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Systemomfattende og sammenhengende skoleutvikling i videregående opplæring
Get PDFThis article is translated by Semantix from the original Norwegian edition in an anthology on school development with permission from Cappelen Damm Akademisk:
Nordahl, T. (2022). Systemomfattende og sammenhengende skoleutvikling i videregående opplæring. In K. Helstad & S. Mausethagen (Eds.), Skoleutvikling : i forskning, politikk og praksis (pp. 152-173). Cappelen Damm Akademisk
What does coexistence mean? Insight from place-based trajectories of pastoralists and bears encounters in the Pyrenees
Get PDF1. The recovery of large carnivores in Europe raises issues related to sharing landscape with humans. Beyond technical solutions, it is widely recognized that social factors also contribute to shaping coexistence. In this context, scholars increasingly stress the need to adopt place-based approaches by analysing how humans and wildlife interact and co-adapt in specific landscapes. In the burgeoning field of ‘more-than- human’ geography, both humans and non-humans are considered as co-constitutive of places. According to this tradition, animals should not simply be seen as objects under human control but approached as powerful actors in multi-species landscapes. 2. By tracking how brown bear recovery in the French Pyrenees has shaped different places of encounters with pastoralists (i.e. farmers and shepherds in extensive sheep farming in mountain pastures during summer), this paper discusses what coexistence means when viewed through the lens of more-than- human geography. We use an in-depth, retrospective and multi-sources approach to describe the inter-relationships of bears and pastoralists on three mountain pastures since the return of bears at the end of the 1990s. Semi structured interviews, participant observation, administrative and institutional data about bear depredation and genetics, as well as pastoral practices form the basis of an integrated narrative analysis. 3. Our study reveals how the return of a large carnivore has produced three different, singular, context-specific coexistence ‘patches’. Each of these three pastures represent a distinct landscape dynamically shaped over time by bears, pastoralists and the rest of biotic and abiotic environment. 4. Specifically, we demonstrate how various factors—the individual behaviour of bears, their movement and reproduction capacity, the number of depredations, the pastoralists' histories, their collective organization, the choices they made, the pastures' features, the available resources and surrounding vegetation—cumulatively intertwine in complex, place-specific entanglements. 5. Policy implications. Our results suggest that coexistence should not be conceptualized as global, top down and standardized. Instead it is shaped by patches in which humans and non-humans interact in specific ways. Therefore, fostering coexistence means acknowledging the full diversity of situations in which people and wildlife write their own place-based, more-than- human histories.publishedVersio
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia across the spectrum of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFInsomnia is prevalent among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), potentially undermining treatment and increasing the risk of relapse. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia, but its efficacy is not well-characterized in patients across the spectrum of AUD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effectiveness of CBT-I in improving insomnia severity and alcohol-related outcomes in adults with heavy alcohol use and/or varying levels of AUD severity and comorbid insomnia. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched (up to February 2024) to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Multilevel meta-analyses were conducted to estimate mean differences over time in insomnia severity, measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), as well as in alcohol craving and alcohol-related psychosocial problems between CBT-I and control groups. For the number of heavy-drinking/abstinent days, incidence rate ratios were estimated. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Eight RCTs encompassing 426 adults (68.78 % men) were included. Compared with control conditions, CBT-I resulted in a large reduction of insomnia severity post-treatment [estimated ISI reduction = −5.51, 95% CI (−7.13 to −3.90)], which was maintained at 1-to-3-month [7 studies; estimate = −4.39, 95% CI (−6.08 to −2.70)], and 6-month follow-up [4 studies; estimate = −4.55, 95% CI (−6.77 to −2.33)]. Alcohol-related outcomes were reported less consistently, and no significant differences were found. The included trials were judged to have a low or moderate overall risk of bias for the assessment of all outcomes. CBT-I effectively reduces insomnia severity across the spectrum of AUD, supporting wide implementation in AUD prevention and treatment settings.publishedVersio
Engagement factors affect academic success through study approaches among university students in physical education and sport: A mediation analysis
No full textIntroduction: University students should engage with the study and ensure they adopt productive study approaches, but the nature of relationships between engagement and study approaches are under-researched. The study aimed to investigate how emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement affect academic success through study approaches among physical education and sports students.
