BraVo (Høgskulen i Volda)
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Menneske med psykisk utviklingshindring og angst. Korleis kan brukarmedverknad og empowerment nyttast i arbeid mot angst hjå personar med psykisk utviklingshindring?
Get PDFBacheloroppgåva undersøkjer korleis ein kan bruke sosialfaglege tilnærmingar i arbeid med menneske med psykisk utviklingshindringar og angst. Dette er ei dobbeltdiagnose som blir lite lagt vekt på i offentlege debattar og det er viktig med meir fokus på denne psykiske lidinga blant brukargruppa. Personar med psykisk utviklingshindringar er ei gruppe som står i ein avmaktsposisjon og empowerment er ei tilnærming som blir brukt for å komme seg ut av denne situasjonen. Oppgåva undersøkjer brukaren sine moglegheiter til å innverke i si eiga angstbehandling samt korleis ein kan nytte myndiggjering i arbeide mot angsten. Dette er interessant å utforske fordi ein som sosialarbeidarar leggjar vekt på å la brukaren vere ekspert i sitt eige liv og at han/ho skal vere ein deltakar i arbeidet til eit felles mål.
Det er ei teoretisk oppgåve og ved bruk av teoriane om brukarmedverknad og empowerment undersøkjer den korleis desse kjem til syne i ulike angstbehandlingar. Oppgåva tek utgangspunkt i dei ulike angstbehandlingane som blir brukt for denne brukargruppa der eksponeringsterapi, psykoedukasjon og avspenningsøvingar blir lagt mest vekt på. For å kunne bli myndiggjort kjem det fram i oppgåva at brukarane må oppleve kontroll over seg sjølv og angstsympotma. For å kunne oppnå denne kontrollen må hjelparane vere der å regulere kjenslene til brukaren og samarbeide om tiltak for å hindre kognitiv overbelasting.Abstract
This bachelor thesis looks into how one can use psychosocial approaches and treatments when working with people with intellectual disabilities and anxiety. This is a double diagnosis that rarely gets focused on in public debates and it is important to focus on this mental illness in this user group. People with intellectual disabilities is a group of people that struggles with powerlessness and empowerment is an approach that can be used to get out of that situation. This thesis sheds light on the users of health services and their potential for participation and impact on their own case as well as how empowerment can be used to work with anxiety problems. This is interesting because we want as social workers to let the user be an expert in their own lives and be a participant in the work towards a common goal.
It is a theoretical thesis and with use of theories about user participation and empowerment we will look into how these appear in different anxiety treatments. This project is based on the different anxiety treatments that’s being used in this user group and exposure therapy, psychoeducation and relaxation-exercises is the ones that are emphasized. The thesis comes to the conclusion that to become empowered the patients have to experience control over them selves and the anxiety symptoms. And to get this control the professionals have to be there to regulate their emotions and together come up with measures to stop cognitive overload
Characteristics of Patients Reporting Presumed Problematic Drinking Behavior After Gastric Bypass: Exploring Long-Term Data From the BAROBS Study
Get PDFObjective: To explore patients’ long-term experiences with drinking alcohol after Roux-n-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for conceptualizing what may indicate problematic drinking behavior after bariatric surgery. Study Design: Three-center, observational study. Patients: 546 adult patients undergoing RYGB in the period 2003-2009 in Norway. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported data on drinking behavior and experiences related to alcohol collected 10-15 years after surgery. Results: Out of the 959 patients undergoing RYGB in the period, 29 were diseased and 546 participated in this follow-up study (58.7%). Focusing on suspicious changes in drinking behavior, 8.8% reported drinking more, 11.5% consumed alcohol at least twice a week, and 10.6% consumed at a minimum of 6 units of alcohol at a frequency of at least once monthly. The nature of hangovers had changed for about a third of the patients, with 21.6% reporting these to feel weaker or absent. Repeated alcoholic blackouts were reported by 11.9%. A subgroup of the patients were