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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF OILS FROM SOME SELECTED SUDANESE MEDICINAL PLANTS
Get PDFالصراصير (Periplaneta Americana) هي أكثر الآفات الحشرية غير القاضمة البغيضة وفرة في المباني السكنية والمستشفيات والداخليات والمطاعم. و تعتبر الصراصير من بين أكثر المخلوقات الطبيعية قابلية للتكيف وقد عاشت على هذا الكوكب منذ ما لا يقل عن 250 مليون عام مما قد يشكل مشاكل صحية خطيرة في العديد من البلدان بما فيها السودان. ميلها للتدمير ونشر الأمراض و الكائنات المسببة للأمراض أكسبها كراهية الناس و لذلك فإن البحث عن عوامل طاردة واحدة من الطرق الفعالة للسيطرة على هذه الحشرات. هدفت الدراسة أولاً تحديد الخواص الفيزيوكيميائية لزيوت البذور الثلاثة: بذور الريحان A) )، بذور التبلدي B))، بذور المورينقا اوليفيرا C) ). بعد ذلك تحديد التركيب الكيميائي للزيوت الطيارة من اثنين من النباتات الطبية وهما الريحان D)) و السعدة E))، لاحقاً تقييم الزيوت (المتطايرة والثابتة) في تركيبة فعالة ضد طارد الصراصير. وأخيرا صياغة طارد حشري طبيعي من الزيوت. بالإضافة إلى اقتراح التطبيقات الصناعية المحتملة للزيوت. تم تقطير الزيوت الطيارة عن طريق التقطير بالبخار، في حين تم الحصول على زيوت البذور عن طريق طرق الاستخلاص بالسوكسليت. تم استخدام جهاز كروماتوجرافيا الغاز- مطياف الكتلة (GC-MS) لتحليل التركيبات الكيميائية للزيوت الأساسية وتركيبات الأحماض الدهنية من زيوت البذور. كما تم تقييم الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للزيوت من خلال الطرق القياسية المعترف بها. اختبار Ebeling Choice-Box مع بعض التعديلات البسيطة استخدم في اختبارالطارد. وجد ان نسبة الدهون 18.01 ٪ ، 33.83 ٪ و 42.87 ٪ ل (A) و (B) و (C) علي التوالي. بينما كان محتوى الزيوت الطيارة 0.78 ٪ و 0.73 ٪ ، تقريباً تم اكتشاف واحد وأربعين وأربعة وأربعين مركب في الزيوت الطيارة. المكونات الغالبة منها هي سينامات الميثيل (25.32 %) و (-)- ايزولينوفيلول (7.63%) لكل من (D) و (E) علي التوالي.اللون الأصفر الشاحب مع رائحة الكافور و اللون الأصفر المحمر مع رائحة مميزة واللون الأصفر الذهبي مع الرائحة المميزة تم استخراجها من بذور (A) و (B) و (C). الزيوت الثابتة التي تم الحصول عليها لها الخصائص التالية: نقطة التجمد -2 و -14 و 0، درجة مئوية و نقطة انصهار 5 ، 8 و 21 درجة مئوية، و نقطة الغليان 215 و 227 و 225 درجة مئوية و معامل الانكسار (25 درجة مئوية) 1.485 و 1.436 و 1.447، و قيمة اليود و 108.6 و 98.3 و 96.6 جم / 100 غرام من الزيت ؛ و قيمة البيروكسيد 4.6 و 4.3 و 7.6 ميلمكافئO2 / كغ من الزيت ؛ الأحماض الدهنية الحرة 0.20 و 0.34 و 0.07 ٪ ؛ و قيمة الحمض 4.0 و 6.8 و 1.4 ملغ من KOH / جم من الزيت ؛ وقيمة التصبن 164.2 و 180.7 و 185.2 ملغ KOH / جم من الزيت ؛ و المواد غير القابلة للتصبن 1.6 و 1.7 و 3.2 ؛ و الرطوبة وقيمة التطاير4.97 و 14.79 و 4.91 (بالوزن) ؛ و الكثافة 0.914 و 0.867 و 0.900 جم / سم 3 ؛ و اللزوجة 10.29 و 35.03 و 60.99 مم 2 / ثانية ؛ و الثقل النوعي 0.921 و 0.874 و 0.907 ؛ الأحماض الدهنية الرئيسية لينولينيك (43.92 ٪) ، أوليك (51.74 ٪) وحمض اللينوليك (30.63 ٪)) ، على التوالي. في اختبار الفحص الحيوي ، يزداد طرد الزيوت للصراصير مع زيادة تركيز الزيت (يعتمد على تركيز الزيت) وكانت قيم IC50 و IC90 6.0% و 14.2% علي التوالي لتركيبة الزيت. في الختام أظهرت هذه الدراسة نتائج واعدة للزيت العطري باعتباره طاردًا للصراصير الأمريكية. و بالتالي تستدعي إجراء المزيد من الدراسة لتحديد المركبات النشطة حيوياً
