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Welfare technology interventions among older people living at home—A systematic review of RCT studies
Get PDFThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The main goal of health services is for the elderly to maintain their mental and physical health and live at home independently for as long as possible. Various technical welfare solutions have been introduced and tested to support an independent life. The aim of this systematic review was to examine different types of interventions and assess the effectiveness of welfare technology (WT) interventions for older people living at home. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020190316) and followed the PRISMA statement. Primary randomized control trial (RCT) studies published between 2015 and 2020 were identified through the following databases: Academic, AMED, Cochrane Reviews, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve out of 687 papers met the criteria for eligibility. We used riskof-bias assessment (RoB 2) for the included studies. Based on the RoB 2 outcomes that showed a high risk of bias (>50%) and high heterogeneity of quantitative data, we decided to narratively summarize the study characteristics, outcome measures, and implications for practice. The included studies were conducted in six countries, namely the USA, Sweden, Korea, Italy, Singapore, and the UK. One was conducted in three European countries (the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland). A total of 8437 participants were sampled, and individual study sample sizes ranged from 12 to 6742. Most of the studies were two-armed RCTs, except for two that were three-armed. The duration of the welfare technology tested in the studies ranged from four weeks to six months. The employed technologies were commercial solutions, including telephones, smartphones, computers, telemonitors, and robots. The type of interventions were balance training, physical exercise and function, cognitive training, monitoring of symptoms, activation of emergency medical systems, self-care, reduction of death risk, and medical alert protection systems. The latter studies were the first of their kind and suggested that physician-led telemonitoring could reduce length of hospital stay. In summary, welfare technology seems to offer solutions to supporting elderly people at home. The results showed a wide range of uses for technologies for improving mental and physical health. All studies showed encouraging results for improving the participants’ health status.publishedVersio
Il tempo vissuto nei momenti di inquietudine: Tempo autentico e reponsabilità nella pratica professionale
Get PDFMoments of moral disquiet encounter clock time as well as lived time, and thus professional human practices are existential and take place in time and space. Professional practices as existential involve human bodies and relationships, and are based on trust, responsibility, and vulnerability. The paper explores the relation between lived time and moments of disquiet. We borrow lived experience descriptions from students in professional practices and analyse them phenomenologically. Our informants are students in profession studies of nursing, social work and education interviewed individually in or after external institutional practice during their education. In the interviews they share their experiences of personal responsibility in situations orienting to others in professional practices. As a life existential, time shapes and organises our bodies and activities from birth to grave and is lived and experienced in a variety of ways in daily life and life as such. Time is thus a precondition of human life and life itself. Our interest in this paper is to show and argue phenomenological-pedagogically why and how it is of professional significance to teach students to take the required time to care, and to encourage them to be attentively present in situations when other persons’ lives take place.publishedVersio
"Jeg er mer enn det du ser" : En studie av NAV-veilederkompetanse i flerkulturell forståelse
Get PDFMaster's thesis MIKA. VID Specialized University, Stavanger, May 2023NAV skal bidra til at flere kommer i arbeid med mål om å skape et inkluderende samfunn og bidra til sosial og økonomisk trygghet. Dette skal favne om alle innbyggere i landet uansett etnisitet, kultur eller religion.
Forskning viser at innvandrere fra ikke-vestlige land er overrepresentert blant befolkningen ellers når det kommer til lav sysselsetting, dårlige levekår og fattigdom. Økt kulturelt mangfold krever også økt kunnskap om og bedre forståelse av flerkulturalitet blant ansatte i NAV. Denne masteroppgaven i Interkulturelt arbeid undersøker hva veiledere i NAV mener skal til av flerkulturell forståelse, for å få til bedre arbeidsrettet oppfølgning av innvandrere fra ikke-vestlige land. Oppgaven er en kvalitativ studie med utgangspunkt i semistrukturerte intervjuer av fem veiledere i to forskjellige NAV-kontorer på Østlandet. Det vitenskapelige grunnlaget for studiet er inspirert av trippelhermeneutisk tilnærming.