categorized as displaying presumed problematic drinking behavior(PPDB). Among the PPDB-men there was a significant association to having had a fall last year (6 (100.0%) PPDB-patients vs. 30 (29.7%) non-PPDB, p<.001). Among the PPDB-women, there was a significant association to having had alcohol problems prior to surgery (7 (70.0%) PPDB-patients vs. 67 (17.7%) non-PPDB, p<.001). Less significant associations to PPDB reported for explorative purposes were lack of patient education (men) (16 (26.2%) PPDB-patients vs. 8 (61.5%) non-PPDB, p=.014); more than 3 months persistent musculoskeletal pain (women) (45 (15.3%) PPDB-patients vs. 29 (24.6%) non-PPDB, p=.026); subjective problems with memory (women) (58 (20.7%) PPDB-patients vs. 10 (9.1%) non-PPDB, p=.006); and, receiving professional help for mental problems last 12 months (women) (29 (22.7%) PPDB-patients vs. 45 (14.7%) non-PPDB, p=.043). Conclusion: A subset of patients display drinking behaviors that may be consistent with postsurgical alcohol problems. Screening instruments like AUDIT may not be sufficiently specific to capture several risk behaviors occurring after bariatric surgery.publishedVersio
Bærere av håpet. Erfaringskonsulenters bidrag til å redusere stigmaet knyttet til emosjonelt ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse i hjelpeapparatet
Get PDFHver femte person innlagt på psykiatriske behandlingsinstitusjoner lider av emosjonelt ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse (EUPF). En rekke studier har vist at personer med diagnosen EUPF møter stigma i hjelpeapparatet. Vi vet at stigmatisering kan medføre at brukere med diagnosen ikke får hjelp på lik linje med andre brukere, noe som videre kan føre til en forverring av symptomer og reduksjon av håp for bedring. Selv om det finnes mye forskning på stigmaet knyttet til EUPF fortsetter stigmaet å følge diagnosen, og blir sett på som et pågående problem både for mennesker med diagnosen og for tjenesteutøvere som har i oppgave å hjelpe dem.
De siste tiårene har det vært økt fokus på å kunne bruke erfaringskonsulenter i hjelpeapparatet. Erfaringskonsulenter er personer som selv har vært brukere, pasienter eller pårørende innenfor hjelpeapparatet og gjennomgått en bedringsprosess. I denne studien var formålet å undersøke om bruken av erfaringskonsulenter kan bidra til å redusere stigmaet knyttet til EUPF innenfor hjelpeapparatet. Studien var en ren litteraturstudie.
Studien tok først for seg hvilket stigma mennesker med diagnosen EUPF møter i hjelpeapparatet og hvilke konsekvenser det har for brukerne. Her er det verdt å merke seg at personer med EUPF ofte blir ansett som manipulerende fordi mange tjenesteutøvere tolker atferden til personene som bevisste prosesser som er innenfor deres kontroll. I tillegg fant studien at lidelsesuttrykkene kan medføre kraftige motoverføringsreaksjoner hos tjenesteutøvere.
Det ble funnet svært lite forskning på konkrete tiltak for å redusere stigmaet knyttet til EUPF, men flere studier pekte på at økt grad av kunnskap om diagnosen og behandlingen kan være nyttig for å forbedre holdninger hos tjenesteutøvere, og kan bidra til at det blir lettere å se lidelsen for det den er, nemlig sterke følelsesuttrykk for uutholdelig smerte. I tillegg ble det påpekt at konktaktstrategier som består av likeverdighet og samarbeid kan være en lovende strategi.
I undersøkelse av hvilken rolle erfaringskonsulenter har i psykisk helsevern ses rollen som håpsbærer som essensiell. Studien har funnet at bruk av erfaringskonsulenter kan være et tiltak som potensielt har stor nytteverdi i arbeidet med å redusere stigmaet knyttet til diagnosen EUPF i hjelpeapparatet.Abstract
One out of five people admitted to a psychiatric institution suffers from borderline personality disorder (BPD). There is a consistent body of research stating that people with a diagnosis of BPD experience stigma within the mental health systems. We know that stigmatization can lead to clients with the diagnosis not receiving care on an equal footing as other clients, which can further lead to increased symptoms and reduction in hope for improvement. Although the stigma attached to BPD slowly is being addressed, it continues to follow the diagnosis and is considered to be an ongoing problem for both the people with the diagnosis and for the mental health professionals who are tasked with helping them.
