Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Piemonte Orientale
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Review of searches for vector-like quarks, vector-like leptons, and heavy neutral leptons in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the CMS experiment
No full textThe LHC has provided an unprecedented amount of proton–proton collision data, bringing forth exciting opportunities to address fundamental open questions in particle physics. These questions can potentially be answered by performing searches for very rare processes predicted by models that attempt to extend the standard model of particle physics. The data collected by the CMS experiment in 2015–2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV can be used to test the standard model with high precision and potentially uncover evidence for new particles or interactions. An interesting possibility is the existence of new fermions with masses ranging from the MeV to the TeV scale. Such new particles appear in many possible extensions of the standard model and are well motivated theoretically. New fermions may explain the appearance of three generations of leptons and quarks, the mass hierarchy across these generations, and the nonzero neutrino masses. In this report, the results of searches targeting vector-like quarks, vector-like leptons, and heavy neutral leptons at the CMS experiment are summarized. The complementarity of current searches for each type of new fermion is discussed, and combinations of several searches for vector-like quarks are presented. The discovery potential for some of these searches at the High-Luminosity LHC is also discussed
Search for Nuclear Modifications of B+ Meson Production in p -Pb Collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV
No full textNuclear medium effects on (Formula presented) meson production are studied using the binary-collision scaled cross section ratio between events of different charged-particle multiplicities from proton-lead collisions. Data, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of (Formula presented), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented), were used. The scaling factors in the ratio are determined using a novel approach based on the (Formula presented) cross sections measured in the same events. The scaled ratio for (Formula presented) is consistent with unity for all event multiplicities, putting stringent constraints on nuclear modification for heavy flavor
La separazione dei poteri
No full textScheda breve sulle origini del principio di separazione dei poteri nel pensiero di Montesquieau e sulle sue differenti accezion
Potenzialità transdisciplinari delle pratiche didattiche di teatro in lingua straniera: corpi, relazioni e linguaggio nello spazio-laboratorio.
No full textCome osservato da molt* studios*, la pratica teatrale e performativa permette
all’apprendimento delle lingue straniere di esibire le sue potenzialità inter- e
trans-disciplinari, approfondendole grazie al coinvolgimento ‘olistico’ di tutte le componenti che rendono il linguaggio umano molto più che un semplice strumento comunicativo. Senza la pretesa di essere esaustivo, il contributo intende mettere in luce alcune delle connessioni che vanno al di là della sfera puramente linguistica com’è
comunemente intesa e che intrecciano, ad esempio, oralità e corporeità, oralità e azione, apprendimento e gioco, in tutti i suoi aspetti sia sociali sia individuali, collegati a una dimensione psicologica e affettiva “incorporata”. Se apprendere una lingua straniera significa porsi in una posizione liminale tra identità e alterità, accettare la sfida che pone questo apprendimento deve necessariamente coinvolgere tutta la comunità di pratica rappresentata dalla classe, ivi inclusi i docenti. Ecco perché sperimentare in senso performativo l’apprendimento di una lingua straniera significa anche riconoscere e valorizzare il suo aspetto inter- e trans-disciplinare, che non è accidentale ma sostanziale. Lo spazio della classe e il tempo della lezione ne possono venire trasformati, così come le loro dinamiche consuete
Influence of Sex and 1,25α Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral Entry
No full textSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent that causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) identified in Wuhan, in 2019. Men are more prone to developing severe manifestations than women, suggesting a possible crucial role of sex hormones. 17,beta-Estradiol (E2) and 1,25 alpha dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (calcitriol) act upon gene pathways as immunomodulators in several infectious respiratory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of E2 and calcitriol on the VSV-based pseudovirus SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. We infected Vero E6 cells with the recombinant VSV-based pseudovirus SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV-2 viruses according to the pre-treatment and pre-post-treatment models. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene expression did not change under different treatments. The VSV-based pseudovirus SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significant decrease in the focus-forming unit count in the presence of E2 and calcitriol (either alone or in combination) in the pre-treatment model, while in the pre-post-treatment model, the infection was inhibited only in the presence of E2. Th SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted a decrease in viral titres in the presence of E2 and calcitriol only in the pre-post-treatment model. 17,beta-Estradiol and calcitriol can exert an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infections, demonstrating their protective role against viral infections
Measurement of the W boson decay branching fraction ratio B(W→cq)/B(W→qq ̄′) in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV
No full textThe most precise measurement to date of the [Figure presented] boson hadronic decay branching fraction ratio [Figure presented] is presented. The measurement is based on a sample of proton-proton collision data from the CERN LHC collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018 with an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. The large cross section of top quark-antiquark production at the LHC offers a sizable high-purity sample of [Figure presented] bosons suitable for this measurement. Events with one charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, two tagged as bottom quark jets, are analyzed. Charm jets are tagged using the presence of a muon inside the jet. The result, [Figure presented], is consistent with the standard model prediction and is twice as precise as the current world-average value
The splicing genes SmEa and SmEb regulate plant development during vegetative growth in poplar
No full textBackground: Spliceosomes are large evolutionary conserved ribonucleoprotein complexes containing at their core heptameric rings of Sm (or LSm) proteins and U-rich snRNAs. The role of Sm proteins in animal development is well established, and recent research has begun to link mutations in these genes to growth defects in plants. One of the most studied Sm genes is SmE1/PCP, mutants of which display a temperature-dependent phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: This study provides a first glimpse into the function of a core splicing protein in the regulation of growth in a perennial species. Phylogenetic analysis identified two paralogous SmE genes in poplar, named SmEa and SmEb, that encode identical proteins and are orthologs of SmEs from Arabidopsis, as suggested by Y2H and in vivo experiments. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in hybrid aspen identified a role for SmEs in development in plants grown in an environment simulating seasonal photoperiod and temperature changes. Unlike in Arabidopsis, low temperatures had no or only a very minor effect on the development of sme mutants in aspen. Conclusions: We identified specific aspects of SmE in poplar, highlighting the importance of examining the physiological and evolutionary differences that define this gene family in woody compared to herbaceous plants
Does lifestyle explain the relationship between socioeconomic position and multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases? A mediation analysis applied to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
No full textBackground Multimorbidity is socially patterned, with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) linked to higher risk. We examined whether a Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) mediates the SEP–multimorbidity association and whether pathways differ by sex. Methods We used data from 244 886 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. HLI was derived from smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index and diet. SEP was categorised into low, medium and high-SEP based on education. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least two diseases among cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Logistic regression assessed SEP-HLI association, Cox regression SEP-multimorbidity and HLI-multimorbidity associations. Counterfactual mediation analysis estimated the natural indirect effect (NIE) and pure direct effect (PDE). Analyses were stratified by sex. Results Participants from lower SEP categories were older with worse health outcomes. Women had a healthier lifestyle than men across all SEP levels. In men, the hazard ratio of developing multimorbidity was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.26 to 1.54) for those with low SEP compared with high SEP, in women 1.74 (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.00). Comparing low versus high SEP, PDE for men was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.41), NIE was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.11) (proportion mediated (PM)=29%). In women, PDE was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47 to 1.90), NIE 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.06) (PM=11%). Conclusions Lifestyle behaviours partly mediated the SEP-multimorbidity association, underscoring the need to integrate considerations of socioeconomic disparities into the planning of lifestyle interventions
Oral and craniofacial features associated with Cri du Chat Syndrome: a systematic review
No full textCri du Chat Syndrome (CdCS), resulting from a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive high-pitched cry in infancy, intellectual disability, developmental delays, and specific dysmorphic features. While systemic aspects are well-documented, the oral and craniofacial manifestations present unique challenges for affected individuals and dental practitioners. This review synthesizes findings from selected literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the craniofacial morphology, dental anomalies, oral pathologies, and dental management strategies pertinent to individuals with CdCS. Key findings include a high prevalence of mandibular retrognathism, high-arched palate, anterior open bite, perioral muscle hypotonia, specific dental anomalies such as enamel hypoplasia, and significant challenges in behavior management during dental treatment. Understanding these features is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic dental care plans, improving the oral health-related quality of life for patients with CdCS within a necessary multidisciplinary framework. The current literature is poor of information regarding oral health findings in patients affected by CdCS. The aim of the present systematic review was to review the literature about oral and craniofacial manifestations associated with CdCS
