Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università degli Studi di Foggia
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Advancing multidisciplinary management of pediatric hyperinflammatory disorders
No full textPediatric hyperinflammatory diseases, including Still's disease, Kawasaki disease (KD), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and recurrent pericarditis (RP), represent a spectrum of conditions characterized by immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Each disorder exhibits distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features, yet their overlapping presentations often pose diagnostic challenges. Early and accurate differentiation is critical to mitigate complications such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), coronary artery aneurysms, and myocardial dysfunction. This narrative review explores the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and management of these conditions, emphasizing the utility of advanced biomarkers, imaging modalities, and genetic testing. For Still's disease, the review highlights the transformative role of biologic therapies targeting IL-1 and IL-6 in reducing systemic inflammation and improving outcomes. In KD, timely administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and combination with high-dose steroids in high-risk patients is pivotal for preventing coronary complications. MIS-C, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, requires tailored immunomodulatory approaches, including corticosteroids and biologics, to address severe hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement. RP management prioritizes NSAIDs, colchicine, and IL-1 inhibitors to reduce recurrence and corticosteroid dependence. The review advocates for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating standardized diagnostic algorithms and disease-specific expertise to optimize patient care. Future research directions include the identification of predictive biomarkers, exploration of novel therapeutic targets, and development of evidence-based treatment protocols to enhance long-term outcomes in pediatric inflammatory diseases
Violenza e genere nella società digitale. Manifestazioni di una tendenza sistemica
No full textThe heartbreaking accounts shared by the women interviewed are proof of the current violent social pressure. Caused by a combination of traditional male chauvinism and male emotional immaturity, such pressure bears testimony to a narcissistic society. The Promethean spirit of modern industrial society is complemented by a radical form of individualism, as well as Dionysian and narcissistic tendencies. This becomes evident not only in the individual’s hedonistic and egocentric behaviour on social media, but also in the unrealistic idea of being able to control both one’s self and the other
(t) Glottaling in East Anglian English: New Phonological Insights
No full textThis paper analyses (t)-glottaling – the replacement of /t/ with the glottal stop [Ɂ] – in
word-final position (e.g. that). This variable has been largely explored in relation to the
following phonological environment, which is commonly divided into three main contexts:
pre-consonantal (e.g. that man), pre-vocalic (e.g. that apple) and pre-pausal (e.g.
what?). However, little research has been carried out on the preceding phonological context.
This paper aims at expanding the usual limited set of constraints employed for (t) by
considering both following and preceding phonological environments. Data was collected
in three East Anglian communities (Colchester, Ipswich, and Norwich) from 36 participants,
stratified by age, social class, and sex. Results show that (a) the preceding phonological
environment plays a remarkable role, with vowels and nasals favouring glottalled
variants, and (b) that (t)-glottaling has nearly completed its social change word-finally in
spontaneous speech
Advanced Operator Theory for Energy Market Trading: A New Framework
No full textThis paper analyzes a parabolic operator (Formula presented.) that generalizes several well-known operators commonly used in financial mathematics. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the Feller semigroup associated with (Formula presented.) and derive its explicit analytical representation. The theoretical framework developed in this study provides a robust foundation for modeling stochastic processes relevant to financial markets. Furthermore, we apply these findings to energy market trading by developing specialized simulation algorithms and forecasting models. These methodologies were tested across all assets comprising the S&P 500 Energy Index, evaluating their predictive accuracy and effectiveness in capturing market dynamics. The empirical analysis demonstrated the practical advantages of employing generalized semigroups in modeling non-Gaussian market behaviors and extreme price fluctuations
Comparative accuracy of ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements for the classification of mental and behavioral disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-controlled field studies
No full textCase-controlled field studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements (ICD-11 CDDR) in the diagnosis of mental disorders, including analyses of diagnostic accuracy. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) of these guidelines compared with those of other diagnostic systems studied by mental health professionals (MHPs) from different regions of the world. A systematic search was conducted in four databases where relevant studies were subjected to explicit eligibility criteria, resulting in 10 included studies and 264 effect sizes. The study characteristics were tabulated, and the findings were synthesized through a series of random-effects meta-analyses. The overall findings indicated that the diagnostic accuracy of MHPs’ clinical judgments with the ICD-11 CDDR was significantly higher than that obtained with the ICD-10 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (ICD-10 CDDG) (Q = 17.35 (1), p < 0.0001). Additional meta-analyses have revealed sources of variation, slight (non-significant) superiority of the ICD-11 CDDR for the diagnosis of mood disorders, and poor performance of all guidelines for the diagnosis of subclinical conditions. The superiority of diagnostic accuracy was supported for MHPs using ICD-11 CDDR. Future ecological implementation research should be able to evaluate these and other indices of clinical utility better. Finally, it is necessary to expand the scope of the training programs for the use of these guidelines in clinical practice