Translation of Important Chapters of Scientific Magazine ON Monotheism and Sufism
Get PDFThis book comprises chapters about Monotheism and Sufism by Sheikh At-Tahir Muhammad Suleiman, may Allah have mercy on him.
The researcher has selected the following chapters which he deemed are the ones that are specially needed by every Muslim, to translate into English as a partial requirement of the Master of Translation.
• The Attributes of Allah.
• Evidences and proofs to the Attributes
• The Messengers of Allah (peace and blessings be upon them).
• The Evidences to the Necessary Characteristics of Messengers
• The Signs of the Hour
• Narrational Beliefs (Sam‘iyāt
Assessment of the Self-medication with antibiotics behaviors At Khartoum Locality, Sudan,2021.
Get PDFالخلفية: العلاج الذاتي هو أحد أشكال الاستخدام غير رشيد للمضادات الحيوية. المضادات الحيوية هي أكثر العقاقير التي يتم استخامها للعلاج ذاتي في العديد من أنحاء العالم . يتم الحصول على معظم المضادات الحيوية الفموية المستخدمة في جميع أنحاء العالم بدون وصفة طبية.
الأهداف: لتقييم العلاج الذاتي والمعرفة السودانين تجاه فاعلية المضادات الحيوية ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية و سلوكيات المشتركين اتجاه استحدام المضادات الحيوية.
الطريقة: في هذه الدراسة الوصفية والمقطعية ، تم جمع البيانات بشكل عشوائي من خلال المقابلات وجهًا لوجه باستخدام الاستبيان. أجريت هذه الدراسة بمحلية الخرطوم في 3 صيدليات تم الوصول اليها ، تم جمع البيانات عن الخصائص الاجتماعية ، والتزام المشاركين وموقفهم تجاه ممارسة العلاج الذاتي بالمضادات الحيوية ، ومعرفة المشاركين تجاه فعالية المضادات الحيوية ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج SPSS و و برنامج مايكروسفت اكسل, و كانت القيمة (p > 0.05)
النتائج: من بين 50 من المشاركين ، (50٪) من المشتركين الذكور قالو أنهم استخدموا العلاج الذاتي بالمضادات الحيوية في اكثر من شهر سابق. 38٪ من المشاركين الذين تزيد أعمارهم عن 40 عامًا استخدموا المضادات الحيوية لعلاج التهاب الحلق وأعراض الأنفلونزا (القيمة الاحتمالية = 0.000). 50٪ من المشاركين الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين (18-30) سنة (القيمة الاحتمالية = 0.000) و 35٪ من الطلاب الجامعيين المشاركين (القيمة الاحتمالية = 0.000) حصلوا على المضادات الحيوية من الصيدليات. فيما يتعلق بمعرفة المشاركين ، (62٪) من الذكور المشاركين قالو أن معلوماتهم ضعيفة عن مقاومة المضادات الحيوية. (80٪) منهم كانوا يعتقدون أن المضادات الحيوية تقتل الفيروسات. علي الرغم من ذلك 60٪ من المستجيبين عرفوا أن الاستخدام غير الحكيم للمضادات الحيوية يؤدي إلى مقاومة مضادات الميكروبات. 52٪ تتراوح أعمارهم بين (31-40) سنة استخدموا وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي كمصدر لمعلوماتهم حول العلاج الذاتي مع المضادات الحيوية ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية (القيمة الاحتمالية = 0.000).