Utgangspunkt for denne studien har vært diskusjoner rundt kulturelle normer hos innvandrerbefolkningen og mangel på verktøy og kompetanse hos veiledere i NAV, for å få til et godt samarbeid med fokus på brukeren sin situasjon og stemme. Å finne gode løsninger er vanskelig når man ikke har grunnleggende kompetanse om andre kulturer, eller påvirkningen kultur kan ha i samarbeidet mellom veileder i NAV og bruker. Resultater fra studiet viser at møtet mellom bruker og veileder preges av religion, normer og verdier som brukeren har med seg fra hjemlandet. Dersom veileder mangler flerkulturell kompetanse og forståelse for hvordan få til mestring og arbeidsinkludering til tross for kulturelle utfordringer, fører det til misforståelser og frustrasjon hos begge parter. Funnene i studien viser at det er behov for økt flerkulturell kompetanse hos veiledere i NAV; blant annet økt kunnskap om veiledning av brukere som er utsatt for negativ sosial kontroll, forskjeller mellom normer og verdier i Norge og normer og verdier i ikke-vestlige land, samt kunnskap om kulturelle holdninger til sykdom og arbeid. Studien gir ikke grunnlag for generalisering fordi det kun er fem NAV veiledere som har fått mulighet til å bidra i undersøkelsen. Likevel viser det seg at det er noen fellestrekk som gårigjen hos alle deltakerne og jeg kan derfor anta at flere kan være enige i meningene som kommer frem i studiet.NAV is to contribute to more employment. It is an aim to create a more inclusive community, as well as better social and financial security. This is meant to encompass all residents regardless of ethnicity, culture or religion.
Research shows that non-Western immigrants are overrepresented in terms of low employment, poor living standards and poverty in general. Increased cultural diversity demands and increased knowledge and a better understanding of multiculturalism among employees in NAV. This master`s thesis in Intercultural work will investigate what the employees of NAV employees consider to be necessary knowledge about multiculturalism to follow up on non-Western immigrants better concerning work life. The Thesis is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews of five counselors from two NAV offices in the eastern part og Norway. The scientific basis for the study is inspired by a triple Hermeneutical approach.
The starting point for this study has been discussions of cultural norms within the immigrant population, combined with NAV counselors’ lack of tools and competency, as the basis for good cooperation which focuses on the situation and voice of the NAV user. Finding good solutions is hard when there is lacking competency of other cultures or how culture can affect the cooperation between the NAV counselor and the users of the services.
The results of the study shows that the interactions between users and counselors are affected by religion, as well as values and norms from the user`s country of origin. In cases where the counselor lacks competency in multiculturalism and understanding of how to accomplish coping and work inclusion despite cultural differences, it may lead to misunderstanding and frustration for both parties. The findings of the study indicate that there is a need for increased knowledge of multiculturalism among the counselors at NAV, including increased knowledge of how to counsel users who are exposed to negative social control, differences between Norwegian norms and values and the norms and values of non-Western countries, and knowledge of cultural attitudes towards sickness and work.
The study is not generalized, as there are only five different participants who contributes to its research. Yet there are similarities between the experiences of all the participants, and therefore I assume that several others might hold the opinions that have emerged in this study.submittedVersio
Health care and social work students’ experiences with a virtual reality simulation learning activity: Qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: Virtual reality is used to an increasing extent in various fields and is now making inroads into health and social education. Virtual reality simulation can provide a safe and controlled environment for students to practice and master skills that are transferable to real-world situations without putting patients, clients, or themselves at risk of any harm. Virtual reality simulation using 360° videos represents a novel approach to simulation in health care and social work education, and this inspired our interest in exploring students’ experiences with such a learning activity.
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapy, social education, nursing, and social work students’ experiences with virtual reality simulation as a learning activity in an interdisciplinary subject.
Methods: The data were collected through 6 semi structured focus groups with 28 students. We conducted the focus groups after the students from the 4 education programs had participated in the virtual reality simulation at 3 campuses at a specialized university in Norway. Each focus group interview was facilitated by 1 moderator and 1 facilitator, a combination of experienced researchers and novices. We followed a qualitative design using the 6-step thematic analysis described by Braun and Clarke.
Results: The analysis revealed 3 overall themes for students’ experiences with the virtual reality simulation. The first theme, 360° videos provide observations for individual learning, illustrates how learning can take place through the students’ experiences with sensory inputs and observations from the 360° videos. Students experienced that the video enabled them to individually reflect and achieve learning from what was considered a clinically relevant video. The second theme, 360° videos activate emotional learning, demonstrates how the students experienced emotional engagement when watching the 360° videos. The degree of realism provided in the video was considered as important for the students’ learning. The last theme, debrief sessions enhance comprehensive learning, pinpoints how the students experienced learning through reflective discussions with other students after watching the 360° videos. Students claimed this process to be a vital part of the learning activity.
Conclusions: Virtual reality simulation represents a promising learning activity to enhance the professional learning of health care and social work students. It offers opportunities for individualized learning through observations, and it also engages students emotionally in the learning process. The combination of 360° videos and group discussions in virtual reality appears promising to enhance professional learning outcomes and competence, which may contribute to improved health care and social work services.publishedVersio
“Everything about us, without us?” : CRPD i kommunenes styringsdokumenter i tjenester til personer med utviklingshemming
Get PDFMaster i medborgerskap og samhandling. VID vitenskapelige høgskole, november 2023Masteroppgaven «Everything about us, without us» tar for seg seks ulike kommuner i Norge og deres bruk av FN konvensjonen om rettighetene til mennesker med funksjonsnedsettelse (CRPD) i deres styringsdokumenter. Oppgaven er avgrenset til mennesker med utviklingshemming.
