BraVo (Høgskulen i Volda)
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    Pride and Prejudice Retold in the 21st Century: Traces of Austen´s Work in Contemporary Notions of Pride

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    Denne masteroppgaven er relatert til forskningsfeltet intertekstualitet innenfor skriftkulturer, og hvordan mening endres gjennom prosesser som involverer imitasjon og adapsjon, gjennom å studere temaet stolthet (pride). Oppgaven studerer hvordan stolthet er gjenfortalt fra Jane Austens roman Pride and Prejudice (Stolthet og fordom) fra 1813 til to kontekster i det 20. århundre. Studien setter søkelys på ekteskapsplottet i originalteksten, hvor Miss Elizabeth Bennet og Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy må overvinne sin egen stolthet og fordom for å bli gift. Metoden som benyttes i studien er nærlesing, med søkelys på begrepet stolthet, relaterte begrep og fraser, og scener som beskriver stolthet. De to gjenfortellingene som studeres er Eligible av Curtis Sittenfeld (2016), der konteksten er bymiljø i USA, og First impressions av Sarah Price (2014), der konteksten er Amish samfunn i USA. Konteksten i originalteksten, Pride and Prejudice, er det engelske samfunnet rundt Jane Austens levetid (1775-1817), med søkelys på middel- og overklassen. De tre kontekstene i studien varierer når det gjelder sosial kontroll, og jeg argumenterer for at dette skaper ulike oppfatninger av stolthet med tanke på hvordan stolthet blir skapt og sett på. I Pride and Prejudice og First Impressions relaterer oppfatningene seg til kristendom, kjønn og klasse, og det å være stolt fører gjerne til negativ respons. I Eligible er det mindre sosial kontroll, mindre ulikhet og mindre snakk om stolthet. Stolthet fungerer ulikt som spennings- og konfliktskapende plot-enhet i de tre romanene. I Pride and Prejudice og First Impressions er der mer spenning og konflikt enn i Eligible. Disse ulikhetene tilskrives ulike oppfatninger av stolthet og kontekstuelle forskjeller i kvinnerollene til heltinnene, der heltinnen i Eligible tar den mest innflytelsesrike rollen av de tre. Gjenfortellingene framstår som ulike responser til Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, der det finnes spor av arbeidene hennes i tekstene.Abstract This thesis relates to the research field of intertextuality within written cultures and how meaning changes through processes of imitation and adaptation by studying the theme of pride. The thesis studies how pride is retold from Jane Austen´s novel Pride and Prejudice from 1813 into two contexts of the 21st century. The study focuses on the main marriage plot in the source text, where Miss Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy must overcome their pride and prejudice to marry. The method used in the study is close reading, focusing on the term pride, related terms and phrases, and scenes depicting pride. The two retellings studied are Eligible by Curtis Sittenfeld (2016), set in an urban US context and First Impressions by Sarah Price (2014), set in an Amish US context. The context of the source text, Pride and Prejudice, is English society around Jane Austen´s lifetime (1775-1817), focusing on the upper and middle classes. These three contexts differ regarding social control, and I argue that this generates differing notions of pride regarding how pride is generated and viewed. In Pride and Prejudice and First Impressions, notions of pride relate to Christianity, gender, and class, and being proud often evokes negative responses. In Eligible, there is less social control, less inequality, and less talk of pride. Pride functions differently as a tension- and conflict-creating plot device in the three novels. In Pride and Prejudice and First Impressions there is more tension and conflict than in Eligible. I ascribe these differences to notions of pride and contextual differences in the women´s roles of the heroines, where the heroine in Eligible takes on the more empowered role of the three. The retellings appear as different responses to Jane Austen´s Pride and Prejudice, where traces of her work are embedded within the texts

