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Assessing the impacts of the forced relocation of migrents on their social relations, wellbeing, and integration in Malawi: a case of Dzaleka
Get PDFThis thesis focuses on assessing the impacts of the forced relocation of migrants in Malawi. Specifically, the study tries to understand how this relocation affected the social relations, wellbeing, and integration prospects of the refugees encamped at Dzaleka refugee camp in Dowa, Malawi. It further tries to identify some of the social networks which the refugees developed and the support systems which benefitted from while they were illegally staying outside the camp. Finally it focuses on assessing the attitudes of native Malawians towards refugees.
The study was qualitative and employed focus group discussions as the preferred interviewing method. It uses Robert Putnam’s social capital theory to analyze and understand these refugee social networks. The study found that the relocation removed the refugees from their important social networks, essentially removing their social capital. It also found that micro-finance groups, prayer groups and casual friendships were vital sources of social support to the refugees. Finally, it showed that there were mixed attitudes towards refugees in Malawi.
The study, therefore, makes recommendations on creating strategies that enhance refugee integration, language acquisition, and the implementation of the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF)
Pro-immigration norwegian church élite: what explains the pro-immigration attitudes and are alleged welfarechallenges acknowledged?
Get PDFUnlike political and business élites, few studies address attitudes among members of the church élite. Faced with politicians who refer to Christian heritage and values to justify restriction on immigration, we want to understand the attitudes of church leaders. This article draws on data from the Norwegian Leadership Surveys, conducted in 2000 and 2015, to identify attitudes to immigration and to the Norwegian welfare system among the Norwegian Church élite. The church élite respondents were recruited among bishops, deans, and members of the National Church Council in the Lutheran majority church, the Church of Norway. Finding that a pro-immigration position characterizes the Church élite, we explore how these attitudes can be understood by introducing various variables. As immigration allegedly represents challenges to socio-economic integration and to upholding the welfare state, we investigate whether pro-immigration attitudes correlate with attitudes to promoting integration and upholding the welfare state. We find that pro-immigration attitudes are correlated with concern for those not able to provide for themselves, stronger trust in the State than in markets, and no particular concern for the impact on the welfare state. Opposing a nationalist protection discourse, the church leaders express a humanistic or human-centered protection discourse, which we term ‘human-centered cosmopolitanism’.publishedVersio
Convivialist multilingual education: theoretical and practical suggestions from a Norwegian perspective
Get PDFThe article aims at exploring the use of multilingual education to build a convivialist society. The article reflects theoretically on how to combine convivialist education and multilingual education. Today’s hyperdiversity in society faces a dual challenge in accelerating and unsettling climate change. The convivialist manifesto entails five key principles namely: common naturality where humans are interdependent with nature; common humanity which must be respected in each person beyond any identity differences; common sociality, based on long-lasting and rich relationships in various human communities; legitimate individuation where the singularity of the person contributes to the common good; and eventually, creative opposition where conflicts are dealt in a fertile, peaceful and deliberative manner. These key principles are additionally subordinated to the need to control human desire for hubris and never-ending possession which represents a political alternative to material growth ideology. The concept of intertwining convivialist education and multilingual education is illustrated through a case study [Master dissertation] in a Norwegian school context focusing on the significance of mother tongue education in the school curriculum for mitigating climate change. The data for the case study was gathered by conducting focus group discussions with three mother tongue teachers and two Norwegian language teachers working in a language school for newly arrived immigrant pupils in Norway. The findings identified the limitation of the Norwegian, section 2-8, lacunas in the bilingual learning curricula and it argued for the need to strengthen mother tongue education and the role of mother tongue teachers in promoting sustainable development in the school curriculum. Based on the study’s specific contextual findings and theoretical perspectives combining convivialist and multilingual education, the article infers that promoting multilingual education in schools can help mitigate climate change, and promote biocultural diversity and build a more convivialist society. The article thus aims to suggest some practical suggestions in a Norwegian plurilingual context and furthermore, it explores an expanded theoretical frame for convivialist multilingual education.publishedVersio
Traces of spiritual care in nursing records: A qualitative study of cancer care
Get PDFBackground: Serious illnesses, such as cancer, bring the threat of loss of health and life closer. This may compromise spiritual well-being. Addressing patients' spiritualiity is essential in nursing care. Therefore, nursing records should reflect, clarify, and enable spiritual- care follow- up.
Aim: The aim of this study is to explore how spiritual care is expressed in nursing records in cancer care.
Method: This study adopted a hermeneutic approach, and a qualitative content analysis was used to explore the nursing records of 43 inpatients with cancer from Norway. Ethical approval was obtained, and the privacy of the patients and healthcare professionals was safeguarded in line with the applicable legislation.
Results: Spiritual care was rarely reported in the nursing records (i.e., the nursing care plans and the progress notes). However, traces of spiritual care appeared in the records of everyday nursing. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) relieving life pain and mitigating loss, (2) facilitating faith support, (3) welcoming family and friends, and (4) sustaining normality and sharing joy.