الخلاصة: كشفت النتائج عن مستوى الغير مرضي من المعرفة، واستخدام العلاج الذاتي للمضادات الحيوية ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية. ينتشر الاستخدام غير المناسب للمضادات الحيوية بشكل كبير ، على الرغم من وجود اتجاه إيجابي في المواقف والالتزام في الاستمرار في تناول الجرعة الدوائية في الوقت المحدد يوميًا. 62 ٪ من المشاركين الذكور العاطلين عن العمل أو المتقاعدين عندما شعروا بتحسن توقفوا عن تناول المضادات الحيوية (القيمة الاحتمالية = 0.000). توصي الدراسة بشدة وزارة الصحة بالاعتراف بالحملات التعليمية للجمهور السوداني لأنها مهمة في جوانب مختلفة.
الكلمات الرئيسية: العلاج الذاتي بالمضادات الحيوية ، ومقاومة المضادات الحيوية ، ومستوى المعرفة
المراجعة المشتركة ودورها في الحد من مخاطر المراجعة : دراسة ميدانية على عينة من مكاتب المراجعة الخارجية بولاية الخرطوم
No full textThe problem of the study is the collapse of many economic institutions as a result of errors and fraud in the audit process, which reduced the credibility of the financial statements and financial reports that the institutions publish to users, which led to the filing of many lawsuits and judicial complaints against the auditing offices, and therefore it was necessary to carry out joint audit work. In order to prevent the occurrence of these risks and their catastrophic consequences for the institutions. The study aimed to identify the joint audit and audit risks from a theoretical perspective and to clarify the role of the joint audit in reducing audit risks in general, identifying the role of the joint audit in reducing the risks of discovery, stating the role of the joint audit in reducing the risks of discovery. From the risks of control in auditing and to identify the role of joint audit in reducing the risks inherent in auditing.
The study reached many results, including: adherence to the ethical principles of the audit profession leads to reducing the risks resulting from the weakness of the internal control system, a good understanding of the nature of the work of the audited entity contributes to reducing the risks inherent in the nature of the audit, failure to determine audit fees in a balanced manner between the two audit offices negatively affects on the performance of the auditors.
The researcher recommended several recommendations, including: The necessity of adhering to the ethical principles of the audit profession to reduce audit risks. Continuous training for external auditors so that they acquire the greatest amount of experience so that they can have a good understanding of the nature of the facility's work. Audit offices should clearly define the fee-sharing process so as not to affect the auditors' performance
الوقف والسكت من طريق الشاطبي عند حفص وأثره في التفسير: دراسة وصفية تحليلية
No full textExplanation and knowledge of the narrator and the reader in the Great Qur’an and the difference between them and the knowledge and the Qur'an chain of transmission related to the recitation narrated on the authority of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him. This is all absent and not clear to many people in our Islamic society.
Knowing the endowment of its types, the necessary endowment, the silences and what is related to it in the event that it is a glorious Qur’an, and knowing those places with the connection and the change that occurs to the listener and the interpreter of the change of the truth, the belief or the meaning intended in the Noble Qur’an that is hidden from many people.
