Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Piemonte Orientale
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The Utility of Smart Multiple Daily Injection Systems in Intensive Insulin-Treated People With Diabetes: An Italian Expert Consensus
No full textBackground: Smart systems for multiple daily injections (Smart MDI) integrate continuous glucose monitoring, connected insulin pens, smartphone apps, and cloud-based data storage to provide bolus and corrective dose suggestions, reminders/alerts, automatic tracking and sharing of insulin therapy, and glycemic data to users, caregivers, and providers. This is an expert consensus on the clinical value of Smart MDI and critical points for implementation in adults and children/adolescents with diabetes. Methods: A nominal group technique combined with the estimate-talk-estimate approach was employed to achieve consensus among panel members from the Italian Intersociety Technology and Diabetes Study Group with expertise in pediatric and adult diabetes care. Results: The expert consensus indicated that glycemic profiles can be improved by using bolus dose suggestions based on glucose values, planned meals, the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, correction factors, and consideration of insulin-on-board. Automatic remote sharing of patient data on glycemia and insulin therapy allows clinicians to make more appropriate and timely therapeutic recommendations based on objective data. Dose tracking, bolus reminders/alerts, and reduced hypoglycemia and associated anxiety achieved through Smart MDI may improve adherence. Conclusions: Smart MDI can reduce treatment burden while improving the daily experiences and glycemic outcomes for adults and children/adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, high-quality clinical data are lacking, and more evidence is needed to compare the effects of Smart MDI and other advanced insulin delivery systems on glycemic and patient-reported outcomes
Comparative study on procedural law techniques for nature's representation: Court of Justice of the European Union
No full textEufemo di Caria e le isole Satiridi: un singolare racconto di Pausania localizzato in America?
No full textPausania riferisce che un certo Eufemo di Caria navigò attraverso l'Atlantico spinto fuori rotta da venti contrari fino a raggiungere le isole Satiridi, già note al suo equipaggio per i suoi abitanti estremamente ostili che avevano la pelle rossastra e la coda come i satiri. La descrizione del viaggio e degli indigeni incontrati da Eufemo induce a ipotizzare una localizzazione dell'episodio nelle Americhe, in particolare nell'arcipelago delle isole Antille, piuttosto che lungo le coste africane
Bibliometric analysis and trends related to dental tourism: Qualitative, social, economic and ethical implications
No full textThis article delves into the multifaceted realm of dental tourism, scrutinizing patient incentives, economic ramifications, and ethical aspects. An in-depth 2023 analysis discerns research gaps, underscoring the necessity for a more exhaustive investigation to enrich the understanding of the global oral healthcare landscape. Utilizing bibliometric analysis method, the study examines the worldwide trajectory of scientific publications on dental tourism. Employing Scopus, it dissects document types, annual production, authorship, and international collaborations. The results spotlight microvariables derived from Saxena, Deheriya, Datla's macrovariables, unveiling influencers on dental tourism, ranging from social and economic to cultural factors. The study advocates for defined bilateral agreements to ensure quality care and stresses ethical considerations, emphasizing shared standards and legal implications. Economic ramifications, both positive and negative, are discussed, with an expanding global focus on dental tourism evident. In conclusion, the study accentuates micro variables, signaling avenues for future research
Earthworms multi-biomarker approach for ecotoxicological assessment of soils irrigated with reused treated wastewater
No full textWater scarcity for crop production and the need to ensure environmental protection lead to the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation. However, the use of wastewater raises concerns about its quality and related toxicological and ecotoxicological risks. Ecotoxicity tests on soil organisms can offer an integrated assessment of the environmental adverse effects of bioavailable toxic substances in wastewater for irrigation. This work aims to investigate the assessment of ecotoxicity in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater through a multi-biomarker approach in earthworms. In particular, molecular and cellular biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, GSH/GSSG, metallothionein, acethylcholinesterase) were measured, combined with acute and chronic toxicity tests on Eisenia fetida exposed to soil samples from agricultural fields irrigated with treated wastewater. Three experimental fields in Apulia, Italy, were irrigated with varying types of treated wastewater. Acute toxicity tests on Eisenia fetida exposed to the irrigated soils showed no significant mortality in any soils, while chronic toxicity was observed in fields irrigated with secondary-treated wastewater, but not in fields irrigated with tertiary-treated wastewater. Biomarkers indicated reduced lysosomal membrane stability, increased oxidative stress, and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in worms exposed to secondary-treated wastewater. The results showed how the combined use of toxicity assays and biomarker analyses in soil bioindicator organisms allows the toxicity of soils irrigated with treated wastewater to be assessed, in order to provide an integrated measure of chemical pollutants bioavailable and their biological effects
Dalla rivoluzione digitale all’intelligenza artificiale: nuove sfide per la teoria della democrazia e l’integrazione europea
No full textIl volume affronta, in chiave multidisciplinare, la discussione sugli scenari politici, etici, sociali e istituzionali delineati dall’impetuoso avanzamento delle
conoscenze scientifiche e tecnologiche nell’ambito della robotica, della digitalizzazione e dell’intelligenza artificiale. Tali trasformazioni, realizzatesi progressivamente tra gli ultimi decenni del XX secolo e l’inizio del XXI, sono suscettibili di modificare profondamente gli equilibri socioeconomici, le tradizioni culturali e i valori di riferimento consolidati nel Novecento, inteso quale età dell’oro della democrazia nazionale e del tentativo di proiettarne
principi e modelli sul piano sovranazionale, attraverso il processo di integrazione europea. I saggi qui pubblicati affrontano, da un lato, le sfide che la rivoluzione digitale e lo sviluppo dell’intelligenza artificiale rivolgono alla teoria e alla prassi della democrazia, di cui mettono in discussione i metodi e le procedure – per esempio attraverso la raccolta e l’utilizzo sistematico dei dati –, ma anche le basi morali e valoriali, a partire dal concetto stesso di uguaglianza. Dall’altro lato, l’analisi qui proposta si concentra in modo specifico sull’atteggiamento dell’Unione Europea, che da tempo si confronta con le opportunità, le ambiguità e i rischi connessi all’età digitale, sperimentando forme di regolazione sempre più raffinate e culminate nell’iter di adozione dell’AI Act, in corso proprio mentre questo lavoro vede la luce