In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the use of peer support workers within the mental health services. Peer support workers are people who themselves have personal experience of mental health problems and have gone through a recovery process. The purpose of this study was to examine whether peer support workers could contribute to reducing the stigma attached to BPD within the mental health systems. The study was a literature study.
The study examined what kind of stigma people with a diagnosis of BPD encounter within the mental health services, and what kind of consequences it has for the clients. It is worth noting that people with BPD are often considered as manipulative due to service providers interpreting their behavior as conscious processes that are within their control. In addition, the study found that the symptoms of the disorder could contribute to powerful countertransference reactions in service providers.
Very little research was found on specific measures to reduce the stigma attached to EUPF, although a lot of studies pointed out that increased knowledge of the diagnosis and care could be of benefit to improve attitudes among service providers. This could contribute to seeing the disorder as what it is, namely strong emotional expressions of unbearable pain. In addition, it was pointed out that contact strategies that consist of equality and cooperation could be a promising strategy.
Through examining the role of peer support workers in mental health care, their role as bearers of hope is seen as essential. This study finds that the use of peer support workers can be a measure of potentially great benefit in the work of reducing the stigma attached to BPD within the mental health services
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Get PDFOppgåva har fått tittelen «Fragment av …». Tema er å utforske korleis eg ved bruk av kolteikning og eit ljåblad kan minne om ein del av ein lokal kulturarv. Det handler om ljåsmiing i heimbygda mi Hornindal, om korleis tid og utvikling påverker eksistens, og om noko som gradvis går tapt. Kan episodiske minner, ein bruksgjennstand og praktisk estetisk skaping resultere i ein romleg komposisjon med tittelen «Fragment av …»
Lower secondary students’ encounters with mathematical literacy
Get PDFWorldwide, there has been an increased emphasis on enabling students to recognise the real-world significance of mathematics. Mathematical literacy is a notion used to define the competencies required to meet the demands of life in modern society. In this article, students’ encounters with mathematical literacy are investigated. The data comprises interviews with 22 students and observations of 16 mathematics lessons in three grade 9 classes in Norway. The analysis shows that students’ encounters with mathematical literacy concern specific mathematical topics and contexts from personal and work life. Students’ encounters with ML in school is characterised by an emphasis on developing mathematical knowledge within the school context.publishedVersio
Traumatisert ungdoms sin medbestemmingsrett. Samanhengen mellom traumebevisst omsorg og brukarmedverknad på barnevernsinstitusjon
Get PDFHensikta med denne oppgåva er å skape kunnskap om korleis traumebevisst omsorg og brukarmedverknad påverkar kvarandre. Oppgåva baserar seg på eit empirisk studie og saman med teori og forsking om brukarmedverknad, traume, traumbasert omsorg, regulering, meistring og empowerment knytta i saman med funna. Brukarmedverknad er sentral i det sosial faglege feltet og det er lovfesta at brukara skal ha rett til medverknad i eiga behandling. Traumebevisst omsorg er mykje nytta i arbeid på barnevernsintuisjonar og ein viktig måte å forstå ungdom som har opplevd traume i livet. Dette kan virke som to heilt forskjellige ting, og det er gjort lite forsking på samanhengen mellom dei. Derfor er oppgåva si problemstilling; «Korleis påverkar brukarmedverknad og traumebevvist omsorg kvarandre?»
Studien er eit fenomenologisk case-studie der det er henta inn informasjon frå eit kollektiv i Klokkergårdstiftelsen, gjennom djupneintervju med tre av dei tilsette. Materialet ble analysert gjennom induktiv metode. Brukarmedverknad og traumebevisst omsorg påverkar kvarandre i alle dei fire forskingsspørsmåla som er stilt, men det er ikkje alltid same påverking eller lik mengde. Brukarmedverknad bidreg til å finne ut kva minste inngrepa er for ungdommen og korleis dei oppleva måten utmagringar blir handtert av tilsette. Traumebevisst omsorg påverkar brukarmedverknaden i forhold til korleis ein legg til rette for dette og i møte kjem unge med traume. Utan den eine eller den andre hadde arbeidsmåten på institusjonen sett annleis ut, og dei spelar kvarandre gode og bidrar til eit betre behandlings tilbod på institusjon.Abstract
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to explore knowledge about how trauma informed care and user participation affects one another. The thesis is based on an empirical study, and by discussing the data in light of research focused on user participation, trauma, trauma informed care, regulation and empowerment. User participation is key in social work. It is statutory that all users should be given the option to participate in their own treatment.