La scuola come laboratorio di pace: comunicazione efficace e trasformazione culturale
No full textIn un'epoca caratterizzata da conflitti internazionali e crescenti tensioni sociali, causate anche del dominante spirito di competitività e dall’individualismo, la scuola emerge come un contesto privilegiato per promuovere la cultura della pace e orientare le nuove generazioni verso un mondo più equo e pacifico. A fronte di ciò, il presente studio indaga il ruolo cruciale della comunicazione efficace ed empatica nelle dinamiche scolastiche, sia tra i docenti che tra i discenti. L'educazione, infatti, oggi non può limitarsi alla trasmissione di contenuti cognitivi, ma deve favorire la costruzione di relazioni significative, insegnando a gestire i conflitti attraverso il dialogo, l'ascolto attivo e il rispetto reciproco. La scuola dovrebbe quindi configurarsi come un autentico laboratorio di pace, in cui la comunicazione affettiva e rispettosa tra adulti e giovani non solo funga da modello per le interazioni quotidiane, ma punti a divenire anche un mezzo per ispirare un futuro libero da violenza e oppressione. Questo articolo si propone di esplorare, attraverso uno studio di natura trasversale, l'impatto sociale di tali dinamiche relazionali per la creazione di un clima di cooperazione e armonia
Exploring emerging psychopathological characteristics and challenges of novel depression subtypes: insights from the literature
No full textBackground: Depression is a widespread global health issue, significantly impacting all areas of life and is a leading cause of disability. Societal changes, including technological and cultural shifts, and the emergence of new psychoactive substances, have influenced how depression manifests, introducing new clinical dimensions and challenges in its understanding and treatment. Summary: This review summarizes from a psychopathological and clinical point of view the most important features related to novel depression subtypes, specifically: I) Early-onset depression; II) Depression and social disconnection; III) Depression and Alcohol/Substance Use Disorder; IV) Depression and Gender Dysphoria; V) Depression, stressful events, and other environmental factors. For each domain, the available research evidence is summarized, starting from theoretical contributions to the relevant psychopathological descriptors with special attention to issues relevant for the clinical practice. Key messages: Overall, the phenomenology of depression is currently enriched by new symptomatology entities, including the dimensions of boredom, shame, fatigue, alexithymia, and emotional dysregulation. Those symptoms prevail in different novel subtypes of depression deserving in the clinical practice special attention and focused interventions
Which Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance Among Those Proposed in the Literature Better Predicts the Presence of Non-Metastatic Bladder Cancer?
No full textBackground: Recent evidence has shown that insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, predicts bladder cancer (BC) presence. However, the best surrogate marker of IR in predicting BC is still unclear. This study examined the relationships among ten surrogate markers of IR and the presence of BC. Methods: Data from 209 patients admitted to two urology departments from September 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Individuals (median age 70 years) were divided into two groups (123 and 86 patients, respectively) based on the presence/absence after cystoscopy/TURB of non-metastatic BC. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between groups, and the following IR parameters: Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, TyG-BMI, HOMA-IR HOMAB, MetS-IR, Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator, Disposition Index, non-HDL/HDL, TG/HDL-C ratio and Lipoprotein Combine Index. Stepwise logistic regressions were carried out to evaluate the significant predictions and LASSO regression to confirm any significant variable(s). The predictive value of the index test for coexistent BC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results: The univariate analysis revealed that the TyG index and MetS-IR were associated with the BC presence. Specifically, the associations of the TyG index and MetS-IR were more significant in participants =/> 65 years old. In multivariate analysis, the stepwise logistic regression, evaluating the most representative variables at univariate analysis, revealed a prediction of BC by only TyG index (OR 2.51, p = 0.012), confirmed by LASSO regression, with an OR of 3.13, p = 0.004). Assessing the diagnostic reliability of TyG, it showed an interesting predictive value for the existence of BC (AUC = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.68, cut-off 8.50). Additionally, a restricted cubic spline model to fit the dose-response relationship between the values of the index text (TyG) and the BC evidenced the presence of a non-linear association, with a high predictive value of the first knot, corresponding to its 10th percentile. The decision curve analysis confirmed that the model (TyG) has utility in supporting clinical decisions. Conclusions: Compared to other surrogate markers of IR, the TyG index is effective in identifying individuals at risk for BC. A TyG threshold of 8.5 was highly sensitive for detecting BC subjects and may be suitable as an auxiliary diagnostic criterion for BC in adults, mainly if less than 65 years old
Risorse open access per lo studio delle dinamiche spaziali dei paesaggi culturali agricoli e rurali attraverso i cambiamenti nell’uso del suolo. Un’applicazione alla Puglia. Open Access Resources for the Study of the Spatial Dynamics of Cultural Agricultural and Rural Landscapes Through Land Use Changes. An Application to Apulia Region
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