Oppgaven adresserer problematikken ved å koble CRPD til teori om medborgerskap og dens betydning for personer med utviklingshemming.
Oppgaven kobler CRPD til teori om medborgerskap og dens betydning for personer med utviklingshemming. Det sees på status knyttet til implementeringen av CRPD i kommunale planer og hvordan dette kan påvirke kommunenes tilnærming til medborgerskap for denne gruppen. Videre ses det på hvilken plass selvbestemmelse og beslutningsstøtte har i dagens samfunn.
Problemstillingen jeg tar for meg er: CRPD i kommunenes styringsdokumenter i tjenester til personer med utviklingshemming.
Hensikten med oppgaven er å belyse CRPDs betydning for reelt medborgerskap for personer med utviklingshemming, og viktigheten av at dette er dokumentert i kommunenes styringsdokumenter.
Jeg har brukt dokumentanalyse om metode og gjennomgått de seks kommunenes dokumenter opp mot CRPD artikkel 3 og dens 8 prinsipper som ligger til grunn for CRPD som helhet.
Drøftingen av resultatene viser at CRPD ikke har en stor rolle i kommunenes dokumenter. Medborgerskapet for personer med utviklingshemming ser fortsatt ut til å stå svakere enn CRPD har som hensikt.The master's thesis, "Everything about us, without us," explores six different municipalities in Norway and their implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in their policy documents. The focus is on individuals with intellectual disabilities.
The thesis addresses the issue by connecting CRPD to the theory of citizenship and its significance for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
It looks into the status of CRPD implementation in municipal plans and how this can affect municipalities' approach to citizenship for this group. Additionally, it explores the current placement of self-determination and decision support in society.
The research question addressed is: The inclusion of CRPD in municipal governing documents for services to individuals with intellectual disabilities.
The purpose of the thesis is to highlight the significance of CRPD for genuine citizenship for individuals with intellectual disabilities and the importance of documenting this in municipal policy documents. The thesis delves into what intellectual disabilities are and explores their challenges in society, both historically and presently.
The chosen methodology involves document analysis, reviewing the documents of the six municipalities in light of CRPD Article 3 and its eight principles that underpin the entire CRPD.
The discussion of the results indicates that CRPD does not play a significant role in municipal documents. Citizenship for individuals with intellectual disabilities still appears to be weaker than what CRPD intends.submittedVersio
Analysis of the assessments of the readiness of the participating social service providers. National project: deinstitutionalisation of social service facilities - support for transition teams.
No full textNárodný projekt: Deinštitucionalizácia zariadení sociálnych služieb – podpora transformačných tímov (ďalej len NPDI PTT) podporoval zariadenia, ktoré sa zapojili do procesu deinštitucionalizácie, respektíve prípravy na proces deinštitucionalizácie. Cieľom projektu bolo pripraviť zariadenia na realizovanie zmien smerom k prechodu z inštitucionálnej na komunitnú starostlivosť a to prostredníctvom podpory mäkkými aktivitami ako sú konzultácie, vzdelávania, hodnotenia pripravenosti, diseminačné aktivity, workshopy, zahraničné a tuzemské študijné cesty a konferencie. Jednou z prvých podaktivít NPDI PTT je realizovanie hodnotení pripravenosti zapojených zariadení sociálnych služieb (ďalej len ZSS) na proces deinštitucionalizácie. Proces hodnotenia pripravenosti ZSS mal za cieľ: • Vyhodnotiť a popísať aktuálny stav poskytovania sociálnych služieb v zariadení sociálnych služieb a jeho súlad s vybranými článkami Dohovoru o právach osôb so zdravotným postihnutím prostredníctvom nástroja Svetovej zdravotníckej organizácie - WHO QualityRights Toolkit , • identifikovať postoje manažmentu, jeho pripravenosť na možnosti sebarealizácie, aktivizácie a participácie prijímateľov sociálnych služieb v komunite, ich aktívne začlenenie sa, • identifikovať pripravenosť na zmenu v možnostiach komunikácie a spolupráce s trhom práce a umiestňovania občanov so zdravotným postihnutím na trhu práce v mieste pôsobenia zariadenia sociálnych služieb u zamestnávateľov, • identifikovať a vyhodnotiť aktuálne fyzické prostredie poskytovanej sociálnej služby. Hodnotenie pripravenosti ZSS bolo vstupným dokumentom ktorý bude v kontexte Dohovoru o právach osôb so zdravotným postihnutím tvoriť základný podklad pre prípravu transformačných plánov konkrétnych zariadení sociálnych služieb v troch oblastiach: • sociálne služby, • aktivizácia a zamestnávanie, • zmien fyzického prostredia.publishedVersio
Varieties of belonging among migrants: Turkish migrants in Norway