Trauma informed care is widely used in child welfare institution and is important way to understand youth who has experienced trauma in their life. These two ideas may not seem to have much in common at first, and there is not much research on the context between the two. The problem statement we have chosen for our theises is “How does user participation and trauma informed care affect one another”?
The research is phenomenological case study where the information is gathered from an institution in Klokkergårdstiftelsen, through depth interviews with three informants. The material has been analyzed through an inductive method. User participation and trauma informed care affect each other in all the research questions who are asked, the affect they have on each other is not always equal or the same quantity. User participation contributes to the knowledge of least intervention for the youth and how they experience how the action is handled. Trauma informed care affects user participation with how the employees arrange user participation and how the meet the youth with trauma. Without each other, had the work methods in institutions been completely different. They strengthen each other and contributes to a better treatment option for the youth
Bandura’s self-efficacy model used to explore participants’ experiences of health, lifestyle, and work after attending a vocational rehabilitation program with lifestyle intervention : a focus group study
Get PDFPurpose: We aimed to use the self-efficacy model to examine the participants’ experience, attitudes, and viewpoints regarding the association between work, health and lifestyle factors that influence work participation after completing a new one-year multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation (VR) programme with a lifestyle intervention for people on or at risk of sick leave due to obesity or obesity-related problems. Materials and Methods: This case study was based on focus group (FG) interviews with 11 previous participants. The interviews were conducted 2 to 4 years after they completed the program, between August and September 2019. The analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-phase reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) approach. Results: The main theme “Work participation enhances quality of life” was prominent and related to mastery experience. Four sub-themes directly and indirectly affect work participation. The first sub-theme is “My attitude to life”, influenced by mastery experiences. Next, “Body size matters”, related to physiological and affective states. “Good physical capacity profit in everyday life” is associated to physiological and affective states, and the last “Support from the surroundings” influenced by vicarious experience and Verbal Persuasion. Conclusion: This study’s main finding highlights how participants value work participation as a meaningful activity that positively influences their work self-efficacy. Future VR programs should pay attention to interventions focusing on the workplace, cognitive approaches to develop skills for coping strategies, lifestyle change purposing BMI reduction, physical activity, and support from the surroundings. Clinical Trials: Technical information about the study on Clinical Trials NCT03286374. Keywords: obesity, self-efficacy, vocational rehabilitation, occupational healthBandura’s self-efficacy model used to explore participants’ experiences of health, lifestyle, and work after attending a vocational rehabilitation program with lifestyle intervention : a focus group studypublishedVersio
The rural Spain as a photographic subject and its contemporary representation: Cristina García Rodero and España oculta (1989)
Get PDFResumen
El presente proyecto plantea un recorrido histórico de la fotografía rural española a lo largo del
siglo XX. Desde Luis Escobar en la década de los 20, pasando por W. Eugene Smith en los 50,
hasta Cristina García Rodero y su España oculta, publicado en 1989 y considerado como uno
de los grandes libros fotográficos del documentalismo español. Esta tesis plantea buscar
aquellos puntos en común en la fotografía rural española, un género menor, pero de gran
repercusión debido a quienes han fotografiado estas áreas del país, el peso de los mitos y
estereotipos en su representación y su importancia cultural y académica en el contexto rural
español actual. A través de un análisis histórico, una entrevista con Cristina García Rodero y
un análisis de contenido respecto a las diferentes fotografías, el principal objetivo es descubrir
cómo se ha representado la realidad rural española a lo largo del siglo pasado y cómo España
oculta consiguió romper, en cierto modo, con una tradición arraigada en la cultura española,
como es el mito de la España negra.Abstract This project presents a historical journey of Spanish rural photography throughout the 20th century. From Luis Escobar in the 20s, through W. Eugene Smith in the 50s, to Cristina García Rodero and her España oculta, published in 1989 and considered as one of the greatest photo books of Spanish documentary photography. This thesis proposes to look for those common traits in Spanish rural photography, a minor genre, but of great repercussion due to those who have photographed these areas of the country, the weight of myths and stereotypes in their representation, and their cultural and academic importance in the current Spanish rural context. Through a historical analysis, an interview with Cristina García Rodero, and a content analysis regarding the different photographs, the main objective is to discover how the Spanish rural reality has been represented throughout the last century and how España oculta managed to break, in a way, with a tradition rooted in Spanish culture, such as the España negra myth.publishedVersionMM
Agent i eget liv. Å mestre en hverdag som mobbeoffer
No full textFormålet med denne oppgaven er å belyse tema rundt mobbing, og om hvordan barn og ungdom som opplever å bli mobbet skal kunne ved hjelp av tilhørighet og mestring bli det Bandura beskriver som agent i eget liv. Oppgavens problemstilling er: Hvordan kan man som sosialarbeider i skolen hjelpe barn og ungdom som blir mobbet med å bli agent i eget liv? For å kunne svare på denne problemstillingen har oppgaven tre forskningsspørsmål som omhandler hvordan tilhørighet kan styrke mestring, hvordan følelsen av mestringsevne kan motvirke mobbing, og hvordan sosialarbeideren møter barn og ungdom som opplever mobbing på en god måte.