Methods: Online forms were submitted by 488 students in physical education and sports (age range 19–25 years, Mean = 21 ± 1.5 year). They completed surveys regarding their academic engagement, study approaches, and grade point average (GPA). Analyses of associations were conducted through linear regression analysis and mediation analysis.
Results: Results from the linear regression analysis showed correlations between academic engagement factors, study approach variables, and GPA, with higher GPA correlating with higher scores on behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, surface theory task, and deep theory task, and with lower scores on surface practical task. The analysis of total and direct effects revealed positive associations between all academic engagement factors and GPA. Emotional engagement exhibited a positive association with GPA mediated by study approaches. All engagement dimensions appear to influence academic success among these students.
Conclusion: The influence of emotional engagement on academic success appears in part to be operating through its effects on study approaches. The study can enable educators in monitoring and enhancing student engagement, thereby supporting students in their pursuit of high academic performance in physical education and sport.publishedVersio
Profiling adolescent participation in wildlife activities and its implications on mental health: evidence from the Young-HUNT study in Norway
Get PDFBackground: Adolescent mental health challenges are on the rise globally, and Norway is no exception. Wildlife activities (WAs) have been increasingly promoted as a potential measure to improve adolescent well-being. However, there is limited research on the extent of adolescent participation in these activities and its association withmental distress among Norwegian adolescents.
Aim: This study has a twofold aim: to explore the degree of adolescent participation in WAs and to examine the association between this participation and mental distress.
Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, using Young-HUNT data from
Norway collected between 2017 and 2019. A total of 6,361 participants were
included in the final sample. Participants were categorized based on their level of participation in WAs, and ordinal regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with their level of wildlife activity. Furthermore, multivariate
linear regression analysis assessed the association between wildlife activity and mental distress.
Results: Themajority of participants reported lowlevels (34.6%) or mediumlevels (53.2%) of engagement in WAs. Adjusted analyses showed that higher levels of participation in WAs were associated with a range of factors, particularly female sex, having both parents born in Norway, andmaintaining amediumor high level of physical activity. A weak yet statistically significant relationship was identified between higher levels of wildlife activity and increased mental distress among the participants.
Conclusion: Various sociodemographic, lifestyle, and social factors influence the involvement in WAs. The observed weak but significant association between higher participation inWAs, and increased mental distress raises questions about the assumption that nature and WAs are universally beneficial for adolescent mental health. These results highlight the need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. These findings also caution policymakers againstmaking generalized claims about themental health benefits of WAs without a deeper consideration of individual and contextual factors.publishedVersio
Daily challenges and use of resistance resources among younger adults with serious mental illness: A qualitative study from a salutogenic health promotion perspective
Get PDFThe main objective of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges young adults with serious mental illness experience in everyday life, the factors that can promote or prevent health and well-being and how they cope with these challenges.
This doctoral thesis aligns with the phenomenological-hermeneutic tradition and understanding. It involves the analysis and interpretation of nine in-depth interviews guided by the theory of salutogenesis. The thesis comprises three articles that delve into and discuss the experiences of everyday challenges and the cultivation of salutogenic coping abilities. Moreover, the thesis considers the interaction experience between an individual and their social environment and its potential impact on health and well-being. It also examines and discusses experiences related to physical activity and how these might influence health and well-being.