    Instructional feedback to support self-regulated writing in primary school

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    Feedback that enhances self-regulated learning when writing seems to rarely be provided in classrooms to beginner writers, although acting autonomously as a writer is crucial for the pupils’ further literacy development. Effective instructional feedback should be built on dialogues where the teacher supports the pupil(s) in monitoring the text, discussing qualities and weaknesses, and enhancing reflection upon what to do next. Thus, feedback interactions that emphasize pupils’ agency over their own learning processes are valued, more knowledge is needed about how to facilitate such instructional feedback interactions for elementary pupils. Therefore, the current study asks: How do teachers facilitate feedback that promotes self-regulated learning when second graders (7-yearolds) are writing in classrooms? The data consist of a thematic analysis of transcriptions from video recordings (n  =  540  min) of four teachers’ classrooms. The results show that designing instructional feedback interactions that promote self-regulated learning when second graders write are possible when teachers let go of their control, letting the pupils take agency by adopting assessment criteria, monitoring their texts, and expressing self-generated feedback, as well as applying help-seeking strategies while confirmed by their high expecting teachers.publishedVersio

    «Det er greit å vere den du er sjølv». Elever på 6. trinn sin forståelse av romanen Kampen (Eiksund, 2021)

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    Hensikten med denne masteroppgaven er å se på hvordan lesevaner og bruk av strategier i etterkant av lesing kan påvirke elevers forståelse av romanen Kampen. For å finne svar på dette ble empirien generert ved hjelp av spørreskjema og brevmetoden som kvalitative metoder. Utvalget er en klasse på 6. trinn (N = 16), og opplegget med til sammen tre skjema ble gjennomført i plenum. Problemstillingen lyder slik: Hvordan forstår et utvalg elever på 6. trinn romanen Kampen i lys av lesevaner? For å svare på dette har jeg benyttet meg av tre forskningsspørsmål: 1) Hvilket forhold har et utvalg 6. klassinger til fritidslesing? 2) Hvordan forstår et utvalg 6. klassinger romanen? Og 3) Hvilke strategier bruker et utvalg 6. klassinger i etterkant av lesing for å forstå tematikken i romanen? Disse spørsmålene er utgangspunktet for de tre skjemaene, og svarene til elevene forteller noe om hvordan de tolker og forstår romanen. Flere teoretikere og forskere innenfor litteraturforskning har sett på konsekvensene av fritidslesing (Bråten & Brandmo, 2021; Roe, 2020; Stanovich, 2000), og hvordan forkunnskaper kan brukes som støtte inn mot leseforståelse (Bråten, 2007; Claudi, 2013; Gee, 1999; McNamara, 2001; Kinsch, 1998 i Rogne, 2014). Sammenlagt indikerer dette at de elevene som leser mest hjemme kan vise bedre forståelse for innholdet i tekstene de leser og benytter seg av dypere strategier i etterkant av lesingen. For å teste dette ble elevene i drøftingsdelen fordelt i tre ulike grupper basert på lesevaner. Funnene indikerer at teoriene om lesevaner og forkunnskaper også gjelder for utvalget i denne studien. De elevene som leser mest på fritiden er de som også bruker de dype strategiene mest og viser best leseforståelse og evne til å trekke slutninger fra egne forkunnskaper samt å lese mellom linjene.Abstract The purpose of this master’s thesis is to look at how reading habits and the use of strategies post-reading can affect the pupils’ understanding of the novel Kampen. To answer this, the data was generated using questionnaires and the letter-method as qualitative methods. The selection was a class in 6th grade (N = 16), and the classroom project with a total of three questionnaires was carried out in a plenary session. The research question reads as follows: How does a selection of pupils in the 6th grade understand the novel Kampen in light of their reading habits? To answer this, I have applied three sub-questions: 1) What relation does a selection of 6th graders have to leisure reading? 2) How does a selection of 6th graders understand the novel? And 3) Which strategies does a selection of 6th graders use post-reading to understand the theme in the novel? These questions are the basis of the three questionnaires, and the pupils’ answers describe how they interpret and understand the novel. Several theorists and researchers within literature study have studied the consequences of leisure time reading (Bråten & Brandmo, 2021; Roe, 2020; Stanovich, 2000), and how preexisting knowledge can be used as a support towards reading comprehension (Bråten, 2007; Claudi, 2013; Gee, 1999; McNamara, 2001; Kinsch, 1998 i Rogne, 2014). Together, this indicates that the pupils who read the most at home will have the best comprehension to the contents of the texts they read and will use the more in-depth strategies post-reading. To test this, the pupils were in the discussion split into three different groups based on their reading habits. The results indicate that the theories about reading habits and pre-existing knowledge also applies to the selection in this study. Those pupils who read the most in their leisure time are also the ones who use the most in-depth strategies and show the best reading comprehension and ability to draw lines between their own existing knowledge and the text as well as to read between the lines

