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Re-Turning the Child in Educational Research Methodology
Get PDFThe methodological approaches we explore in this article are anchored in Manning’s (2016) concept agencement and Barad’s (2014) concept re-turning. By re-turning the soil of our doctoral dissertations (Westgaard Bjelkerud, 2022, Moxnes, 2019) and exploringagencement as a way of activating the child in research, we draw attention to minor issues within the ecologies of research practices. According to Manning the minor works through the major as a force from within, problematizing the major’s standardisations, opening norms and experiences to variations and potentialities. We re-turn our doctoral projects to actualise minor events by discussing the child as knower;childspacesmattering and child-events.Hence proposethe child as political through agencement, and fromthis thinking of the child in research differentlypublishedVersio
Ungdommers møte med Karpe og Omar Sheriff i Oslo Spektrum sommeren 2022
Get PDFKarpes utgivelse Omar Sheriff og konsertene SAS Spektrum tok Norge med storm i 2022. I denne artikkelen undersøkes det hvilke tanker ungdommer fikk etter konserten SAS Spektrum. De seks ungdommene som ble intervjuet i studien, viser at Karpe traff en nerve. Tydelig revet med viser de også evne til å reflektere over møtet med et Karpe-univers der kultur, språk og religion fremstår som komplekse, sammenvevde og dynamiske fenomener. Artikkelen avslutter med et utblikk mot skolen og om hvordan ungdommenes erfaringer med Karpe og SAS Spektrum kan anvendes i en KRLE-didaktisk kontekstpublishedVersio
Pracademic and Customized Learning Design for Executive Education
No full textFor å nå målgruppen voksne studenter med arbeidserfaring som også er i fulltidsarbeid, er det nødvendig at videreutdanningsstudier bygger på et læringsopplegg som både er faglig solid og oppdatert. I våre studieemner legger vi vekt på praksisnærhet, der studentene kan integrere egne erfaringer og praksis i læringsprosessen – en tilnærming vi kaller prakademisk. Videreutdanningsstudier innen organisasjons- og ledelsesfag retter seg mot studenter med erfaringer fra et bredt spekter av virksomheter, utdanninger og opplevelser. Det er avgjørende å legge til rette for at hver students unike læringshistorie kan utnyttes som en styrke ved å knytte teori til deres praksis. I denne artikkelen presenteres erfaringene og læringspunktene knyttet til en betalingsbasert Executive Master of Management ved Handelshøyskolen på OsloMet. Vi fokuserer på hvordan kunnskap om atferd, læringsdesign og fleksibilitet i undervisning kan brukes for å optimalisere og tilrettelegge for maksimalt læringsutbytte. Vi fremhever også viktigheten av en helhetlig og tilpasset utforming av læringsprosessen, med særlig vekt på kombinasjonen av digitale læringsressurser som podkaster og korte presentasjonsvideoer, sammen med synkrone læringsmøter som aktivt kopler fagstoff til praksiserfaringer. Våre erfaringer, sammen med tilbakemeldinger fra studentene, viser at en prakademisk tilnærming med et tilpasset læringsdesign gir et godt læringsutbytte og mulighet for god gjennomføring ved siden av full jobb.publishedVersio
Differences in the experience of cultural ecosystem services in mountain protected areas by clusters of visitors
Get PDFProtected Areas contribute to the conservation of nature with associated cultural ecosystem services (CES) and values, such as recreational and educational opportunities, wildlife observation, scenic beauty, inspiration and sense of belonging. Informed management of Protected Areas needs to consider the distinct use and preferences for CES of different types of visitors to increase opportunities for nature experience while avoiding conflicts with biodiversity conservation. Therefore, it is important to understand the linkages between visitor characteristics and their demand for specific sets of CES, particularly in fragile mountain ecosystems. Here we do so by combining information from individual on-site surveys and participatory mapping of visitors in four European mountain Protected Areas. We analysed visitors’ frequency of use of eight CES and their socio-demographic information, identifying three clusters of visitors. We also assessed the spatial distribution of CES locations used by each visitor cluster. Our results highlight strong differences between clusters both in the most frequently experienced CES and in the spatial location where those CES were experienced. We suggest that a better understanding of visitors regarding the way they experience nature is relevant for the environmental management of mountain Protected Areas and their surroundings.publishedVersio
The role of predation, forestry and productivity in moose harvest at different spatial levels of management units
Get PDFManagement of ungulate populations to the desired density and/or demographic composition are challenged by contrasting aims of different stakeholders. For example, hunters may want to maximize hunting opportunities whereas commercial forest owners may want to minimize moose densities to mitigate browsing damage. In addition, the return of large predators such as wolves Canis lupus affects the possible harvest yield of ungulates and influences the population composition through their selection of specific age classes. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of factors related to the variation in moose Alces alces harvest. We used moose harvest statistics from the period 2012–2020, wolf annual monitoring data, annual brown bear Ursus arctos density, proportion of young forest per management unit, and proportion of agricultural land per management unit (index for productivity and roe deer Capreolus capreolus density) to explain variation in moose harvest across different management units at two spatial levels in two bordering countries, Sweden and Norway. The results showed variable responses in total harvest to changes in wolf territory density both at the regional and local management level. The proportion of young forest was correlated with both increased total harvest and proportion of calves. Increased proportion of agricultural land was linked to both increased total harvest and proportion of calves, likely due to that increased roe deer densities re-directed wolf predation from moose to roe deer, and an inverse relationship with brown bear density. Differences between countries may be due to differences in the management regime of moose, both in an historical and present perspective. Improved monitoring for individual hunting areas over time will be important for both the understanding of how different ungulate populations are affected by various factors and for the desired management of wildlife populations shared across borders.publishedVersio
First photo evidence of Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica Pallas, 1773 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal
No full textFive photographs of Siberian Weasel were captured by camera traps in two locations at an elevation of 2,840-3,200 m. in Gaurishankar Conservation Area. The species was identified based on its uniform yellowish-brown coat, the presence of a black mask that surrounded its eyes and the white chin, which are key characteristics that distinguishes it from other weasel species. This is the first confirmation of the presence of Siberian Weasel in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal. Based on present and previous confirmed records, a distribution map of the species has been updated for Nepal.publishedVersio
Onset and progression of dental erosion in a mouse model
Get PDFObjective: Purpose of this research was to examine the onset, progression and wear rates of dental erosion in an established mouse model.