Overall, this study illustrates the need for more tolerant, health-promoting public attitudes where people with serious mental illness feel that they are included and accepted as valued and integral members of the community. The study demonstrates that receiving social support and being included in the community is crucial for bolstering self-identity and combating stigma, thereby fostering a sense of coherence, health, and well-being. Additionally, it indicates that enhancing the capacity to recognize and utilize appropriate resistance resources is vital for cultivating a proactive and positive self and developing health-promoting coping skills, subsequently leading to improved health and well-being. Furthermore, it is essential to understand that the development of salutogenic coping skills must be personalised to cultural contexts and society and supported by local communities, families and services. Additionally, the study shows that adapted physical activity is a crucial resistance resource to increase self-identity, health and well-being by providing a sense of mastery, meaningfulness, and social engagement, thus contributing to an improved ability to manage stressors. Furthermore, the findings also reveal that individuals need to choose a physical activity based on personal interest and meaning to engage in physical activity and promote sustainable life changes. The findings of the present study are important in that they contribute to increased expertise in mental health care and an increased focus on treatments that emphasise active participation, salutogenic coping and strengthening the person's sense of coherence to promote positive health and well-being.Hovedmålet med denne kvalitative studien var å utforske ulike utfordringer unge voksne med alvorlig psykisk lidelse opplever i hverdagen, hvilke faktorer som kan fremme eller forhindre helse og velvære og hvordan disse utfordringene håndteres.
Studien benytter teorien om salutogenese som et teoretisk rammeverk og avhandlingens tre artikler drøfter resultatene i lys av denne teorien. Artiklene utforsker og diskuterer hvordan ulike livserfaringer kan påvirke utviklingen av salutogene mestringsevner, helse og velvære. Avhandlingen kan plasseres innenfor en fenomenologisk-hermeneutisk tradisjon og forståelse, og hvor de ni dybdeintervjuene ble analysert og forstått i lys av teorien om salutogenese.
Samlet sett illustrerer denne studien behovet for mer tolerante og helsefremmende offentlige holdninger slik at mennesker med alvorlige psykiske lidelser kan oppleve at de er inkludert og akseptert som verdsatte og viktige medlemmer av fellesskapet. Studien viser at det å oppleve sosial støtte og inklusjon i fellesskapet er essensielt for å styrke selvidentiteten og kunne bekjempe stigma, og dermed fremme en økt opplevelse av sammenheng, helse og velvære. Studien viser også at det er viktig å styrke evnen til å kunne identifisere og bruke hensiktsmessige motstandsressurser for å fremme utviklingen av en handlekraftig og positiv selv-identitet og salutogene mestringsevner og dermed oppleve økt helse og velvære. Videre at det vesentlig å forstå at utviklingen av salutogene mestringsevner må tilpasses kulturelle kontekster og samfunnet, samt støttes av lokalsamfunn, familier og helsetjenester. Studien viser også at tilpasset fysisk aktivitet er en viktig motstandsressurs som kan fremme en sterkere selvidentitet, gi økt psykisk velvære, og sterkere sosialt engasjement og tilknytning, og dermed bidra til en forbedret evne til å håndtere stressfaktorer. Videre viser funnene at for å engasjere seg i fysisk aktivitet og fremme bærekraftige endringer i livet er det vesentlig å velge en fysisk aktivitet som er basert på personlig interesse og oppleves meningsfull.
Funnene i denne studien har betydning ved at de kan bidra til økt kompetanse innen psykisk helsevern og gi økt søkelys på behandlinger som vektlegger aktiv deltakelse, salutogen mestring, og styrking av personens opplevelse av sammenheng for å fremme positiv helse og velvære.publishedVersio
Institutional bias and Islamic burial space in France and the Netherlands
Get PDFIn both France and the Netherlands, the issue of Islamic burial has presented itself within a broader context of growing cultural and religious diversity resulting from immigration. This article investigates how institutional biases shape the ability of Muslim communities to have their burial needs met. It contributes by introducing a conceptualization and typology of institutional bias, offering a framework for understanding the skewed patterns of formal and informal structuration that affect groups and individuals based on markers of social identity, including ethnicity and religion. To better capture how biases operate, the article identifies three types of institutional bias: regulative, symbolic, and material. Against the backdrop of prevailing institutional frameworks governing burials, it examines how these biases shape opportunities for Muslim communities. The findings suggest that the Dutch context is more accommodating, as various collective solutions (such as confessional cemeteries and designated parcels) exist, and the burial domain is less burdened by symbolic bias in the form of secularist values and political imageries. In France, by contrast, the Republican principle that cemeteries are municipally owned and administered creates a regulative and symbolic bias in the form of structural obstacles to the establishment of Muslim cemeteries and the formal recognition of Islamic burial parcels. Nevertheless, pragmatic accommodations occur, often through reinterpretations of existing material biases, the bending of formal rules, or the de-symbolization of spatial arrangements that mark religious boundaries.Institutional bias and Islamic burial space in France and the NetherlandspublishedVersio
The Viability of Virtual Reality as a Tool to Promote Physical Activity During Periods of Restricted Movement
Get PDFExecutive summary
There is a need for tools to promote engagement and interaction with urban nature which is a
known health determinant. Virtual Reality (VR), interactive computer simulations, can help
increase the frequency of contact with nature, increase nature connectedness and potentially
activate citizens to engage in a range of pro-environmental behaviours (e.g. citizen science).