    Seeking Identity in Diasporic Film in Norway. A Textual Analysis of the TV Series Norsk-ish (2020 NRK) Season One

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    The first and second-generation migrants in Norway now have more opportunities to tell their stories of diasporic experiences in the entertainment industry due to the recent film and television industry's inclusive policies. Fresh perspectives and voices diversify the industry’s cultural landscape, and the filmmakers' bottom-up approach may lessen the stigmatizing portrayals of minorities in the media. In addition to exploring contemporary literature on migrant and diasporic film, both globally and in Norway, this thesis investigates the discourses raised in the fictional series "Norsk-ish" (in English: Norwegian-ish) Season One, which aired on the Norwegian Public Broadcasting Network (NRK) in 2020. The series was co-written and created by two Norwegian artists, Bahareh Badavi and Melike Leblebijioglu, the second generation of migrants in Norway. Semi-structured interviews with them have benefited the exploration of thematic and contextual elements of this research. Using the textual analysis approach within the realm of cultural studies, I have examined how socio-cultural elements in the TV series relate to challenges experienced by migrant communities. In this study, emphasis is placed more on analyzing these cultural aspects rather than film elements. To understand how communities are portrayed and notions of minority and majority identities are depicted through characters' struggles, I closely examine representations of three diasporas: Iranian, Turkish, and Punjabi Indian. As second-generation migrants, Norsk-ish's main characters struggle with traditional values from their parents' homelands and certain cultural aspects of Norwegian society. The diasporic home, however, appears to be significantly more troublesome for them than Norwegian society. The intensification of this approach has sometimes perpetuated previously seen stereotypes of first-generation migrants in the Norwegian media. I argue that due to the series' overemphasis on sympathy for second-generation characters' struggles, the represented diasporas are inadvertently depicted as less sympathetic. Norsk-ish writers disagreed with my argument regarding the negative representation of a particular migrant community, leading to a constructive analytical debate in this study. The series' main strengths include its skillful depiction of characters caught between two cultures and value systems, the diaspora and Norway. Furthermore, it suggests an alternative collective space for second-generation individuals. I propose Norsk-ish as an artistically worthwhile work whose narrative elements significantly contribute to its thematic depth and the portrayal of its discourses' complexities

    Sjangerpedagogikk som metode i skriveopplæringa for elevar i innføringsklasser. Ein forskingsdesign-studie av skriveopplæringa for fleirspråklege elevar i innføringsklasser