This research includes dedicating and clarifying the necessary endowments and silences and its impact on recitation and interpretation to reach the correct understanding of the Holy Qur’an and from it the proper application of the rulings and abstaining from what the Almighty God forbade and following the guidance of the Messenger, peace be upon him, his companions and those who followed them in goodness until the Day of Judgment.
ترجمة الفصل الأول إلى الثالث من كتاب: Never Split The Differences =Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It لا تتنازل أبـــــــداً تفاوض كما لو أن حياتك تعتمد على الأمر الصفحات من ص 8 إلى 91 تأليف: كريس فوس & تاهل راز
No full textThe most important points discussed in the book can be summarized as follows: When Christopher Foss joined the FBI, the traditional way of conducting hostage-release negotiations with the kidnappers and criminals was to engage in an argument with them that ended with one party winning everything it wanted and the other party losing everything, but Christopher has learned, by hard experience, that this is a grave mistake, and that a calm, thoughtful discussion always yields a better result. You might think that successful negotiators are the ones who get angry, threaten, and insist on their demands without giving up an iota of them, but this perception is nothing more than a common mistake. Negotiation should not be considered a challenge between two parties. When you want something from someone, you should not direct a decisive request to him that can only be answered with “yes” or “no”, this is not a sign of strength, but rather a reason to arouse pride and challenge between you and your opponent, some think that the correct method of negotiation It leads the dialogue through a lot of words and strong arguments that deceive the owner of his ability to present and persuade, although the importance of listening to the other party and what he says is never less than the importance of telling him your demands. Contrary to what you think, the real person who controls the course of negotiation is the listener, not the speaker, because whoever speaks necessarily reveals the information, while the listener who knows how to act is the one who can direct the dialogue in his favor. The listener can ask questions and wait for answers as he wants, because the dialogue - apparently - does not revolve around him, and this is a fundamental opportunity to get information that helps you understand the other person more and understand how to give him what he wants. Ask smartly weighted questions to force your opponent to solve your problems. What all these questions accomplish is that they encourage the other person to put their energy and effort into helping you. Plus, she feels like he's in control because he's the one who speaks and tells you what he can do for you. This is the exact opposite of what happens when you make demands. When people feel a lack of control and influence over the other party, they are likely to resort to what psychologists call "hostage behavior. “Negotiations are closely related to psychology, because they revolve around convincing your opponent of a specific idea or demand that you want, and therefore the success or failure in it , depends on how much you understand the human way of thinking and what is on his mind. There are a many psychological tricks that can tip the scales of any bargaining in your favor , and these tricks are particularly suitable for salary negotiations for a job or job opportunity you are applying for. And when you sit down with another person to discuss a deal or a salary for a job, both parties usually lack sufficient information about the expectations and perceptions of the other, you should always resort to determining a flexible category of prices that you can accept for your work, manipulating the thinking of your opponent. By applying the lessons from Never Split The Difference from manipulating an opponent's thinking, exploiting psychology tricks, and more, you may be able to turn any negotiation on your side. It is a skill that will help you fulfill your desires and succeed in your endeavors not only in your business, but in your entire life
فاعلية شبكات التواصل الإجتماعي في تشكيل الرأي العام نحو التغيير السياسي بالسودان 2019-2020م : دراسة وصفية تحليلية بالتطبيق على عينة من مستخدمي فيس بوك
No full textResearch Title: The Role of Social Networks in Shaping Public Opinion to Promote Political Change in Sudan--An Applied Study on Facebook User Samples
Reacher Name: [email protected]
The purpose of this study is to understand the contribution of social media in shaping public opinion, the importance of social media in political change, and the extent to which social media promotes public political participation. The importance of this study lies in drawing people's attention to the importance of social media networks, highlighting the role and influence of public opinion in political events and the role of political change in society.
The research used descriptive analysis methodology to describe and analyze human phenomena in the research community, as well as the methodology of collecting secondary information such as books, references, university papers, articles and related topics. The question of this study is to what extent social networking sites influence the formation of public opinion, what are the main functions of social networking sites, and what is the impact of social networking sites on political direction and public opinion. The sample of the study is a group of media experts and politicians.
