study sought to determine if NAFDAC has the capability to monitor and address reported ADR cases, to identify the factors that hinder the effective monitoring of ADRs and to suggest recommendations that can improve the level of ADR monitoring in Nigeria. In conducting this study, the quantitative approach was used. A sample size of 152 was generated and data was collected through the aid of close-ended electronic survey questionnaires. Out of the 152 questionnaires administered to respondents, only 139 was answered and submitted. This shows a response rate of 91%. Descriptive statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyse obtained data and results were presented in frequencies and percentages in tables, pie charts and bar charts. In testing the study’s hypotheses, simple linear regression and Karl Pearson’s correlation were used. Findings from the study revealed that poor and inconsistent training of staff on recent developments in ADR monitoring, neglect of latest technological solutions in the monitoring of ADR, reluctance of most healthcare professionals to report ADR issues and the refusal of drug users to report experienced ADR issues remain the main factors that hinder NAFDAC from effectively carrying out ADR monitoring in the nation. The study recommends that regular trainings where staff’s knowledge are updated with current trends regarding ADR monitoring should be conducted. Also, NAFDAC should adopt the use of latest technological solutions in the monitoring practice of ADRs. Emphasis should be placed on the use of digitised reporting system to make the tracking of ADR cases easier and faster and a well-designed educational program should be implemented to enlighten medical practitioners and users of pharmaceutical products on the need for the reporting of known ADR issues. Effecting these recommendations would improve the level of ADR monitoring in the nation
Exploring the impact of control powers and agency philosophy on the creative identity: an exploratory case study on a Pakistani advertising agency.
No full textCreative advertising is considered as vital ingredient for any advertising agency to sell their services. However, in any advertising agency, the creative department serve as a backbone for campaign or any marketing collateral development. Whereas, the client and account managers are also considered as the key factors in a service-oriented advertising business. This study aims explore the impact of client’s power, account manager’s power and agency’s philosophy over the creative identity of advertising professionals, working in a local Pakistani advertising agency. In the context of understanding the impact of each of these factors over the creative identity, the study sought to explore the experiences of these creatives through the lens of realism and interpretivist approach. For this purpose, a qualitative interview-based study had been conducted with ten creatives of a local Pakistani advertising agency, belonging to different functions. The research revealed that the client has the outmost authority over their marketing collateral, and they influence the operations of agency as account manager represent them, due to their monetary involvement. Whereas, the client’s influences the creative identity in negative manner as through ambiguous or no feedback over an idea. Likewise, the account manager also impacts in negative way due to their attitude towards creative and control over the agency. But on the other hand, agency’s philosophy contributes positively towards the strengthening the creative identity of Pakistani creatives, working in this agency. Moreover, the unrealistic deadlines and Budget constraints are also mentioned as significant factors influencing their identities. This study suggests that creatives should have in person communication with client and account managers along with keeping a written record of conversations for smooth flow of creative process
Nigerian Consumer Behaviour Towards Agricultural Products: A Case Study of Milk
No full textThis research explored the Nigerian consumer behavior towards milk, and the factors that contribute to low consumption of milk was brought to the fore. It is imperative for producers and marketers to have an insight into the behavior of consumers to channel marketing efforts to meet the needs of consumers, for consumer’s satisfaction, benefits to producers, marketers and the economy at large. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence consumer behaviors, the perception of milk and to analyze the effect of advertisement on consumer behavior. Using a qualitative approach and interpretivist paradigm, data was gathered from semistructured interviews conducted on three participants in Nigeria. This data was analyzed using open axial coding where reoccurring themes were identified. Results showed that people were favorably disposed to milk. However, the income of consumers, the price of milk was a major reason for low consumption. Also, poor electricity leading to preservation problem contributed negatively. The perception of milk to be mainly for children, seems to leave out the young adults and the elderly from active interest in milk consumption. Furthermore, deficient advertisement which focuses more on children coupled with government inadequacies in areas of electricity and local production contribute to low consumption. The implication of the research showed the need for functional inclusive advertisements with sufficient information on the benefits of milk, the need for marketers to understand the need of all segments of the population and improved government policies in terms of providing electricity and better preservation options. Further studies need to establish the best means of creating effective inclusive awareness, increased options for food that complements milk and improvement of government policies in terms of electricity and improved local production