Get PDFThis article examines different ways of belonging among migrants of Turkish origin who were born in Türkiye and are currently living in Norway (in/around Oslo and Drammen). The discussion in the article is based on the findings of semi-structured interviews conducted between March 2019 and August 2020 with 71 Turkish migrants as part of a qualitative study. Different categories of responses to the questions about belonging and the meanings respondents attached to belonging/not belonging are discussed. The paper aims to demonstrate the heterogeneity and complexity of feelings of belonging among the members of an ethnic group that is assumed to feel belonging to their country of origin rather than the destination country in the context of Europe. Additionally, the paper also aims to elaborate on what migrants actually mean when they talk about their belonging (or not belonging) to territories such as the country of origin or destination country, and collectivities like nations. Here it is argued that questioning and criticizing migrants’ feelings of belonging (especially to their countries of origin) as a part of civic integration agendas is an effort to intervene in and have control over their emotions. This claim to the right to intervene in migrants’ emotional lives is approached critically.publishedVersio
The significance of structural innovation for value alignment and social innovation in faith-based organizations: Reinventing organizations to dismantle powerasymmetries
Get PDFOpen access publication licensed under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International LicenseThe growing literature on innovation in nonprofit and faith-based organizations (FBO) has focused more on what fosters innovation than what happens after the innovation has been introduced. This research explores the significance of structural innovations for equality in two global FBOs engaged in international missions and diaconia. These innovations were motivated by their values and consisted of reinventing Western FBOs as global coalitions where former partners in the Global South became full members with an equal voice and vote. This collective case study draws on analyses from interviews, observations, participatory reflection in focus groups, and document studies to show how these value-driven structural innovations that aimed at dismantling power asymmetries have initiated value-related outcomes such as identity processes and practices, thus aligning with the organizations’ ultimate goals and values. They also enhanced learning and innovative capabilities, leading to other types of social innovations and enhanced performance. This study highlights the significance of value-driven structural innovation for FBOs in making a social impact according to their values and for their long-term organizational survival. Based on our findings, we discuss practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research.publishedVersio
Teologi både for hode og hjerte.
No full textOmtale av Svein Rise: Deltakelsens mysterium. Korsets mening og troens fornuft, Efrem forlag, 2023.publishedVersio
Fra verdidokumenter til verdier i praksis - en planlagt øvelse
Get PDFDette verket er lisensiert under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Innledning: I denne artikkelen vektlegger vi betydningen av planlagt øvelse i praktisering av vedtatte verdier på arbeidsplassen. Mange helsetjenester har vedtatte verdier som ideelt sett skal påvirke utøvelsen av tjenesten. Skal verdiene påvirke praksis, trengs en bevissthet omkring hvordan bevegelsen fra vedtatte verdier til verdipraksisen styres og ledes. En utbredt tilnærming til praktisering av verdier handler om refleksjon over praksis. Vi hevder i artikkelen at refleksjon over praksis ikke er tilstrekkelig, og vi utforsker potensialet som ligger i å ta i bruk etablerte arenaer på arbeidsplassen for felles øvelse i å praktisere bestemte vedtatte verdier.
Metode: En kvalitativ intervjustudie av fem ledere ved et norsk kompetansesenter der ledere og ansatte har gjennomgått en planlagt og vellykket verdiprosess.
Funn: En deltagende prosess for å etablere felles verdier er ikke i seg selv en garantist for at vedtatte verdier blir praktisert i yrkesutøvelsen. Vi fant heller at planlagte verdipraksiser kunne bidra til å forsterke ønskede verdier i praksis internt og eksternt i tjenesten. Betydningen av felles verdipraksiser ble tydelig illustrert da en kollektiv verdipraksis, et såkalt glødebarometer, ble innført og utviklet i kompetansesenteret som en intern praktisering av verdien anerkjennelse. Praksisen hadde innvirkning på ansattes og lederes bevissthet rundt hvordan anerkjennelse kom til uttrykk i praksis. Den kollektive øvelsen i å utøve anerkjennelse internt gav praktisk kompetanse i å utøve verdien også eksternt.
Konklusjon: Ved hjelp av institusjonell handlingsteori forstår vi planlagte, interne (ut)øvelser av verdier som en egnet fremgangsmåte for å påvirke praktiseringen av vedtatte verdier. Basert på erfaringer fra en verdiprosess av beste praksis i et norsk offentlig kompetansesenter i psykisk helse utleder vi en hypotese om at vedtatte verdier påvirker praksis gjennom interne felles verdipraksiser. Hypotesen må prøves videre i ulike kontekster.publishedVersio