The research is divided into four chapters. The first chapter involves the methodological framework of the research, the second chapter discusses public opinion and political change, the third chapter involves social networking sites and the formation of public opinion, and the fourth chapter involves field research.
The study has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are
1. Contribution of social media to influencing public opinion
2. Social networking sites are one of the important tools for revolution
3. Facebook is the most website dealing with the political issues.
The research recommended some suggestions, the most important of which are
1. Paying attention to social networks because they have a great influence on public opinion
2. Censoring the political news on social media.
3. The researcher suggested that political scientists make the best use of Facebook's potential to understand the public's views on political issues
الناســــخ والمنســــوخ و أثــــره في الإختــــلاف في التفسيــــرـ دراسة تحليلية : من الآية الأولى من سورة التوبة – إلى- الآية الرابعة من سورة هود - من خلال كتاب نواسخ القرآن لابن الجوزي
No full textThis study is titled : the Abrogator and Abrogated and its Effect in the difformity in construbility – (Analysing Study of the first verse of Surat al-Tawbah to the fourth verse of Surat Hud through Abrogations of the glorious Quran by Ibn Al-Jawzi) . The problem of the study, affirmation of abrogation in some verses and negating it in other verses which said they are abrogated in the mentioned book. The aim of study introducing Ibn Aljawzi and his mentioned book . The researcher followed:The induction method in collecting the verses which are said to be abrogated in Surat Al-Tawbah,Yunus and Hud which are mentiond in Ibn Aljawzi’s book and other books . The descriptive method in describing Ibn Aljawzi’s method and his weightings . The comparativist method in comparing the opinions of the scholars of explanation and abrogations of the glorious Qur’an beside sayings of the scholars of abrogations concerning the mentioned verses . The analysing method in analysing the the opinions and sayings of the scholar in weightings and extracting the implication that affected the differences concerning the mentioned verses . The Analysing method in analysing the opinions and sayings of the scolars in weightings and extracting the implications that affected the differences concerning the mentioned verses .
The researcher gave interpretations of all the scolars except the companions of the Prophet (Prayes and Peace be upon Him), their followers, the four famous Islam imams and the collectors of other Sunnah books. The research is divided into four chapters : First chapter:The basics of the research.Second chapter: Definition of abrogation and its terms, beside introducing Ibn Aljawzi and his book. The third chapter : Variations in the abrogator and abrogated in the glorious Qur’an and its effects in the explanations of the verses of Surat Al-Tawbah (9 verses). Fourth chapter : Variations in the abrogator and abrogated in the glorious Qur’an and its effects in the explanations of the verses of Surats Yunus and Hud (10 verses,6 in Yunus and 4 in Hud). The conclusions of the research : All the verses in Surats Al-Tawba, Yunus and Hud which are said to be abrogated are precise and not abrogated. The study found 50 effects from the effects that were caused by the differences in the explanation. The Recommendation of study : It is very important to pay attention to the abrogator and abrogated in the glorious Qur’an and we should continue our researches in its topics
الحقوق الاجتماعية للمرأة في المواثيق الدولية وآليات حمايتها :دراسة مقارنة مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون السوري
No full textThis study came out about women rights and the protection mechanisms on the international and regional levels ،this rights includes national protection that is represented by domestic laws of countries، and the international protection represented by declarations and conventions in five chapters were divided into several studies besides results and recommendations ، the research was based on 230 references .
The researcher showed in the introductory chapter ،reasons of choosing the subject and the problem of the research ، which is represented in spite of this declarations of the women right still affected to infraction ،indicating the importance of this research in a world that the women suffer of injustice and unfairness، so the chapter issued several problems and assumptions ،the research has contributed human thinking in comparison to previous similar studies .