Conclusions: This study showed that the nursing records of cancer care seldom ex-pressed spiritual care concerning patients' life pain, loss, or faith support. Increasing nurses' competencies in mapping, documenting, and attending to spiritual care, as well as overcoming the limitations of documentation systems, could help address the spiritual needs of cancer patients.publishedVersio
Cost-utility analysis and impact on the environment of videoconference in pressure injury. A randomized controlled trial in individuals with spinal cord injury
Get PDFStudy design: A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and ongoing pressure injury (PI).
Objectives: The main aim was to perform a cost-utility analysis (CUA) alongside the RCT comparing regular care to regular care with additional videoconference consultations. Secondary aims were to assess costs and greenhouse gas emission related to transportation in the two study groups.
Setting: Two spinal cord units in Norway.
Methods: Participants were allocated to a regular care group (RCG) and a regular care group with additional videoconference (VCG), in a 1-year follow-up between 2016 and 2018. Costs were prospectively collected, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data were collected at baseline and 12 months. The outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), derived from the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Results are reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as the cost per additional QALY gained. Transportation related costs and environmental emissions were compared by t-tests. RESULTS: There were 56 participants included, 28 in each group. Of these 27 in the VCG and 26 in the RCG completed. Three participants died. The mean cost per patient was € 8819 in the VCG and € 3607 in the RCG, with 0.1 QALYs gained in the VCG. No significant differences were identified regarding HRQoL or secondary outcomes.
Conclusion: The VCG costs € 5212 more for an additional 0.1 QALYs, giving an ICER of € 52,120 per QALY. No significant differences were found regarding transportation-related costs, or emission of greenhouse gases.publishedVersio
Implementation of remote home care: assessment guided by the RE-AIM framework
Get PDFBackground: Welfare technology interventions have become increasingly important in home-based palliative care for facilitating safe, time-efficient, and cost-effective methods to support patients living independently. However, studies evaluating the implementation of welfare technology innovations are scarce, and the empirical evidence for sustainable models using technology in home-based palliative care remains low. This study aimed to report on the use of the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to assess the implementation of remote home care (RHC) a technology-mediated service for home-living patients in the palliative phase of cancer. Furthermore, it aimed to explore areas of particular importance determining the sustainability of technologies for remote palliative home-based care.
Methods: A secondary analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews with patients with cancer in the palliative phase, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs) experienced with RHC was performed. A deductive reflexive thematic analysis using RE-AIM dimensions was conducted.
Results: Five themes illustrating the five RE-AIM dimensions were identified: (1) Reach: protective actions in recruitment - gatekeeping, (2) Effectiveness: potential to offer person-centered care, (3) Adoption: balancing high touch with high tech, (4) Implementation: moving towards a common understanding, and (5) Maintenance: adjusting to what really matters. The RE-AIM framework highlighted that RHC implementation for patients in the palliative phase of cancer was influenced by HCP gatekeeping behavior, concerns regarding abandoning palliative care as a high-touch specialty, and a lack of competence in palliative care. Although RHC facilitated improved routines in patients’ daily lives, it was perceived as a static service unable to keep pace with disease progression.
Conclusions: A person-centered approach that prioritizes individual needs and preferences is necessary for providing optimal care. Although technologies such as RHC are not a panacea, they can be integrated as support for increasingly strained health services.publishedVersio
User Involvement in Care Practices with People with SevereIntellectual Disabilities – From Weak Paternalism TowardsRespectful Care
Get PDFBrukermedvirkning sammen med unge voksne med alvorlig utviklingshemming er krevende å realisere for ansatte i helse- og omsorgstjenestene. Dette kan blant annet knyttes til ulike logikker som styrer brukerens rett til å medvirke og den profesjonelles plikt til å gi omsorgsfull og forsvarlig hjelp. Utøvelse av svak paternalisme kobles ofte til disse omsorgspraksisene. I denne artikkelen analyseres 16 intervjuer av pårørende og ansatte i tjenestene til fire unge voksne med alvorlig utviklingshemming. Kittays teori om respektfull omsorg brukes som analytisk inngang til å forstå ansattes og pårørendes fortellinger om brukermedvirkning sammen med denne gruppen. To hovedtema ble analysert frem: «Anerkjennelse av den enkeltes aktørskap og subjektivitet» og «Anerkjennelse av den dype avhengigheten». Studien synliggjør hvordan respektfull omsorg kan åpne for nye og alternative forståelser av brukermedvirkning sammen med personer som har omfattende og livslange omsorgsbehov. I tillegg viser studien hvordan respektfull omsorg, heller enn svak paternalisme, bidrar til å skape handlingsrom og fremme brukermedvirkning for denne gruppen.publishedVersio
The struggle for industrial democracy in Sweden: A sociological macro-meso analysis 1960–2020
Get PDFSweden has the reputation of being one of the most progressive countries in the world concerning work-life development and industrial democracy. In this article, an analytical overview of the development in these areas is provided, which includes the antecedents, major events, actor positioning and also the broad-term outcomes. Two major reform movements are described: one aiming to create a radically different work-life where workers control their own work with a power balance between labour and capital, and one a reformist movement aiming to create a degree of co-determination and a more engaging work-life without any major changes in power relations. The case shows that the radical movement was not able to generate radical change and that the reformistic movement achieved only partial success. The outcome over time has been a decreased interest in work-life development where co-determination practices are heavily institutionalized but perhaps do not provide better conditions for workers than in many other advanced industrial countries with a lesser degree of formal co-determination.publishedVersio
Hjelp! Foreldre for første gang.