Material and methods: Dental erosion in mice was experimentally induced, and the acidic effects of cola drink on their teeth after 2, 4 and 6-weeks were closely analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The tooth height and enamel or dentin loss were established.
Results: The dental erosion on the molars showed clear progression from 2 to 6 weeks. By the 2-week mark, a significant portion of enamel was already eroded, revealing the dentin on the lingual cusps. When adjusted for attritional wear, molars exposed to cola for 2 weeks showed a 35% drop in lingual tooth height compared to controls (533 μm vs. 818 μm). At 4 and 6 weeks, the cola-exposed group continued to display decreased lingual tooth heights by 40% (476 μm vs. 799 μm) and 43% (440 μm vs. 767 μm), respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed significant acidic effects of cola drink on mouse molars as early as 2 weeks. These findings highlight the challenge of monitoring dental erosion clinically and underscore the importance of early preventive and intervention measures.publishedVersio
A browsing battle? Beaver foraging patterns, moose density and habitat composition in a boreal landscape
No full textMany mammalian species have considerable influences on their ecosystems. In the Norwegian boreal forest landscape, two animals with a significant impact on the environment are moose (Alces alces) and the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber), who often share similar ecosystems and may compete for the same resources. Nevertheless, the correlations between these two species and habitat composition remain underexplored. We hypothesized that exploitative competition exists between beavers and moose, which would be expressed as a change in their foraging patterns in areas with high moose densities compared to low moose densities.
At a local scale, we monitored available woody vegetation and woody stems cut by beaver foraging at 17 different lodges. For each stem, information on the tree species, the tree size and the distance from the shoreline was noted. We analyzed the probability of a stem being cut by beavers in relation to the distance from the shore, the tree species, and the tree size in areas with high and low moose densities.
The results indicated a negative correlation between the proportion of cut stems, depending on tree species, tree size and distance from the shore, and summer moose densities. The predicted proportion of cut stems was generally higher in areas of low summer moose densities. This was especially the case for small cut stems, birch trees and stems close to the shore, but a similar trend could be seen for large stems, willow trees and stems further from the shore. No correlation was identified between winter moose densities and the predicted proportion of cut stems.
The findings of this study indicate that exploitative competition occurs between beavers and moose during the summer season. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether exploitative competition can fully account for the observed results. The findings indicate a need for further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between beavers, moose, and their ecosystem.
