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A narrative review exploring advances in interval training for endurance athletes
Get PDFInterval training is considered an essential training component in endurance athletes. Recently, there has been a focus on optimization of interval training characteristics to sustain a high fraction of maximal oxygen consumption (≥90% VO2max) to improve physiological adaptations and performance. Herein, we present a synopsis of the latest research exploring both acute and chronic studies in endurance athletes. Further, a decision flowchart was created for athletes and coaches to select the most appropriate interval training regime for specific individualized goals.acceptedVersio
Assessing the assessment: exploring Norwegian primary education teachers’ perceptions of national accountability testing
Get PDFSince the beginning of the new millennium, the Norwegian education system has shown a growing inclination towards performance-based management. This mixed-methods study aims to gain a deeper understanding of Norwegian primary school teachers’ perceptions of the implementation and application of the National Quality Assessment System. The results revealed that teachers’ professional agency is influenced by the changes in structure and content driven by performance-based management. The teachers perceived that the national testing process offers valuable insights into students’ performance, but it falls short in providing novel information that could enhance individualized instruction. Significant gender differences were discovered concerning the perceived importance, motivation, and influence of national testing on pupils in the primary school setting. This was evident in both the quantitative and qualitative findings of this study. The findings are discussed in light of current educational practices, existing research, and implications for future directions.publishedVersio
A view of migrant women's “right to the city” through the lens of translocality
Get PDFWith a global commitment to leave no one behind, cities can design and execute programs and plans aimed at enhancing the rights of all to the city. Yet, the vulnerable, including low-income migrants are subject to socioeconomic marginalization. Based on interviews with 38 head porters and their translocal networks, this study examined the influence of translocality on migrant's female head porters' “right to the city” using the Central Business Area of Kumasi as a case study. The paper found that female head porters leveraged their translocal relations to produce and enjoy the benefits of the city. Translocal networks enhanced their right to create and be employed, rights against abuse, civic participation, creation and access to public spaces, and healthy and sustainable urban environment. This is far from exhaustive, but it thus demonstrates how translocal networks enhance access to the “right to the city” among the vulnerable. It is suggested that migrants' fruitful translocal linkages may be further promoted by city authorities as resources for migrants' integration and rights to the city. While this may facilitate synergy effects and collaboration between citizens such as migrants and authorities, it does not exempt city authorities from actively supporting migrants through specifically designed policies and actions.publishedVersio
Recognizing students with intellectual disabilities in higher education
Get PDFAccording to Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), state parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to education. In this paper we focus on access to higher education for persons with intellectual disabilities and the recognition or non-recognition of these persons as students and learners. The year 2024 marks 30 years since the Salamanca Statement was adopted, and the system of inclusive education still faces many challenges. One challenge is that persons with intellectual disabilities have not yet been included in higher education, although they are included in primary and secondary education as students in special needs education. The aim of this article is to identify and discuss possibilities and obstacles that may be arise when granting persons with intellectual disabilities participation in higher education. Based on experiences from a single case study – a pilot project developing a higher education programme in human rights for students with intellectual disabilities – we examine possibilities and obstacles at the institutional level. Using Honneth’s relational theory of recognition, we analyse the results with a focus on what can be learned from this project in regard to welcoming students with intellectual disabilities in higher education.publishedVersio
Probabilifying reflective equilibrium
Get PDFThis paper aims to flesh out the celebrated notion of reflective equilibrium within a probabilistic framework for epistemic rationality. On the account developed here, an agent’s attitudes are in reflective equilibrium when there is a certain sort of harmony between the agent’s credences, on the one hand, and what the agent accepts, on the other hand. Somewhat more precisely, reflective equilibrium is taken to consist in the agent accepting, or being prepared to accept, all and only claims that follow from a maximally comprehensive theory that is more probable than any other such theory. Drawing on previous work, the paper shows that when an agent is in reflective equilibrium in this sense, the set of claims they accept or are prepared to accept is bound to be logically consistent and closed under logical implication. The paper also argues that this account can explain various features of philosophical argumentation in which the notion of reflective equilibrium features centrally, such as the emphasis on evaluating philosophical theories holistically rather than in a piecemeal fashion.publishedVersio
Within-Person Effects of Executive Functioning on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Youth with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Longitudinal Study
Get PDFObjectives
The objective was to disentangle the role of between- and within-person variation in executive functioning (EF) in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms among youth with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Methods
We assessed 85 youth with ADHD, 38 youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and 50 typically developing (TD) youth at baseline (Mage = 11.7 years, 64% males), 2-year follow-up, and 10-year follow-up with neuropsychological tests of EF and anxiety and depressive symptoms scales.
Results
Across groups, depressive symptoms increased with age, whereas anxiety symptoms were stable. Greater within-person improvement in overall EF from baseline to 2-year follow-up predicted reduced anxiety symptoms. Greater within-person improvement in cognitive flexibility predicted reduced depressive symptoms from baseline to 2-year follow-up.