Mobbing er et stadig pågående problem i den norske skolen, og konsekvensene mobbing kan ha for de som blir mobbet er mange. Det er derfor viktig å se på hvordan barn og ungdom som blir mobbet kan bli agent i eget liv. Som sosialarbeider er det viktig i samarbeid med andre profesjoner i skolen å skape et trygt og godt skolemiljø der alle elevene føler seg som en del av fellesskapet. Det å føle på tilhørighet kan føre til økt selvverd som igjen kan styrke følelsen av mestringsevne. Å ha sterk følelse av mestringsevne kan gjøre at et barn eller en ungdom kan enklere ta styring over vanskelige situasjoner, og dermed bli agent i eget liv.
Emneord: agent i eget liv, mobbing, tilhørighet, følelse av mestringsevne, sosialarbeiderrollen, skolemiljø, anerkjennelseAbstract
The purpose of this assignment is to shed light on topics around bullying, and how children and adolescents who experience bullying should be able to become agent in their own life, or “human agency” as Bandura calls it, with the help of belongingness and self-efficacy. The problem being discussed is: how can you as a social worker at school help children and adolescents who are bullied become agents in their own life? To be able to answer this problem, the assignment has three research questions that deal with how belonging can strengthen self-efficacy, how self-efficacy can help with preventing bullying, and how the social worker meets children and adolescents who experience bullying in a good way.
Bullying is an ongoing problem in the Norwegian school, and the consequences bullying can have for those who are bullied are many. Because of this, it is important to look at how children and adolescents who are bullied can become agents in their own lives. As a social worker, it is important in collaboration with other professions in school to create a safe and good school environment where all students feel part of the community. Feeling belonging can lead to increased self-esteem, which in turn can strengthen self-efficacy. Having strong self-efficacy can make it easier for a child or adolescent to take control of difficult situations, and thus become an agent in their own life.
Key words: human agency, bullying, belonging, self efficacy, the social workers role, school environment, recognitio
Interprofessional collaboration in reintegration after prison for prisoners with substance abuse issues : a scoping review
Get PDFReintegration after prison for prisoners with interlinked welfare needs has been one of the most challenging issues for decades in the criminal justice system. The WHO and the UN highlight the demand for well-functioning collaboration between professionals and welfare agencies handling these challenges. However, interprofessional collaboration has been an underdeveloped field of research and theory, especially concerning prisoners with substance abuse issues. The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on interprofessional collaboration in reintegration after prison for prisoners with substance abuse issues, particularly identifying factors that influence collaboration. Nineteen included studies from the USA, the U.K., Australia, and Norway show that relational and structural factors influence collaboration and that innovative projects are perceived as improving collaboration. A tentative conceptual model of factors that influence collaboration is presented and may serve as a basis for reflection and further development of a theoretical framework within the field of research. Keywords: interprofessional collaboration, prisoners, prison, reintegration, scoping reviewInterprofessional collaboration in reintegration after prison for prisoners with substance abuse issues : a scoping reviewpublishedVersio