Keywords: Alces alces, boreal forest, Castor fiber, ecosystem engineer, Eurasian beaver, exploitative competition, herbivory, moose, Norwa
Så "lett" og så vanskelig En tematisk analyse av åtte personers erfaringer med å legge til rette for barns medvirkning i barneverntjenestens undersøkelser
Get PDFI denne masteroppgaven har vi undersøkt hvordan de ansatte i kommunalt barnevern erfarer det å ivareta barns medvirkning i undersøkelsesfasen. Over tid har det vært påpekt at det er store mangler i barnevernet, også når det gjelder barns medvirkning. I januar 2023 trådte den nye barnevernsloven i kraft. I denne loven fremkommer barns rett til medvirkning enda tydeligere enn tidligere. Masterprosjektet har hatt følgende problemstilling: Hvilke erfaringer har kontaktpersoner med å legge til rette for barns medvirkning i undersøkelser i barnevernet? Vår forskning har hatt som mål og bidra med økt kunnskap og forståelse om hvordan det kan være å legge til rette for barns medvirkning og hvilke dilemmaer kontaktpersonene må forholde seg til. Problemstillingen har blitt besvart ved bruk av kvalitativ metode i form av åtte, individuelle dybdeintervjuer med strategisk utvalgte intervjupersoner. Vi har analysert og organisert datamaterialet ved bruk av refleksiv tematisk analyse. Følgende analytiske spørsmål har konkretisert og avgrenset oppgaven; Hva beskriver kontaktpersonene at de konkret gjør for å legge til rette for barns medvirkning? Hva beskriver kontaktpersonene at muliggjør barnets medvirkning sett fra deres ståsted? Hva beskriver kontaktpersonene at vanskeliggjør barns medvirkning sett fra deres ståsted? Gjennom analysen fant vi tre hovedtemaer; strukturelle rammebetingelser, medvirkning gjennom en samtale og betydning av relasjonen. Funnene har blitt diskutert i lys av teori om bakkebyråkratene, synet på barnet, medvirkning, opplevelse av sammenheng og makt, samt tidligere forskning som omhandler barnets medvirkning i barnevernet. Vår forskning har vist at det fortsatt er utfordrende å legge til rette for barns medvirkning i undersøkelser. Det er store forskjeller på hva som fremkommer i lovverket knyttet til hvordan medvirkning skal gjennomføres og hvilke muligheter kontaktpersonene har til å legge til rette for dette praksis. I tillegg kan frykten for barnevernet, som både foreldre og barn kan kjenne på, gjøre det hele enda mer komplisert. Vårt prosjekt har vist at medvirkning fortsatt er mer som ett trinn i en stige, enn som en samarbeidene prosess. Prosjektet har vist at de strukturelle rammebetingelsene påvirker kontaktpersonene i stor grad og at det vanskeliggjør barnets medvirkningsmuligheter. Det er behov for mer kunnskap om hvordan hverdagen i barnevernet er, og hva som trengs for at kontaktpersonene skal kunne legge best mulig til rette for barnets medvirkning og faktisk ha mulighet til å jobbe slik lovverket tilsier.In this master`s thesis, we have examined how employees in municipal child welfare experiences safeguarding children`s participation during the investigation phase. Over time, it has been pointed out that there are significant shortcomings in child welfare, especially concerning children`s participation. In January 2023, the new child welfare law came into effect to ensure that the child welfare services better facilitate children`s participation. Our master`s project addresses the following research question: What experiences do caseworkers have with facilitating children`s participation in investigations within child welfare? Our research aims to contribute to increased knowledge and understanding of how to facilitate children`s participation and what dilemmas caseworkers may face in doing so. The research question has been answered using qualitative method in the form of eight individual in- depth interviews with strategically selected interviews. We have analyzed and organized the data material using reflexiv thematic analysis. We have chosen to use the following analytical questions to concretize and guide the study; How do caseworkers describe what they do to facilitate children`s participation? How do caseworkers describe enabling children`s participation from their perspective? How do caseworkers describe the challenges to children`s participation from their perspective? The research question has been analyzed through three themes: structural frameworks, understanding of participation through conversations, and the importance of relationships. Theories on Street-Level Bureaucracy, perspectives of the child, participation, sense of coherence and theories about power have been used as theoretical tools in analysis and discussion. We have also used previous research concerning the child welfare services. Our research has shown that it remains challenging to facilitate children`s participation in investigations. There are significant differences in what is presented in the legislation concerning how participation should be carried out and the opportunities caseworkers have to facilitate participation. In addition, the fear of the child welfare that both parents and children may have complicates the situation even further. Our project has shown that participation is still seen as a step in a staircase and not as a collaborative process. Our research has shown that the structural frameworks influence the caseworkers to such an extent that they make it difficult to enable children`s participation. There is a need for more knowledge about the everyday life in child welfare and what is needed for caseworkers to be able to best facilitate children`s participation and actually have the opportunity to work in accordance with the law
Rethinking connectivity modeling for high-mobility ungulates: insights from a globally endangered equid
Get PDFContext Maintaining connectivity is crucial for wildlife conservation in human-occupied landscapes. Structural connectivity modeling (SCM) attempts to quantify the degree to which physical features facilitate or impede movement of individuals and has been widely used to identify corridors, but its accuracy is rarely validated against empirical data. Objectives We evaluated SCM’s ability to identify suitable habitat and corridors for onagers (Equus hemionus onager) through a comparison with functional connectivity (i.e., actual movement of individuals) using satellite tracking data. Methods We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat and evaluated the ability of three SCM approaches: circuit theory, factorial least cost path, and landscape corridors approaches to identify corridors. The performance of the three SCM approaches was validated against independently collected GPS telemetry data. Results Onagers selected water sources and dense vegetation while avoiding areas grazed intensely by livestock. The three approaches to SCMs identified similar movement corridors, which were interrupted by roads, affecting major high-flow movement corridors. The SCMs overlapped with functional connectivity by about 21%. Conclusion Movement corridors derived from SCMs did not align with the locations or intensity of corridors identified using the functional connectivity model. This finding suggests that SCMs might have a tendency to overestimate landscape resistance in areas with low habitat suitability. Therefore, SCM may not adequately capture individual decisions about habitat selection and movement. To protect corridors linking suitable habitat, data on functional connectivity (i.e., telemetry data) can be coupled with SCM to better understand habitat selection and movements of populations as a consequence of landscape features.publishedVersio