Conclusions
We conclude that improvement in EF skills in youth may lessen the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms over time. Thus, EF could be an intervention target to prevent anxiety and depressive symptoms.publishedVersio
Knowledge, care, and discipline: the Dane Ingeborg Paul-Petersen as a pioneer in women’s swimming coaching
Get PDFDuring the Interwar period, female athletes from Denmark dominatedinternational swimming competitions. It was the first time that the countrydemonstrated sporting success in a core Olympic discipline on the globalsporting level. Most of the Danish swimmers had the same coach, the co-leader of the Institute of Danish Women’s Gymnastics (DKI), Ingeborg Paul-Petersen. Based on archival sources and historical newspaper reports, thispaper shows that Paul-Petersen’s role as an educator in the DKI and her vastexperience in swimming training provided her with the perfect skills andcontext to develop her athletes into elite swimmers. She profited from theunique environment at the DKI that led her to approach coaching as acombination of motherly care for her young athletes and a discipling.However, Paul-Petersen avoided publicity and therefore her extraordinaryachievements remained largely unnoticed until date.publishedVersio
“To make the student exist” – Bilingual Subject Teachers’ Narratives about Multilingualism in Language Support Classes in Norway
Get PDFPublished with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.Bilingual subject instruction, designed to facilitate the acquisition of the Norwegian language, is a support class aimed at immigrant students in primary and lower secondary Norwegian schools. This study delves into the beliefs of two Polish-Norwegian bilingual teachers regarding multilingualism in this instructional context and the factors influencing their decisions on incorporating students’ prior linguistic knowledge. Utilizing a narrative approach, the analysis of interviews reveals that both teachers perceive multilingualism as valuable for learning support and students’ social engagement. Individual variations emerge in how these teachers employ multilingual resources, reflecting a connection between their beliefs, experiences, and reported pedagogical decisions.publishedVersio
Lokal- og kabel-TV i Norge
Get PDFFormålet med denne artikkelen er å finne ut hvordan situasjonen er i dag. Hvilke stasjoner finnes, hva driver de med og hvilken næringsmessig og sosial rolle har de? Det er først og fremst en produksjonsstudie som under-søker de ulike TV-stasjonene og hvilket økonomisk og sysselsettingsmessig omfang bransjen har. På den annen side ser jeg også på hva slags produkter som lages, redaktørenes programfilosofi, sendingenes innhold og hva slags innhold som presenteres. Jeg har også fått tilgang til seerundersøkelser som Mediebedriftenes Landsforening har fått gjennomførtpublishedVersio
Effects of menstrual cycle on hemodynamic and autonomic responses to central hypovolemia
Get PDFBackground: Estrogen and progesterone levels undergo changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Existing literature regarding the effect of menstrual phases on cardiovascular and autonomic regulation during central hypovolemia is contradictory.
Aims and study: This study aims to explore the influence of menstrual phases on cardiovascular and autonomic responses in both resting and during the central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). This is a companion paper, in which data across the menstrual phases from healthy young females, whose results are reported in Shankwar et al. (2023), were further analysed.
Methods: The study protocol consisted of three phases: (1) 30 min of supine rest; (2) 16 min of four LBNP levels; and (3) 5 min of supine recovery. Hemodynamic and autonomic responses (assessed via heart rate variability, HRV) were measured before-, during-, and after-LBNP application using Task Force Monitor® (CNSystems, Graz, Austria). Blood was also collected to measure estrogen and progesterone levels.
Results: In this companion paper, we have exclusively assessed 14 females from the previous study (Shankwar et al., 2023): 8 in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (mean age 23.38 ± 3.58 years, height 166.00 ± 5.78 cm, weight 57.63 ± 5.39 kg and BMI of 20.92 ± 1.96 25 kg/m2) and 6 in the luteal phase (mean age 22.17 ± 1.33 years, height 169.83 ± 5.53 cm, weight 62.00 ± 7.54 kg and BMI of 21.45 ± 2.63 kg/m2). Baseline estrogen levels were significantly different from the follicular phase as compared to the luteal phase: (33.59 pg/ml, 108.02 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). Resting hemodynamic variables showed no difference across the menstrual phases. However, females in the follicular phase showed significantly lower resting values of low-frequency (LF) band power (41.38 ± 11.75 n.u. and 58.47 ± 14.37 n.u., p = 0.01), but higher resting values of high frequency (HF) band power (58.62 ± 11.75 n.u. and 41.53 ± 14.37 n.u., p = 0.01), as compared to females in the luteal phase. During hypovolemia, the LF and HF band powers changed only in the follicular phase F(1, 7) = 77.34, p < 0.0001 and F(1, 7) = 520.06, p < 0.0001, respectively.
Conclusions: The menstrual phase had an influence on resting autonomic variables, with higher sympathetic activity being observed during the luteal phase. Central hypovolemia leads to increased cardiovascular and autonomic responses, particularly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, likely due to higher estrogen levels and increased sympathetic activity.publishedVersio