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Life skills and literary texts about the First World War
Get PDFThe CLELEjournal operates under the Creative Commons Licence CC-BY-SA. This license lets others adapt and build upon the author’s work – with the appropriate citation of the author and Children’s Literature in English Language Education as place of original publication – free of charge. The new work should be licensed under the same terms. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/This article addresses how literary texts about the First World War opened spaces for the life skills of critical thinking and empathy in an English language classroom in a lower secondary school in Norway. It reports on parts of a study conducted in a 9th grade English class, where the learners read four texts, prose and poetry – The Amazing Tale of Ali Pasha (Foreman, 2013), ‘The Soldier’ (Brooke, 1914/2014), ‘Does it Matter?’ (Sassoon, 1917/2014) and an excerpt from Stay Where You Are and Then Leave (Boyne, 2017) – and responded to them in an individual assignment. As its point of departure, this article considers the implementation of the interdisciplinary topic Health and Life Skills, one of three topics introduced in the current Norwegian National Curriculum, the 2020 Knowledge Promotion. It draws on the idea that responding to literary texts about history facilitates critical thinking and expressions of empathy. Judith Langer’s theory of building envisionments was employed to describe how the learners engaged with the texts. The findings indicate that the two prose texts proved particularly fruitful to help learners think critically and empathetically about some of the demanding and challenging aspects of life in times of war. To dig deeper and more critically into the literary texts, further teacher involvement and integration of historical information when working with the texts and responses are needed in order to balance historical knowledge and the learners’ immediate response to the texts.publishedVersio
Adversarial Growth among Refugees: A Scoping Review
Get PDFBackground: The main aims of this scoping review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge about adversarial growth among refugees, and to gain insight into the complexity of post-trauma development. Methods: We applied a systematic search strategy resulting in the inclusion of 43 quantitative and qualitative empirical studies. Our findings underscore the prevalence of growth as a common phenomenon among refugees, emphasizing the positive associations with problem-focused coping, optimism, positive reappraisal, religiosity, and social support. Additionally, this review sheds light on the qualitative experiences and outcomes of growth, particularly pro-social outcomes, and the cultural and religious aspects of growth processes. Findings concerning the role of time and post-migration factors on growth processes highlight the need for more studies among established refugees. In sum, the findings supplement and lend nuance to pathology-oriented research, while acknowledging the severity of suffering and trauma and their consequences for individuals. We suggest that further research should focus on existential aspects and theories of growth: compassion, altruism, and pro-sociality following trauma, and the importance of religious and cultural elements in growth processes.publishedVersio
Consumer drivers for intended adoption of recycled wood as construction material
Get PDFThe construction sector has a substantial resource and carbon footprint. These environmental impacts can be dampened by expanding the use of recycled construction materials. Prior literature focuses on viewpoints of construction professionals to improve circular economy in the sector; consumer perceptions remain a research gap. Consumer interests can trigger markets for recycled construction products to develop. Norway has a long tradition of using wood as the main construction material in residential houses and cabins; however, recycled wood is not easily available. This study aims to gauge consumers’ willingness to use recycled wood as construction material in houses and cabins, by applying the Diffusion of Innovations theory. Online surveys were distributed to 446 cabin-owners and 467 houseowners in Norway. The analyses revealed that more than half of the consumers are willing to use recycled wood in construction. Structural equation modeling results exhibited Relative Advantage over primary material and Compatibility with existing building materials as the strongest drivers of Adoption; however, Perceived Risk associated with recycled wood had limited effects. Consumers’ Green Values did not directly affect Adoption. Compatibility and Green Values had indirect effects on Adoption via Relative Advantage as a mediator. Our findings imply high readiness from end-consumers to use recycled wood in construction and renovation in private housing, exhibiting potential market avenues. Identified drivers of adoption can direct construction businesses in designing and marketing recycled products which consumers would be willing to accept; as well as guide policymakers in developing policies that facilitate circular economy in the construction sector.publishedVersio