The second chapter includes 5 studies we took it through stages of women’s development throughout history starting with the Pharaohs، Greeks and pre-Islamic Arabs then Islam، and lastly women’s position after the emergence of international organization ، especially the UN.
The third chapter includes three studies ، The researcher discussed the social rights in worldwide organization of human rights ، were the universal declaration of human rights has begun in the twenty century best texts indicates these rights ، because it treats all right in complete form ، it was not limited to civil and political right ،but it addressed social، economic and cultural right in addition to women right that has emereged as the biggest challenge in this field ،and The researcher also discussed the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and other conventions، explaining the deficiencies that are represented in the texts of these charters related to consent to marriage and setting a minimum age for marriage.
Moreover we also discussed in the same chapter the status of the women in Syrian law ، which was expanded after amending the personal status law ، in women protection area ، even though its insufficient texts to give her adequate protection ، for example leaving the assessment of the reasons for the permissibility of marriage below the legally specified age to the judger، which may leave The door open in front of the minors to marriage، which does not fulfill the purpose required of the text of the article concerned with setting a minimum age for marriage، but on the other hand، we find that the permanent constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic has guaranteed citizens full equality in rights and duties، without discrimination on the basis of sex.
The fourth chapter also includes five studies ، The researcher explained the status of women social life in Islam ، so we showed how the Islam honored women before her birth ،as a kid ، wife and divorced mother ،with paying attention to her quality and the difference between females and males throughout Islamic law ، and we explained the concept gender equality ، with committing the difference between both.
The fifth chapter falls into 3 studies The researcher explained the various mechanisms approved by international، regional، national and conventions، and showed the extent of their contribution to highlighting، achieving and protecting women's rights established in international covenants، and among these mechanisms are the Human Rights Council، delegated women committee ،according to CEDAW convention، and the committee of experts under the civil ، political convention، European commission and African commission of human rights.
There is a huge part for organization in detection of violence of women ، and working for protect them.
The researcher showed the mechanisms of protection in Syrian law starting from constitutional law and other national laws ،to the local judgment ، in addition to international convention which were approved by Syrian government .
The research reached to massive results ، which are proceeding the Islamic law in committing women rights and equaling to men، knowing the difference between them، which caused in differentiating some of the law ، we indicated to the importance of Islamic view to the women in CEDAW convention .
Also The researcher suggested some recommendations which are strengthening the national role to protect women rights ، taking care of rural women ، increasing the knowledge of these laws and giving her financial support .
In the Islamic and Arabic level ، it must be importance of impressing herself throughout these mechanisms in Islamic world conference league of Arabian countries and supporting her in all of that
الاتجاهات الحديثة للمراجعة الداخلية ودورها في دعم الميزة التنافسية : دراسة ميدانية على عينة من المصارف السودانية
No full textThe research dealt with the role of recent trends of internal auditing in supporting competitive advantage. The research problem was to answer the main question: Is there a relationship between recent trends of internal auditing and competitive advantage. The importance of the research lies in clarifying the importance of applying the recent trends of auditors and benefiting from them in improving the level of expansion in the provision of non-compulsory information in a way that is reflected in achieving competitive advantage. This research aims to study the relationship between recent trends of internal auditing and achieving competitive advantage in Sudanese banks. The research followed the descriptive analytical approach by describing the phenomenon of the study and collecting and analyzing data to reach scientific results.The research reached several results, most notably the existence of a direct statistically significant relationship between the governance role of internal audit and support for competitive advantage. The existence of a direct statistically significant relationship between the advisory role of internal audit and support for competitive advantage. Internal audit is one of the mechanisms for applying governance in banks. The study recommended several recommendations, most notably the necessity of appointing experienced internal auditors to ensure support for competitive advantage.Updating the laws related to governance in the Sudanese banking sector according to global developments. Allocating a distinguished site for the internal audit that supports its independence without the interference of the Board of Directors in managing its tasks