Individuals with limited access to nature due to restricted movements, (e.g., COVID-19 or
mobility issues) can achieve additional benefits from the use of VR. VR nature experiences
can emulate the benefits of real exposure and raise awareness for urban nature and its
benefits. There is a necessity to advance our understanding of VR interventions to optimise
the application and implementation across target groups. This report, through the example of
the GoGreen Routes VR experiential showcase, will outline the potential for theory-based
approaches, from motor cognition and motivation theory to SDG’s to inform best practice.
Recommendations for both practice and research conclude the report.acceptedVersio
Tilpasset opplæring fra elevers perspektiv
Get PDFDenne studien har undersøkt problemstillingen «Hvordan opplever elever fra videregående skole tilpasset opplæring?». Det er en kvalitativ studie med en kombinert metodisk tilnærming med deltakende visuell metode og oppfølgingsintervjuer. Bakgrunnen for masteroppgaven er et ønske om fordypning i hvordan elever opplever skolen, samt refleksjoner rundt egne og kollegaers antakelser. Formålet med oppgaven er å få et større innblikk i hvordan elever opplever tilpasset opplæring, sett fra deres perspektiv. Dette er viktig fordi mye av eksisterende forskning fokuserer på lærerens og skolens perspektiv, mens elevens stemme ofte ikke blir tatt med. Ved å inkludere elevenes perspektiv, kan en bedre forståelse av hvordan tilpasset opplæring kan forbedres, oppnås.
Funnene indikerer at tilpasset opplæring er vanskelig å definere, og det er mye usikkerhet rundt hva tilpasset opplæring faktisk er. Informantene har varierende opplevelser knyttet til tilpasset opplæring, basert på hvordan de definerer tilpasset opplæring. Det er gjort noen interessante funn som ikke var forventet, som for eksempel at teknologisk distraksjon blant lærere er betydelig. Flere av informantene opplever at tilpasset opplæring finner sted når praktiske oppgaver blir gjennomført. Tilpasset opplæring kan forbedres ved å inkludere elevers perspektiver, og ved å styrke relasjoner mellom lærer og elev.This study investigated the research question, “How do high school students experience differentiated instruction?”. It is a qualitative study with a combined methodological approach using participatory visual methods and follow-up interviews. The background for this master´s thesis is a desire to delve deeper into how students experience school and to reflect on my assumptions and those of my colleagues. The purpose of this thesis is to gain greater insight into students´ perspective of their experience of differentiated instruction. This is important because much of the existing research focuses on the teacher´s and school´s perspective, while the student´s voices are rarely included. By including the student´s perspectives, a better understanding of how differentiated instruction can be improved can be achieved.
The findings indicate that differentiated instruction is difficult to define and that there is much uncertainty about what it entails. The participants´ experiences of differentiated instruction are variable, depending on how they define it. Interesting and unexpected findings are presented, including, for example, substantial technological distraction among teachers. Several informants experience that differentiated instruction occurs when practical tasks are carried out. Differentiated instruction can be improved by including student´s perspectives and by strengthening the relationships between teachers and students