Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Piemonte Orientale
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On the Edge of Eternity: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
Full text linkNutritional strategies for noninvasively ventilated critically ill patients: results from the NUTRINIV retrospective study
No full textTrained Immunity in Autoimmunity: Friend, Foe, or Therapeutic Target?
No full textFor decades, immunology has followed a clear paradigm: immunological memory resides only within the adaptive immunity, as a unique property of lymphocytes giving the host the ability to recognize specific antigens and offer long-term protection. However, this raises an important question: how valid is this belief in light of new evidence? The discovery of trained immunity shows that innate immune cells can also develop lasting functional changes. This finding prompts a profound reconsideration of the traditional framework. Trained immunity is a functional reprogramming of the innate immune cells driven by long-term epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in enhanced responses upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen or even to unrelated stimuli. The presence of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells already suggested a certain level of specificity in this compartment thanks to the engagement of a PRR by a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing memory-like properties in the responding cell. While such partial specificity can enhance protection, it may also amplify aberrant inflammatory circuits, thereby contributing to the initiation or worsening of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This dual nature of trained immunity raises important questions for the field: is trained immunity ultimately harmful or beneficial in autoimmunity, and can its mechanisms be harnessed therapeutically rather than pathologically? The present Perspective will address these issues by examining recent findings that reveal the specificity, pathogenic potential, and translational opportunities in given examples of autoimmune diseases (ADs)
Professione medica e genere in Italia. Tra femminizazione e diseguaglianze
No full textL’istruzione è uno snodo centrale per la mobilità sociale e l’accesso alle professioni qualificate. Tuttavia, anche in ambiti di alta formazione come quello medico, persistono dinamiche differenziali, basate sul genere, che riflettono una distribuzione non simmetrica delle opportunità. Il volume analizza, in prospettiva interdisciplinare e attraverso dati empirici originali, le scelte di specializzazione e le traiettorie professionali di chi intraprende la formazione medica in Italia. Sono pertanto indagati i meccanismi che influenzano la presenza differenziata di uomini e donne nelle diverse aree specialistiche, mettendo in luce le variabili – individuali, sociali e istituzionali – che orientano i percorsi lungo l’intero arco della formazione e dell’inserimento lavorativo. L’obiettivo è comprendere come si configurano oggi, nel campo medico, le relazioni tra formazione, genere e professione
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix/Gellan Gum Hydrogels Enriched with Spermine for Cardiac Models
No full textEnvironmental sectoral classification and ESG signals: Evidence on the cost of debt from the EU Taxonomy
Full text linkThis study examines how sector-level environmental classifications and firm-level ESG performance jointly influence firms’ financing conditions. While ESG scores capture the sustainability profile of individual firms, the EU Taxonomy provides a credible framework to classify the environmental sustainability of entire economic sectors. Using a sample of 770 European companies between 2007 and 2022, we document that companies operating in environmentally sustainable sectors according to the EU Taxonomy enjoy lower debt costs regardless of their individual environmental performance, proxied by ESG scores. Conversely, firms in the other sectors experience lower debt cost only when they achieve higher environmental scores. These findings highlight the complementary roles of sectoral classification and firm-level signals in influencing creditors’ assessment of environmental risk, and underscore the importance for firms in less sustainable sectors to credibly signal their environmental commitment to improve access to debt finance
Integrating the fundamental of care framework in the undergraduate nursing curriculum: A randomized, controlled, and multicentric study
Full text linkBackground: Fundamentals of Care (FoC) are often perceived as “invisible” and of lesser clinical relevance, especially among nursing students. Evidence on how to integrate the FoC Framework into undergraduate education and assess its impact remains scarce. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of integrating the FoC Framework into a three-year undergraduate nursing curriculum on students’ clinical reasoning, technical and relational competencies and patient-reported experiences of care. Design: Multicentric randomized study following first-year students through their third year. Methods: The experimental group followed an FoC-informed integrated curriculum; the control group the standard one. Assessments included the Triple Jump test and Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Additional data were collected on patient perception and students’ learning approaches. Results: A total of 234 students were enrolled across four universities, with 150 progressing to year two and 79 to year three. The intervention group consistently achieved higher Triple Jump scores in the second and third years (p < .05) and higher Objective Structured Clinical Examination scores across all three years, both pre- and post-placement (p < .05). Relational skills scores were also higher in the third year. No significant differences were found in patient-reported experiences of care or in students’ learning approaches. Conclusions: Integration of the FoC Framework into the curriculum enhanced clinical reasoning and improved early technical and relational performance, although these gains were not reflected patient-reported outcomes. Future studies should consider involving the broader healthcare team to support a more effective and sustained transfer of FoC principles into clinical practice