SustAinimal Grazing Living Lab–a survey of grazing management on dairy farms in northern Sweden
Get PDFA survey was conducted on 302 Sweden dairy farms (response rate 98%) to identify grazing and grassland management strategies and main challenges to grazing in northern Sweden. The most common grazing strategy on all dairy farms was continuous grazing (59%) followed by rotational grazing (45%), while organic dairy farms preferentially adopted rotational grazing (69%). The main challenges reported in grazing dairy cows on temporary grasslands on conventional farms were trampling damage and seasonal variations in grass growth, while for organic dairy farmers, the primary challenge was weed control. Only a few farms had grazing on semi-natural grasslands. Future sustainable grazing should focus on optimising grazing strategy in relation to on-farm grazing locations and nutrient supply for high-yielding dairy cows.publishedVersio
Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Parents Have Different Experiences of Pain Management: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFAim: The aim of this study is to explore and compare experiences of pain management strategies for children with CP from the perspectives of children themselves and their parents. Methods: A secondary inductive analysis of previously collected qualitative data was performed. Fourteen children with CP and one parent of each child were interviewed separately about the management of the child’s pain. A dyadic data analysis was used to compare parents’ and children’s perspectives. Findings: The main thematic categories of pain management identified were self-care, psychological strategies, physical interventions and professional treatment. Experiences described by the child and parent differed within all participating dyads but to different degrees. On a group level, children described more use of psychological strategies than parents did. Parents described more professional treatment strategies. Conclusions: Parents and children described different experiences of pain management strategies, and both perspectives are needed to understand the child’s situationChildren with Cerebral Palsy and Their Parents Have Different Experiences of Pain Management: A Qualitative StudypublishedVersio
‘Facilitating change from within’: investigating students’ experiences of using core reflection in physical education teacher education
Get PDFBackground
Reflection plays a pivotal role in professional development, particularly in physical education teacher education (PETE). Research shows that student reflections in PETE often remain at a superficial level, focusing mainly on technical aspects of teaching. However, there's a need for PETE students to engage in deeper reflections, encompassing social, moral, ethical, or political aspects of teaching.
Research goal
This study investigates how PETE students experience core reflection as a pedagogical intervention for their professional development.
Theory
Core reflection, a concept developed by Fred Korthagen, bridges the gap between theory and practice in teacher education. It encourages using personal teaching experiences as starting points for reflection, focusing on personality development and the utilization of one's inner potential. This approach is believed to help student teachers find their personal and authentic teaching style.
Method
The study involved 38 PETE students who participated in both theoretical and practical sessions, including a swimming course. These sessions incorporated tasks for facilitating core reflection, based on personal teaching experiences. The data comprised individual written reflections from these students, analyzed using Eggebø's ‘collective qualitative analysis’ procedure.
Results
The analysis revealed four key themes: (1) ‘Same Intentions, Varied Experiences’: This theme highlights the differences in depth and detail of core reflection among students, despite similar initial intentions. (2) ‘A Tool for Awareness’: The tool was found to be effective in helping students develop awareness and recognize their personal strengths and weaknesses. (3) Peer Feedback Helps Understanding Core Qualities’: This theme underscores the importance of peer feedback in identifying personal strengths and bolstering confidence. (4) ‘Being Situated in Realistic Context makes Core Reflection (more) Meaningful’: The findings emphasize the value of learning core reflection within realistic settings, such as school practicums and peer-teaching, to facilitate practical understanding and application.