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    Denne masteroppgåva søkjer å utforske korleis sjangerpedagogikk kan bli nytta som ein metode i skriveopplæringa for nykomne elevar frå 2. til 7. trinn i innføringsklasser. Prosjektet er inspirert av pedagogisk designforsking. Gjennom denne metoden har eg, saman med ein medstudent, utarbeida og gjennomført eit undervisingsopplegg i to forskjellige innføringsklasser på barneskulen. Formålet med å utvikle eit prosjekt som var sterkt inspirert av pedagogisk designforsking var å utforske korleis ein kan utarbeide forskingsbasert undervising, gjennomføre denne undervisinga og justere element av den. På denne måten har eg utarbeida eit praksis- og profesjonsretta mastergradsprosjekt. Vi gjennomførte undervising, deltakande observasjonar, refleksjonssamtalar og innhenting av elevtekstar, og saman skal desse metodane bidra til å svare på problemstillinga: Korleis fungerer sjangerpedagogikk som metode i skriveopplæringa for nykomne elevar som går i innføringsklasser? Det første av dei tre hovudfunna frå analysen er at elevane viser eit gjennomgåande stort engasjement i undervisinga. Undervisingstimane er prega av ei høg grad av elevaktivitet, og alle elevane som deltok i prosjektet produserte individuelle eventyr. Det andre funnet er at bruken av sjangerpedagogikk i skriveopplæringa opnar for mange moglegheiter for differensiering. Sjølv om strukturen på undervisinga er stram, kan innhaldet og nivået på undervisinga tilpassast til kvar enkelt elev basert på deira forkunnskapar og interesser. Til sist viser analysen at det er forskjellar i bruk av morsmål i ulike klasser, og at det er viktig å finne ein balansegang mellom bruken av morsmål og norsk i undervisinga. Gjennom eit transspråkleg perspektiv på fleirspråklegheit i skriveopplæringa kan ein arbeide med å verdsetje og anerkjenne elevane sine morsmål som ressursar i opplæringa.Abstract This master´s thesis seeks to explore how genre-based pedagogy can be used as a method in writing-instruction for newly arrived pupils in grades 2 through 7 who attend introductory classes. The project is inspired by pedagogical design research. Whilst using this method, I have worked together with another masters´student to design and execute a lesson plan in two different introductory classes on the primary school level. The goal of designing a project inspired by pedagogical design-research was to explore how one can prepare research-based education, execute a lesson plan and how to adjust elements of it. By doing this, I have prepared a practice- and professionally oriented master's degree project. We executed the writing instruction, observations, and reflecting conversations. We also collected the texts that the pupils wrote. Together, all these methods will contribute to answering the research question: How does genre-based pedagogy work as a method in writing instruction for newly arrived pupils in introductory classes? The first result from the analysis is that the pupils show a high level of enthusiasm throughout the week. The lessons are characterized by a high level of pupil activity, and all the pupils wrote individual fairy tales. The second result shows that the use of genre-based pedagogy in writing instruction opens the door to many ways of differentiating the teaching. Even though the structure of the lesson plan is strict, the contents of the plan and the level of the teaching can be differentiated to each pupil based on their prior knowledge and interests. At last, the analysis shows that there are differences in the use of the pupils’ native tongues in different classrooms, and that it is important to find a balance between the use of their native tongues and the use of Norwegian in the teaching. Through a translinguistic perspective on multilingualism in the writing instruction, one can work on acknowledging the pupils’ native tongues as resources in teaching

    Psychodrama & eudaimonic well-being – potentials in playful and aesthetic experiences

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    This article explores how psychodrama might contribute to promote well-being and thus support goal nr. 3 in UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The study utilises a case-study design, examining the individual case study of “Fiona” who was a participant in a non-clinical psychodrama group. Fiona’s experiences from participating in this group are investigated through a thematic based analysis to address the following question: How might engagement in psychodrama practice promote eudaimonic well-being? In this study we broadly define eudaimonic well-being as human flourishing and as a movement towards growth, self-realization, development of one’s best self and meaningful purpose in one’s life. Our inquiry uses the theory-guided dimensions of eudaimonic well-being developed by Carol Ryff as an analytical lens. The results reveal that participating in the psychodrama group supported Fiona’s eudaimonic well-being mostly according to the following dimensions: autonomy, personal growth, positive relations with others, and self-acceptance. When analysing how dimensions of eudaimonic well-being were promoted, we found three main themes: playfulness, visual symbolism and psychodramatic role-playing techniques. The study thus shows that engagement in psychodrama is well suited to nurture human growth and development as an element of promoting good health and well-being.publishedVersio