Get PDFBakgrunn: Å bli førstegangsforeldre er både vakkert, spennende og overveldende. Å bli foreldre for første gang øker risikoen for samlivsbrudd. Ifølge nasjonale retningslinjer skal helsesykepleier snakke om foreldrenes psykiske helse på alle konsultasjoner, og ta opp temaer som samliv, overgangen til å bli foreldre på for eksempel hjemmebesøket.
Hensikt: Artikkelens hensikt er å undersøke hvordan helsesykepleier kan støtte parforholdet i overgangen til å bli førstegangsforeldre. Jeg ønsker å utforske og få økt kunnskap om hvilke tiltak som er nyttige i arbeidet mot å styrke parforholdet i overgangsfasen til å bli foreldre.
Metode: Litteraturstudie. Det ble gjort et systematisk søk i tre databaser, Cinahl, Academic search elite og Sosindex i perioden 20.september 2024 til 29. oktober 2024. Jeg brukte relevante søkeord for problemstillingen og tre artikler ble inkludert.
Resultat: Det var ulike faktorer som fremmet og hemmet et parforhold. Overgangen til å bli foreldre påvirket både parforholdet og parets egen velvære negativt. Det viste seg at forebyggende arbeid mot vordende førstegangsforeldre, og å jobbe med dynamikker i parforholdet i svangerskap og tidlig etter fødsel kunne være forebyggende for barseldepresjon for førstegangsforeldre.
Konklusjon: Studien viser at helsesykepleier bør arbeide med å opparbeide tillit hos førstegangsforeldre. Dette slik at helsesykepleier skaper et trygt rom for foreldrene til å kunne dele deres egne foreldreerfaringer og være åpne om eventuelle utfordringer i parforholdet. Helsesykepleier bør ha fokus på begge foreldrenes psykiske helse, selv om det i praksis og funn viste seg at fedre opplevde seg nedprioritert av helsepersonell
Empowerment i diakonalt arbeid. En kvalitativ studie blant menighetsdiakoner i Den norske kirke og ansatte i en diakonal virksomhet
Get PDFI denne oppgaven ønsker jeg å se nærmere på hvordan diakonale aktører jobber med empowerment i møte med mennesker. Jeg har valgt å konsentrere meg om empowerment i diakonalt menighetsarbeid og arbeid for mennesker med bakgrunn i rus og kriminalitet som skjer ved en virksomhet drevet av en diakonal stiftelse. Problemstillingen min er «På hvilke måter jobber diakonale aktører med empowerment i møte med mennesker? Muligheter og begrensninger for empowermentfremmende arbeid blant menighetsdiakoner i Den norske kirke og ansatte ved en diakonal stiftelse». Jeg valgte kvalitative forskningsintervju som metode for å besvare problemstillingen. Oppgaven er basert på empiri og har en fenomenologisk tilnærming til forskning. Gjennom sju intervjuer lærte jeg mer om informantenes tanker om og erfaringer med empowerment i møte med mennesker.
Teorien jeg presenterer i oppgaven er teori om empowerment, mestring og diakoni, som er relevant for problemstillingen. Ved å presentere diakonifaglige perspektiver på empowerment, belyser teoridelen sammenhengen mellom empowerment og diakoni.
Ved hjelp av tematisk innholdsanalyse kom jeg fram til tre funn som sier noe om hvordan diakoner i Den norske kirke og ansatte ved stiftelsen jobber med empowerment. Det første funnet jeg presenterer er å la mennesker ta ansvar for eget liv. Dette skjer blant annet gjennom samtaler, og noen mener Guds kjærlighet hjelper mennesker å ta ansvar for eget liv. Samtaleformene som er beskrevet i oppgaven er sjelesorgsamtalen og Arbeidshjulet. Videre er tilpassede oppgaver en måte å jobbe på. Denne tilnærmingen ser ut til å ha store muligheter for myndiggjøring. Det siste funnet jeg har presentert, er fellesskapet som en arena for myndiggjørende prosesser slik som tilhørighet, det å bare få være til stede, delta med oppgaver, medvirke og oppleve mestring i fellesskap med andre. De ulike måtene å jobbe empowermentfremmende på, og rammen det skjer ut fra, gir ulike muligheter og begrensninger