Discussion and conclusion
Core reflection is an effective tool within PETE for promoting systematic reflection, self-awareness, and professional growth. However, it requires sustained effort and integration into educational programs. Future research should explore the long-term effects of core reflection in PETE, especially regarding the development of professional competencies aligned with individual core qualities.publishedVersio
Experimental Infection of Reindeer with Jamestown Canyon Virus
Get PDFSeroprevalence of Jamestown Canyon virus in freeranging caribou in North America is high. We demonstrate serum antibodies and RNA of the virus in blood and tissues of experimentally exposed reindeer with no clinical illness and minimal histopathologic changes. Caribou and reindeer may play a role in emergence and
dissemination of vectorborne zoonoses in Arctic regions.publishedVersio
A microcycle of high‐intensity short‐interval sessions induces improvements in indicators of endurance performance compared to regular training
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a microcycle of high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions with multiple short work intervals followed by an active recovery period, compared to a similar duration of regular training, on determinants and indicators of endurance performance in well-trained cyclists. The participants in the BLOCK group performed a 6-day HIT microcycle including five HIT sessions (5 × 8.75-min 30/15 s short intervals) followed by a 6-day active recovery period with reduced training load, while the regular training group (REG) performed 12 days of their regular training, including four HIT sessions. Physiological testing was performed before and after the training periods. From pre- to post- intervention, BLOCK demonstrated significantly larger improvements than REG in mean power output (PO) during the last min of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test (POVO2max) (3.7 vs. 0.7%, p = 0.009, and effect size (ES) = 1.00) and mean PO during the 10-s sprint (2.8 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.028, and ES = 0.63). No significant differences between BLOCK and REG were observed for VO2max, PO at 4 mmol·L−1 [blood lactate] (PO4mmol), 15-min maximal mean power output (PO15-min), and gross efficiency (p = 0.156–0.919). However, there was a tendency for larger improvements in the performance index (calculated from the main performance indicators POVO2max, PO4mmol, and PO15-min) in BLOCK compared to REG (2.9% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.079, and ES = 0.71). A 6-day high-intensity short-interval microcycle followed by a 6-day active recovery period induces improvements in endurance performance indicators compared to regular training, demonstrating its potential as an efficient strategy for endurance training in well-trained cyclists.publishedVersio
Researchers as actors: using vignettes to understand how researcher-facilitators negotiate their roles in collaborative research in physical education
Get PDFA significant number of studies have shown that collaborative research can enable practitioners to solve practical issues while simultaneously allowing researchers to study the process of change. However, knowledge about the roles of researcher-facilitators and how these role(s) are experienced, is scarce. In this study, we explore how researchers experience and negotiate their role(s) in a collaborative research project working closely with teachers over three years. We draw on theoretical concepts from Goffman, E. [(1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Doubleday Anchor Book] and Goffman, E. [(1961). Encounters: Two studies in the sociology of interaction. Bobbs-Merril] to better understand how being a researcher can be compared to doing role-playing and performing in the theatre. Guided by an analysis of researchers’ reflective diaries, teacher interviews and data collected from Shut-up-n-write sessions, we represent our findings through three vignettes. In the first vignette, Negotiating and serving multiple roles and unexpected scenarios we discuss how the facilitator takes on and is given, different roles that need to be appropriately performed over the course of a project. In the second vignette, Negotiating emotions front- and backstage, we problematise how the unpredictable nature of collaborations elicits a broad range of emotions that need to be negotiated. In the third vignette, Creating spaces for on-stage performances, we discuss how researchers must sometimes reflect on their performances and address situations that occur in the heat of the moment. Altogether, these three vignettes highlight various aspects of the complexity of being a facilitator, and underscore how the facilitator role is something that needs to be practised and refined over time.publishedVersio
Time-course for onset and decay of physiological adaptations in endurance trained athletes undertaking prolonged heat acclimation training
Get PDFShort-term heat acclimation (HA) appears adequate for maximizing sudomotor adaptations and enhancing thermal resilience in trained athletes. However, for enhanced erythropoiesis and transfer effects to exercise capacity in cooler environments, prolonged HA appears necessary. To establish the time-course for physiological adaptations and performance effects, 20 male elite cyclists were divided into an intervention group (HEAT; n = 10) completing 5 weeks of HA (six one-hour HA-training sessions per week) and control (n = 10) tested pre and post in hot (40°C) and cool conditions (20°C). HEAT completed tests at 40°C every week during HA with measures of sweat rate and [Na+] and a decay test 2 weeks after termination of HA. HEAT improved time for exhaustion by 15 min (p < 0.001) in the 40°C test, increased sweat rate by 0.44 L/hour (p < 0.001), and lowered sweat sodium concentration [Na+] by 14.1 mmol/L (p = 0.006) from pre- to post-HA, with performance returning to pre-HA levels in the 2-week decay test. Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) was increased by 30 grams (+3%, p = 0.048) after 3 weeks and 40 grams (+4%, p = 0.038) after 5 weeks in HEAT but returned to pre-HA levels at the 2-week decay test. HEAT improved incremental peak power output (+12 W, p = 0.001) without significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake (p = 0.094). In conclusion, improvements in heat exercise tolerance and sudomotor adaptations materialized during the first ~3 weeks and the entire 5 weeks of HA augmented both cool exercise capacity and tHbmass. However, the 2-week post-HA evaluation demonstrated a rapid decay of physiological adaptations and exercise capacity in the heat.publishedVersio