    Kvalitet og arbeidslivsrelevans i velferdsutdanningane – to sider av det same

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    Stortingsmelding 16 (2020–2021), Utdanning for omstilling, har gitt omgrepet «arbeidslivsrelevans» auka merksemd. I dette essayet vert omgrepet og stortingsmeldinga sett i lys av velferdsutdanningane, og då særleg sosialt arbeid. Søkjelyset vert retta mot den felles interessa og det felles ansvaret som høgare utdanning og yrkesfeltet har for kvalitet i tenestene. Samarbeidet mellom utdanning og yrkesfelt vert sett som ein allianse som søkjer å utvikle ein betre velferdsstat og eit betre samfunn.publishedVersio

    Digital nødundervisning under covid-19-nedstengning: Lærerutdanneres utvikling av profesjonsfaglig digital kompetanse

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    Denne studien handler om hvordan digital nødundervisning og samhandling med studenter under covid-19-nedstengningen har påvirket lærerutdanneres profesjonsfaglige digitale kompetanse. 222 tekstresponser fra en spørreundersøkelse distribuert til lærerutdannere ved 5 grunnskolelærerutdanninger i Norge er analysert. Den tematiske analysen viser at følgende forhold har hatt påvirkning på kompetanseutviklingen: lavere terskel og større verktøykasse, drivkraft for didaktisk refleksjon og digital interaksjon og relasjon. Resultatene fra studien viser at omleggingen fra fysisk til heldigital undervisning utfordret lærerutdanneres undervisningspraksis og profesjonsfaglige syn på undervisning og læring med digital teknologi.publishedVersio

    Profesjonsutøveren i møte med kognitivt svake foreldre og deres barn. En kvalitativ studie om hvordan emosjonell og praktisk omsorgsevne hos kognitivt svake foreldre kan styrkes

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    Studiens overordnede mål har vært å utforske hvordan profesjonsutøverne møter og arbeider med kognitivt svake foreldre og deres barn, og hvordan de kan bidra til foreldrenes evne til tilstrekkelig emosjonell og praktisk omsorg. Kognitive svakheter kan være et tabubelagt og sensitivt tema som kan være vanskelig å snakke om, det kan oppfattes som en negativ stempling av en allerede svært sårbar gruppe. Studien er en beskrivende kvalitativ intervjustudie, med dybdeintervju som metode. Vi ønsket å finne svar på hvordan profesjonsutøverne møter foreldre med kognitive svakheter og deres barn for å bidra til tilstrekkelig omsorgsevne. Mentaliseringevne, forståelse for barns behov og språk er faktorer som kan ha betydning for omsorgsevnen. Økt kompetanse rundt tematikken kan bidra til bedre tilrettelagte hjelpetiltak og større forståelse for hvordan profesjonsutøverne kan møte kognitivt svake foreldre best mulig. For å underbygge dette vil vi se på teori som omhandler emosjonell og praktisk omsorg, relasjonskompetanse og å ta den andres perspektiv, kognitive funksjoner, og foreldrefunksjoner og mentalisering. Empiri hentet vi fra familievernkontor, senter for foreldre og barn og barneverntjenester i Norge. Dybdeintervjuene hjalp oss å komme «tett på» informantene, og sikret oss informantenes subjektive opplevelser, erfaringer og refleksjoner. Den kvalitative analysen av empirien kan gi leseren av studien økt kunnskap om det vi har undersøkt. Funnene viser både fellestrekk og ulikheter mellom instansene. Alle bruker samtalemetodikk og tilpasser måten de kommuniserer på etter kognitiv funksjon, både til foreldrene og barna. Det belyses at barneverntjenesten og, spesielt, senter for foreldre og barn har større muligheter til å tilpasse veiledning og oppfølging. Alle instansene er opptatt av å ta foreldrenes perspektiv, og å skåne barna for skyldfølelse eller informasjon som ikke er adekvat tilpasset. Informantene er enige om at tett oppfølging og praktisk veiledning av kognitivt svake foreldre kan ha god effekt. Studien konkludere med at profesjonsutøverne møter kognitivt svake foreldre på samme måte som de møter andre foreldregrupper. De er opptatt av å vise forståelse og å kunne hjelpe, men påpeker like fullt at de ikke alltid strekker til. Det er vanskelig å konkretisere årsaken til dette, men gjennom studien har vi sett at det kan være behov for arbeidsmetoder spesifikt rettet mot kognitivt svake forelder, og gjerne en annen instans enn barneverntjenesten som kan ta seg av oppfølging.Abstract The main goal of the study has been to explore how professional practitioners meet and work with parents with intellectual disabilities and their children, and how they can contribute to the parents’ ability to sufficient emotional and practical care. Intellectual disabilities can seem like a taboo and a sensitive theme that can be difficult to talk about and it can be perceived as a negative stamping on an already vulnerable group of people. The study is a describing qualitative interview study with in-depth interview as method. We want to find the answer on how professional practitioners meet parents with intellectual disabilities and their children to contribute to sufficient caring ability. Mentalizing ability and understanding children's needs and language can be of great importance of caring ability. Increased competence about the theme can contribute to better tailored assistance measures and a better understanding of how professional practitioners can meet intellectual disabled parents the best possible way. To understate this, we want to have a look at theory regarding emotional and practical caring, relational competence and how to take the others perspective, intellectual functions, and parenting functions and mentalization. Our data material was found from family protection office, center for parents and children and child protecting services in Norway. The in-depth interview helped us to get close to our informants and to secure their subjective experience, knowledge and reflections. The qualitative analysis of our data can give the reader of this study increased knowledge about the theme. Our research shows both commonalities and differences between the agencies. All of the above use conversation methodology and adapt the way they communicate after maturity to both parent and children. It shows that children protecting services and, especially, centers for parents and children have a better opportunity to adapt guidance and follow-up. All agencies are concerned with taking the parents' perspective, and to spare the children guilt and information that is not adequately adapted. Our informants do agree that close monitoring and practical guidance of intellectual disabled parents shows good effect. The study concludes that the professional practitioner meets parents with intellectual disabilities the same way as they meet other parental groups. Professional practitioners are concerned to be understanding and being able to help but they point out equally that it is not always enough. It is difficult to specify the reason for this but throughout the study we have seen that there might be need for working methods that are specifically targeting intellectual disabled parents, and preferably another agency than child protecting services who can take care of the follow-up

    Ut på tur med app: Teknologi i hverdagens bevegelseskultur

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    To go for a hike in the nearby environment is a popular activity within the Norwegian population. Voluntary organizations have for a long period of time taken initiative to place tour books on strategical places in the nearby environment for people to sign their names, so they can be counted for number of hikes, and maybe also compete for a prize. This as an initiative to increase hiking activity for the general population. Recently, there has been a change towards use of mobile phones and apps to register hiking activities. The aim of this study is to explore how new technologies, here exemplified by the app Georeg, influence the hiking experience. The study draws from theories of motivation, such as the self-determination theory (SDT) and with special attention to the term autonomy. A strategic sample of 22 active hikers (81% females, mean age 53) were recruited from the North-western part of Norway. Through semi-structured individual interviews, informants were asked about their hiking habits, their experiences, and their use of Georeg. The analysis identified four overarching themes: 1) from tour book to app, 2) how the app form and regulate, 3) the app creates contradictory feelings, and 4) when technology takes control. The findings illustrate both positive and negative perspectives of using the app, and a clear ambivalence from the informants appears in the material. The article discusses how parts of the app function as “nudging” for activity, but also how dualistic passion threaten participant’s autonomy and how nature can take a backseat to the total experience. We question what task is for the technology to solve, and if the app solely contributes to promote happiness, wellness and increased public health.Ut på tur med app: Teknologi i hverdagens bevegelseskulturpublishedVersio

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    BraVo (Høgskulen i Volda)
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